元阳梯田核心区森林群落土壤微生物数量与养分含量的分布特征
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摘要
选取元阳梯田核心区箐口和大鱼塘两地共7种森林群落(臭牡丹群落、杉树群落、茶树-旱冬瓜群落、旱冬瓜群落、鼠麴草群落、五眼果群落和鸭公树-木荷群落),按0-20cm、20-40cm、40-60cm和60-80cm土层取样,测定各土层微生物数量(细菌、放线菌、自生固氮菌、纤维分解菌和真菌)与养分含量(全N、全P、全K、碱解N、速效P和速效K),分析微生物数量与养分含量间的相关性。结果表明:(1)除茶树-旱冬瓜群落的真菌数量和旱冬瓜群落的放线菌、自生固氮菌以及纤维分解菌的数量不随土层深度的增加发生变化,其它森林群落微生物数量均随土层深度增加而减少。不同群落不同种类微生物数量变化梯度不一致。(2)鸭公树-木荷群落细菌数量最多;杉树群落的放线菌数量最多;自生固氮菌数量在旱冬瓜群落最多;纤维分解菌和真菌数量在臭牡丹群落最多。(3)7种森林群落的全N、碱解N、速效P、速效K含量均随土层深度的增加而减少,无眼果群落和鸭公树-木荷群落的全N、碱解N和速效K含量最高;旱冬瓜群落的全P和速效P的含量最高。(4)全N和3类速效养分含量与土壤微生物数量存在显著或极显著正相关。土壤微生物数量和养分含量在不同的森林群落表现出显著差异,并具有显著的垂直分布特征。
Soil samples were collected in 0-20 cm,20-40 cm,40-60 cm and 60-80 cm soil depth in seven typical forest types at core zone in Yuanyang Terrace,and the quantities of soil bacteria,actinomyces,azotobacter,cellulose decomposing bacteria and fungi,in addition with the contents of total N,P,K,available N,P and K were measured.The results showed:(1)The quantities of fungi from Camellia sinesis-Alnus nepalensis community,and the quantities of actinomycetes,azotobacter and cellulose-decomposing bacteria from Alnus nepalensis community did not change with the increase of soil depth,but the quantities of microorganisms in other communities decreased with the increase of soil depth.The gradients of microbial changes in different communities were different.(2)The quantity of bacteria in Neolitzea chui Merr.-Schima superba community was the largest,the quantity of actinomycetes in Cunninghamia lanceolata community was the largest,the quantity of azotobacter was the largest in Alnus nepalensis community,and the quantity of cellulolytic bacteria and fungi was the largest in Clerodendrum community.(3)The contents of total N,alkali-hydrolyzed N,available P and available K in seven forest communities decreased with the increase of soil depth,and the contents of total N,alkali-hydrolyzed N and available K were the highest in Choerospondias axillaris community and Neolitzea chui-Schima superba community.The contents of total P and available K in Alnus nepalensis community were the highest.(4)The total N and three available nutrients were positively correlated with soil microbial biomass,soil microbial biomass and nutrient content showed significant differences in different forest communities,and had significant vertical distribution characteristics.
Soil samples were collected in 0-20 cm,20-40 cm,40-60 cm and 60-80 cm soil depth in seven typical forest types at core zone in Yuanyang Terrace,and the quantities of soil bacteria,actinomyces,azotobacter,cellulose decomposing bacteria and fungi,in addition with the contents of total N,P,K,available N,P and K were measured.The results showed:(1)The quantities of fungi from Camellia sinesis-Alnus nepalensis community,and the quantities of actinomycetes,azotobacter and cellulose-decomposing bacteria from Alnus nepalensis community did not change with the increase of soil depth,but the quantities of microorganisms in other communities decreased with the increase of soil depth.The gradients of microbial changes in different communities were different.(2)The quantity of bacteria in Neolitzea chui Merr.-Schima superba community was the largest,the quantity of actinomycetes in Cunninghamia lanceolata community was the largest,the quantity of azotobacter was the largest in Alnus nepalensis community,and the quantity of cellulolytic bacteria and fungi was the largest in Clerodendrum community.(3)The contents of total N,alkali-hydrolyzed N,available P and available K in seven forest communities decreased with the increase of soil depth,and the contents of total N,alkali-hydrolyzed N and available K were the highest in Choerospondias axillaris community and Neolitzea chui-Schima superba community.The contents of total P and available K in Alnus nepalensis community were the highest.(4)The total N and three available nutrients were positively correlated with soil microbial biomass,soil microbial biomass and nutrient content showed significant differences in different forest communities,and had significant vertical distribution characteristics.
引文
[1]李晓华,田元润,何永美,等.元阳梯田景区森林土壤养分的分布特征[J].西部林业科学,2018,47(6):112-120.
