减施氮肥下聚天冬氨酸对烤烟生理特性及氮肥去向的影响
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摘要
针对烤烟种植氮素施用量过多、氮肥利用率不理想等问题,以聚天冬氨酸(PASP)为肥料增效剂、我国烤烟主要种植品种"云烟87"和贵州黄壤为供试材料,采用~(15)N同位素示踪技术,探索了减施氮肥30%情况下PASP施用对烤烟生理特性和氮肥去向的影响,为PASP应用于烤烟生产提供参考。结果表明:减施氮肥和添加PASP均可有效提高烤烟氮肥利用率,前者提高效果在烤烟生育后期尤为明显,后者在前者的基础上可进一步增强提高效果。常规施肥减氮30%条件下,烤烟根系生理和叶片光合特性受到显著影响;在此基础上添加PASP其烤烟根系生理、叶片生理形态及氮肥利用率皆得到显著促进。低水平PASP(100 mg/plant)可在一定程度上提高氮肥利用率,但对烤烟根系、叶片光合特性促进效果不显著;相比较而言,较高水平PASP(400 mg/plant)更有利于烤烟根系和叶片的生理代谢及肥料利用率的提高。相关分析表明,PASP的添加量与氮肥利用率之间存在极显著正相关关系(p<0.01)。生育后期,各处理的~(15)N分配率均表现为地上部大于地下部,且随着PASP添加量的增加,植株分配到地上部的~(15)N的量相应增加;此外,施用PASP显著降低了氮肥损失率,提高了氮肥总回收率,表现为PASP用量越高效果越明显。综上可知,施用PASP促进了烤烟生理代谢和氮素的吸收,降低了氮肥损失,以施400 mg/plant PASP效果最佳。
With the excellent performance of fertilizer synergist, polyaspartic acid(PASP) may have an effect on the physiological metabolism and nitrogen use efficiency of flue-cured tobacco, which will solve the problems of excessive nitrogen application and low nitrogen use efficiency in tobacco-planting, and provide some reference to the application of PASP in tobacco production. A pot experiment which took the flue-cured tobacco called 'Yun 87', and yellow soil, the typical soil of Guizhou Province, was carried out to explore the effects of PASP on the physiological characteristics of tobacco and the fate of nitrogen fertilizer when reducing nitrogen application by ~(15)N-isotope tracer technique. The results indicated that the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer(30%).and the addition of PASP could effectively improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, the improvement effect of N reducing was particularly obvious in the late growth stage of flue-cured tobacco, and PASP application could further enhance the improvement effect. With 30% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application, the root physiology and leaf photosynthetic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco were significantly affected. Under the same conditions, adding PASP significantly promoted root physiology, leaf physiological morphology and nitrogen use efficiency of flue-cured tobacco. The low level PASP(100 mg/pant)didn't showed significant promotion effect on photosynthetic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco roots and leaves, even though it improved nitrogen utilization rate to some extent. Conversely, the high-level PASP(400 mg/pant)were more conducive to the physiological metabolism of roots and leaves of flue-cured tobacco and increased fertilizer use efficiency. In addition, the result of correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between PASP addition and nitrogen use efficiency(p<0.01).Furthermore, the application of PASP significantly increased the total recovery of nitrogen fertilizer, and for tobacco plant, the ~(15)N distribution of aerial part was higher than that of underground part in all treatments during the late growth stage, both of them became higher with the increase of PASP. In conclusion, the application of PASP facilitated the physiological metabolism of flue-cured tobacco, N absorption, and minimize nitrogen loss, especially in the treatment of N reduced by 30% + PASP 400 mg/plant.