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[3]Flores-Rentería D,Yuste J C,Valladares F,et al.Soil legacies determine the resistance of an experimental plant-soil system to drought[J].Catena,2018,166:271-278.
[4]刘钊,魏天兴,朱清科,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区典型林地土壤微生物、酶活性和养分特征①[J].土壤,2016,48(4):705-713.
[5]赵海燕,徐福利,王渭玲,等.秦岭地区华北落叶松人工林地土壤养分和酶活性变化[J].生态学报,2015,35(4).
[6]丁国昌,万晓华,杨起帆,等.亚热带树种转换对林地土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(11):3751-3758.
[7]张凯,郑华,陈法霖,等.桉树取代马尾松对土壤养分和酶活性的影响[J].土壤学报,2015,52(3):646-653.
[8]Fang X,Zhang J,Meng M,et al.Forest-type shift and subsequent intensive management affected soil organic carbon and microbial community in southeastern China[J].European journal of forest research,2017,136(4):689-697.
[9]Jacoby R,Peukert M,Succurro A,et al.The role of soil microorganisms in plant mineral nutrition-current knowledge and future directions[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2017,8:1617.
[10]李阳芳,宋维峰,和俊,等.元阳梯田核心区不同土地利用类型土壤水文效应研究[J].2012,19(6):54-57.
[11]冯书华,李红梅,吴炯,等.元阳梯田两种森林群落土壤微生物数量与养分特征[J].西部林业科学,2018,47(4):108-114.
[12]李振高,骆永明,滕应.土壤与环境微生物研究法[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:90-116.
[13]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:39-114.
[14]Cotrufo M F,Soong J L,Horton A J,et al.Formation of soil organic matter via biochemical and physical pathways of litter mass loss[J].Nature Geoscience,2015,8(10):776.
[15]Yadav S K,Soni R,Rajput A S.Role of microbes in organic farming for sustainable agro-ecosystem[M].Microorganisms for green revolution.Springer,Singapore,2018:241-252.
[16]Chen W,Teng Y,Li Z,et al.Mechanisms by which organic fertilizer and effective microbes mitigate peanut continuous cropping yield constraints in a red soil of south China[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2018,128:23-34.
[17]Pathan S I,■if■■kov■ L,Ceccherini M T,et al.Seasonal variation and distribution of total and active microbial community of β-glucosidase encoding genes in coniferous forest soil [J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2017,105:71-80.
[18]■tursov■ M,B■rta J,■antru■■ H,et al.Small-scale spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem properties,microbial community composition and microbial activities in a temperate mountain forest soil [J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2016,92(12):185.
[19]Guo X,Chen H Y H,Meng M,et al.Effects of land use change on the composition of soil microbial communities in a managed subtropical forest[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2016,373:93-99.
[20]高国庆,祖艳群,郭凤根,等.元阳梯田核心区周边森林群落植物多样性研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(4):62-68.
[21]H■gberg M N,H■gberg P,Myrold D D.Is microbial community composition in boreal forest soils determined by pH,C-to-N ratio,the trees,or all three?[J].Oecologia,2007,150(4):590-601.
[22]Shirima D D,Totland ■,Moe S R.The relative importance of vertical soil nutrient heterogeneity,and mean and depth-specific soil nutrient availabilities for tree species richness in tropical forests and woodlands[J].Oecologia,2016,182(3):877-888.
[23]Guan F,Xia M,Tang X,et al.Spatial variability of soil nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents in Moso bamboo forests in Yong'an City,China[J].Catena,2017,150:161-172.
[24]Deng L,Shangguan Z.Afforestation drives soil carbon and nitrogen changes in China[J].Land Degradation & Development,2017,28(1):151-165.
[25]Dai X,Wang H,Fu X.Soil microbial community composition and its role in carbon mineralization in long-term fertilization paddy soils[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,580:556-563.
[26]Camenzind T,H■ttenschwiler S,Treseder K K,et al.Nutrient limitation of soil microbial processes in tropical forests[J].Ecological Monographs,2018,88(1):4-21.
[27]Tian J,McCormack L,Wang J,et al.Linkages between the soil organic matter fractions and the microbial metabolic functional diversity within a broad-leaved Korean pine forest[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2015,66:57-64.
[28]徐恒,廖超英,李晓明,等.榆林沙区人工固沙林土壤养分、微生物数量和酶活性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2008,23(3):12-15.
[29]王静,王冬梅,任远,等.漓江河岸带不同水文环境土壤微生物与土壤养分的耦合关系[J].生态学报,2009,39(8):2687-2695.
[30]李明锐,钟伟,杨志新,等.矿区周边农田冬种蚕豆、油菜对土壤性质的影响及作物镉铅累积特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(5):845-850.
[2]De Araújo L M C,Sampaio E V D S B,De Araújo M D S B,et al.Phosphorus desorption from Fe and Al oxides mediated by soil microorganisms[J].Communications in soil science and plant analysis,2015,46(5):633-640.