With the excellent performance of fertilizer synergist, polyaspartic acid(PASP) may have an effect on the physiological metabolism and nitrogen use efficiency of flue-cured tobacco, which will solve the problems of excessive nitrogen application and low nitrogen use efficiency in tobacco-planting, and provide some reference to the application of PASP in tobacco production. A pot experiment which took the flue-cured tobacco called 'Yun 87', and yellow soil, the typical soil of Guizhou Province, was carried out to explore the effects of PASP on the physiological characteristics of tobacco and the fate of nitrogen fertilizer when reducing nitrogen application by ~(15)N-isotope tracer technique. The results indicated that the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer(30%).and the addition of PASP could effectively improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, the improvement effect of N reducing was particularly obvious in the late growth stage of flue-cured tobacco, and PASP application could further enhance the improvement effect. With 30% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application, the root physiology and leaf photosynthetic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco were significantly affected. Under the same conditions, adding PASP significantly promoted root physiology, leaf physiological morphology and nitrogen use efficiency of flue-cured tobacco. The low level PASP(100 mg/pant)didn't showed significant promotion effect on photosynthetic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco roots and leaves, even though it improved nitrogen utilization rate to some extent. Conversely, the high-level PASP(400 mg/pant)were more conducive to the physiological metabolism of roots and leaves of flue-cured tobacco and increased fertilizer use efficiency. In addition, the result of correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between PASP addition and nitrogen use efficiency(p<0.01).Furthermore, the application of PASP significantly increased the total recovery of nitrogen fertilizer, and for tobacco plant, the ~(15)N distribution of aerial part was higher than that of underground part in all treatments during the late growth stage, both of them became higher with the increase of PASP. In conclusion, the application of PASP facilitated the physiological metabolism of flue-cured tobacco, N absorption, and minimize nitrogen loss, especially in the treatment of N reduced by 30% + PASP 400 mg/plant.
引文
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[6] 田佳,安德荣,雷超,等.陕西烟田病害种类调查[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(5):57-62.
[7] Pramanik B K,Gao Y,Fan L,et al.Antiscaling effect of polyaspartic acid and its derivative for RO membranes used for saline wastewater and brackish water desalination[J].Desalination,2017,404:224-229.
[8] Wang C,Chen J X,Han J,et al.Enhanced corrosion inhibition performance of novel modified polyaspartic acid on carbon steel in HCl solution[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2019,771:736-746.
[9] Vikneshvaran S,Velmathi S.Reinforcement of low-carbon steel against corrosion in acidic condition by some Schiff bases:Experimental and theoretical studies[J].Materials and Corrosion,2018,69(8):1084-1094.
[10] 肖凤龙,卫民,赵剑.聚天冬氨酸合成与应用研究进展[J].生物质化学工程,2014,48(6):50-55.
[11] 唐会会,许艳丽,王庆燕,等.聚天门冬氨酸螯合氮肥减量基施对东北春玉米的增效机制[J].作物学报,2019,45(3):431-442.
[12] Wang Q Y,Tang H H,Li G Y,et al.Polyaspartic acid improves maize (Zea mays L.) seedling nitrogen assimilation mainly by enhancing nitrate reductase activity[J].Agronomy,2018,8(9):9-25.
[13] Ju O,Lee J H,Choi B R,et al.Effects of PAA (Polyaspartic acid) contained complex fertilizer on rice growth and CH4 emission from rice cultivation[J].Korean Journal of Crop Science,2013,22(6):705-711.
[14] Deng F,Wang L,Ren W J,et al.Optimized nitrogen managements and polyaspartic acid urea improved dry matter production and yield of indica hybrid rice[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2015,145:1-9.
[15] 孙克刚,和爱玲,张运红,等.聚天门冬氨酸包裹尿素对冬小麦增产效果研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015,53(4):128-130.
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[17] 霍昭光,孙志浩,邢雪霞,等.北方烟区水肥一体化对烤烟生长、根系形态、生理及光合特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(9):1317-1325.
[18] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:42-48,264-268.
[19] 王国栋,肖元松,彭福田,等.纳米碳对草莓氮素吸收利用及植株生长的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(5):335-340,351.