[3]Flores-Rentería D,Yuste J C,Valladares F,et al.Soil legacies determine the resistance of an experimental plant-soil system to drought[J].Catena,2018,166:271-278.
[4]刘钊,魏天兴,朱清科,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区典型林地土壤微生物、酶活性和养分特征①[J].土壤,2016,48(4):705-713.
[5]赵海燕,徐福利,王渭玲,等.秦岭地区华北落叶松人工林地土壤养分和酶活性变化[J].生态学报,2015,35(4).
[6]丁国昌,万晓华,杨起帆,等.亚热带树种转换对林地土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(11):3751-3758.
[7]张凯,郑华,陈法霖,等.桉树取代马尾松对土壤养分和酶活性的影响[J].土壤学报,2015,52(3):646-653.
[8]Fang X,Zhang J,Meng M,et al.Forest-type shift and subsequent intensive management affected soil organic carbon and microbial community in southeastern China[J].European journal of forest research,2017,136(4):689-697.
[9]Jacoby R,Peukert M,Succurro A,et al.The role of soil microorganisms in plant mineral nutrition-current knowledge and future directions[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2017,8:1617.
[10]李阳芳,宋维峰,和俊,等.元阳梯田核心区不同土地利用类型土壤水文效应研究[J].2012,19(6):54-57.
[11]冯书华,李红梅,吴炯,等.元阳梯田两种森林群落土壤微生物数量与养分特征[J].西部林业科学,2018,47(4):108-114.
[12]李振高,骆永明,滕应.土壤与环境微生物研究法[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:90-116.
[13]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:39-114.
[14]Cotrufo M F,Soong J L,Horton A J,et al.Formation of soil organic matter via biochemical and physical pathways of litter mass loss[J].Nature Geoscience,2015,8(10):776.
[15]Yadav S K,Soni R,Rajput A S.Role of microbes in organic farming for sustainable agro-ecosystem[M].Microorganisms for green revolution.Springer,Singapore,2018:241-252.
[16]Chen W,Teng Y,Li Z,et al.Mechanisms by which organic fertilizer and effective microbes mitigate peanut continuous cropping yield constraints in a red soil of south China[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2018,128:23-34.
[17]Pathan S I,■if■■kov■ L,Ceccherini M T,et al.Seasonal variation and distribution of total and active microbial community of β-glucosidase encoding genes in coniferous forest soil [J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2017,105:71-80.
[18]■tursov■ M,B■rta J,■antru■■ H,et al.Small-scale spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem properties,microbial community composition and microbial activities in a temperate mountain forest soil [J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2016,92(12):185.
[19]Guo X,Chen H Y H,Meng M,et al.Effects of land use change on the composition of soil microbial communities in a managed subtropical forest[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2016,373:93-99.
[20]高国庆,祖艳群,郭凤根,等.元阳梯田核心区周边森林群落植物多样性研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(4):62-68.
[21]H■gberg M N,H■gberg P,Myrold D D.Is microbial community composition in boreal forest soils determined by pH,C-to-N ratio,the trees,or all three?[J].Oecologia,2007,150(4):590-601.
[22]Shirima D D,Totland ■,Moe S R.The relative importance of vertical soil nutrient heterogeneity,and mean and depth-specific soil nutrient availabilities for tree species richness in tropical forests and woodlands[J].Oecologia,2016,182(3):877-888.
[23]Guan F,Xia M,Tang X,et al.Spatial variability of soil nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents in Moso bamboo forests in Yong'an City,China[J].Catena,2017,150:161-172.
[24]Deng L,Shangguan Z.Afforestation drives soil carbon and nitrogen changes in China[J].Land Degradation & Development,2017,28(1):151-165.
[25]Dai X,Wang H,Fu X.Soil microbial community composition and its role in carbon mineralization in long-term fertilization paddy soils[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,580:556-563.
[26]Camenzind T,H■ttenschwiler S,Treseder K K,et al.Nutrient limitation of soil microbial processes in tropical forests[J].Ecological Monographs,2018,88(1):4-21.
[27]Tian J,McCormack L,Wang J,et al.Linkages between the soil organic matter fractions and the microbial metabolic functional diversity within a broad-leaved Korean pine forest[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2015,66:57-64.
[28]徐恒,廖超英,李晓明,等.榆林沙区人工固沙林土壤养分、微生物数量和酶活性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2008,23(3):12-15.
[29]王静,王冬梅,任远,等.漓江河岸带不同水文环境土壤微生物与土壤养分的耦合关系[J].生态学报,2009,39(8):2687-2695.
[30]李明锐,钟伟,杨志新,等.矿区周边农田冬种蚕豆、油菜对土壤性质的影响及作物镉铅累积特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(5):845-850.
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