[20] Bunce J A.Effects of pulses of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on stomatal conductance and photosynthesis in wheat and rice[J].Physiologia Plantarum,2013,149(2):214-221.
[21] Zhang X,Madi S,Borsuk L,et al.Laser microdissection of narrow sheath mutant maize uncovers novel gene expression in the shoot apical meristem[J].Plosgenet,2007,3(6):e101.
[22] Tsuge T.Two independent and polarized processes of cell elongation regulate leaf blade expansion in Arabidopsis thaliana L.Heynh[J].Development,1996,122(5):1589-1596.
[23] 时向东,刘艳芳,文志强,等.打顶对烟株根系活力及内源激素含量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(2):143-147.
[24] 许自成,张婷,马聪,等.打顶后烤烟叶片酶活性、钾及烟碱含量的调控技术研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(5):701-705.
[25] 王忠.植物生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2009:128-129,188-190,195,218.
[26] 周建朝,范晶,王孝纯,等.磷胁迫下不同基因型甜菜的光合特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(4):910-916.
[27] 曹本福,桂阳,祖庆学,等.减量施肥下聚天冬氨酸对烤烟生长、产量及养分吸收的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2018,39(5):57-63.
[28] 陶虎春,黄君礼,杨士林,等.聚天冬氨酸的环境影响研究[J].环境科学研究,2004,15(5):32-34,59.
[29] Deng F,Wang L,Ren W J,et al.Enhancing nitrogen utilization and soil nitrogen balance in paddy fields by optimizing nitrogen management and using polyaspartic acid urea[J].Field Crops Research,2014,169:30-38.
[30] Deng F,Wang L,Mei X F,et al.Polyaspartic acid (PASP)-urea and optimised nitrogen management increase the grain nitrogen concentration of rice[J].Scientific Reports,2019,9:e313.
[31] 侯晓娜,王旭.黄腐酸和聚天冬氨酸对蕹菜氮素吸收及氮肥去向的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014,51(1):48-52.
[32] 凌寿军,谢玉华,曾晓娥.4种土壤的养分供给特性及烟株对肥料的利用率研究[J].中国烟草科学,2003,24(3):11-13.
[33] 李玥,赖勇林,王军,等.不同养分缺乏对烤烟根系形态及营养生长的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2015,36(2):60-65.
[34] 陈倩,李洪娜,门永阁,等.不同聚天冬氨酸水平对盆栽平邑甜茶幼苗生长及15N-尿素利用与损失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(1):126-129.
[2] Autret B,Beaudoin N,Rakotovololona L,et al.Can alternative cropping systems mitigate nitrogen losses and improve GHG balance?Results from a 19-yr experiment in Northern France[J].Geoderma,2019,342:20-33.
[3] Hazel D W,Franklin E C,Thomas K T,et al.Integrated practices for reducing sediment loss from Piedmont tobacco fields[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,63(3):143-152.
[4] 巨晓棠.氮肥有效率的概念及意义:兼论对传统氮肥利用率的理解误区[J].土壤学报,2014,51(5):921-933.
[5] 张云伟,徐智,汤利,等.不同有机肥对烤烟根际土壤微生物的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(9):2551-2556.
[6] 田佳,安德荣,雷超,等.陕西烟田病害种类调查[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(5):57-62.
[7] Pramanik B K,Gao Y,Fan L,et al.Antiscaling effect of polyaspartic acid and its derivative for RO membranes used for saline wastewater and brackish water desalination[J].Desalination,2017,404:224-229.
[8] Wang C,Chen J X,Han J,et al.Enhanced corrosion inhibition performance of novel modified polyaspartic acid on carbon steel in HCl solution[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2019,771:736-746.
[9] Vikneshvaran S,Velmathi S.Reinforcement of low-carbon steel against corrosion in acidic condition by some Schiff bases:Experimental and theoretical studies[J].Materials and Corrosion,2018,69(8):1084-1094.
[10] 肖凤龙,卫民,赵剑.聚天冬氨酸合成与应用研究进展[J].生物质化学工程,2014,48(6):50-55.
[11] 唐会会,许艳丽,王庆燕,等.聚天门冬氨酸螯合氮肥减量基施对东北春玉米的增效机制[J].作物学报,2019,45(3):431-442.
[12] Wang Q Y,Tang H H,Li G Y,et al.Polyaspartic acid improves maize (Zea mays L.) seedling nitrogen assimilation mainly by enhancing nitrate reductase activity[J].Agronomy,2018,8(9):9-25.
[13] Ju O,Lee J H,Choi B R,et al.Effects of PAA (Polyaspartic acid) contained complex fertilizer on rice growth and CH4 emission from rice cultivation[J].Korean Journal of Crop Science,2013,22(6):705-711.
[14] Deng F,Wang L,Ren W J,et al.Optimized nitrogen managements and polyaspartic acid urea improved dry matter production and yield of indica hybrid rice[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2015,145:1-9.
[15] 孙克刚,和爱玲,张运红,等.聚天门冬氨酸包裹尿素对冬小麦增产效果研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015,53(4):128-130.
[16] 高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:91-93.
[17] 霍昭光,孙志浩,邢雪霞,等.北方烟区水肥一体化对烤烟生长、根系形态、生理及光合特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(9):1317-1325.
[18] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:42-48,264-268.
[19] 王国栋,肖元松,彭福田,等.纳米碳对草莓氮素吸收利用及植株生长的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(5):335-340,351.
[20] Bunce J A.Effects of pulses of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on stomatal conductance and photosynthesis in wheat and rice[J].Physiologia Plantarum,2013,149(2):214-221.
[21] Zhang X,Madi S,Borsuk L,et al.Laser microdissection of narrow sheath mutant maize uncovers novel gene expression in the shoot apical meristem[J].Plosgenet,2007,3(6):e101.
[22] Tsuge T.Two independent and polarized processes of cell elongation regulate leaf blade expansion in Arabidopsis thaliana L.Heynh[J].Development,1996,122(5):1589-1596.
[23] 时向东,刘艳芳,文志强,等.打顶对烟株根系活力及内源激素含量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(2):143-147.
[24] 许自成,张婷,马聪,等.打顶后烤烟叶片酶活性、钾及烟碱含量的调控技术研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(5):701-705.
[25] 王忠.植物生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2009:128-129,188-190,195,218.
[26] 周建朝,范晶,王孝纯,等.磷胁迫下不同基因型甜菜的光合特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(4):910-916.
[27] 曹本福,桂阳,祖庆学,等.减量施肥下聚天冬氨酸对烤烟生长、产量及养分吸收的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2018,39(5):57-63.
[28] 陶虎春,黄君礼,杨士林,等.聚天冬氨酸的环境影响研究[J].环境科学研究,2004,15(5):32-34,59.
[29] Deng F,Wang L,Ren W J,et al.Enhancing nitrogen utilization and soil nitrogen balance in paddy fields by optimizing nitrogen management and using polyaspartic acid urea[J].Field Crops Research,2014,169:30-38.
[30] Deng F,Wang L,Mei X F,et al.Polyaspartic acid (PASP)-urea and optimised nitrogen management increase the grain nitrogen concentration of rice[J].Scientific Reports,2019,9:e313.
[31] 侯晓娜,王旭.黄腐酸和聚天冬氨酸对蕹菜氮素吸收及氮肥去向的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014,51(1):48-52.
[32] 凌寿军,谢玉华,曾晓娥.4种土壤的养分供给特性及烟株对肥料的利用率研究[J].中国烟草科学,2003,24(3):11-13.
[33] 李玥,赖勇林,王军,等.不同养分缺乏对烤烟根系形态及营养生长的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2015,36(2):60-65.
[34] 陈倩,李洪娜,门永阁,等.不同聚天冬氨酸水平对盆栽平邑甜茶幼苗生长及15N-尿素利用与损失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(1):126-129.
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