氮磷添加对考来木光合特性和叶绿素荧光的影响
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摘要
氮磷是植物生长的关键养分因子,对植物的生长发育非常重要。通过梯度施肥试验,研究了土壤添加氮磷对考来木Correa carmen光合生理参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明:(1)单施磷肥,考来木叶片叶绿素质量分数、净光合速率(P_n)及荧光最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)等光合效率指标随着磷肥施用量的增加而下降,初始荧光(F_o)和非光化学猝灭系数(q_(NP))等光能耗散指标则随着磷肥施用量的增加而增加。(2)单施氮肥,考来木叶片光合效率指标随着氮肥施用量的增加而增加;当氮肥施用量达247.9 mg·kg~(-1)后,考来木的光合效率随着氮肥施用量的增加而下降。光能耗散指标则呈相反趋势。(3)磷肥的施用效果随着施氮量的增大而提高,氮肥的施用效果随着施磷量的增大而先升后降,其中低氮高磷和低磷高氮的施肥处理均降低考来木的光合效率。在氮肥施用量为247.9 mg·kg~(-1),磷肥施用量为36.3 mg·kg~(-1)的施肥组合下,考来木的光合效率最高。表明氮磷均具有提高考来木光合效率的作用,但考来木对磷反应敏感、需求量低,在低氮土壤中增施磷肥可降低考来木的光合效率;若氮磷同时增施,可显著提高考来木的光合效率,两者最佳配比为m(氮)∶m(磷)=6.83∶1.00。图2表2参30
To ascertain the effects of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P),key nutrients during plant growth,on Correa carmen,twelve gradient fertilization experiments were designed,and the photosynthetic physiological parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of C.carmen leaves were determined.The seedlings of C carmen were planted in pots with different amount of N fertilizer(NH_4NO_3)and P fertilizer(NaH_2PO_4·2H_2O)P fertilizer doses(calculated by PO_4~(3-))were 0,36.3,56.3 mg·kg~(-1),respectively.N fertilizer doses(calculated by N)were 0,197.9,247.9 and 297.9 mg·kg~(-1),respectively.After 1 month,4 months and 7 months respectively,the photosynthetic physiological parameters of seedling leaves were measured by the CIRAS-3 portable photosynthesis system,such as net photosynthetic rate(P_n),stomatal conductance(G_s),transpiration rate(T_r)etc.At the same time,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured by imaging modulation PAM-2500chlorophyll fluorescence spectrometer,too,such as initial fluorescence(F_o),maximum fluorescence(F_m),maximum photochemical efficiency(F_v/F_m),photochemical quenching coefficient(q_P),non-photochemical quenching coefficient(q_(NP)),etc.Then N and P contents of leaves were determined by Kjeldahl method and Molybdenum antimony anti-absorption spectrophotometry method,chlorophyll contents were determined by acetone and ethanol mixture extraction method.The variation of experimental data was analyzed by ANOVA and multiple comparison,and the multiple comparison was analyzed by the least significant difference method(LSD).Results showed that(1)with added P fertilizer alone,the photosynthetic efficiency indexes of C.carmen leaves including chlorophyll content,P_n,and F_v/F_mdecreased(P<0.05),but light dissipation indexes including F_0and non-photochemical quenching(q_(NP))extinction coefficient increased(P<0.05).(2)With added N fertilizer alone,as dose increased to 247.9 mg·kg~(-1),photosynthetic efficiency indexes increased(P<0.05)but decreased(P<0.05)as the dose exceed it.The light dissipation index showed the opposite trend.(3)The application effect of P fertilizer increased with an increase dose of N fertilizer,and the application effect of N fertilizer increased(P<0.05)first and then decreased(P<0.05)with an increased dose of P fertilizer.With less N fertilizer but more P fertilizer or with less P fertilizer but more N fertilizer,the photosynthetic efficiency of C.carmen leaves decreased significantly(P<0.01).Photosynthetic efficiency indexes were highest when N fertilizer dose was 247.9 mg·kg~(-1)and P fertilizer dose was 36.3 mg·kg~(-1).Thus,C.carmen was sensitive to P with a low demand,and when adding P fertilizer to low-N soils,the photosynthesis efficiency indexes of C.carmen decreased,but when both N fertilizer and P fertilizers were added,they increased greatly.[Ch,2 fig.2 tab.30ref.]
To ascertain the effects of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P),key nutrients during plant growth,on Correa carmen,twelve gradient fertilization experiments were designed,and the photosynthetic physiological parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of C.carmen leaves were determined.The seedlings of C carmen were planted in pots with different amount of N fertilizer(NH_4NO_3)and P fertilizer(NaH_2PO_4·2H_2O)P fertilizer doses(calculated by PO_4~(3-))were 0,36.3,56.3 mg·kg~(-1),respectively.N fertilizer doses(calculated by N)were 0,197.9,247.9 and 297.9 mg·kg~(-1),respectively.After 1 month,4 months and 7 months respectively,the photosynthetic physiological parameters of seedling leaves were measured by the CIRAS-3 portable photosynthesis system,such as net photosynthetic rate(P_n),stomatal conductance(G_s),transpiration rate(T_r)etc.At the same time,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured by imaging modulation PAM-2500chlorophyll fluorescence spectrometer,too,such as initial fluorescence(F_o),maximum fluorescence(F_m),maximum photochemical efficiency(F_v/F_m),photochemical quenching coefficient(q_P),non-photochemical quenching coefficient(q_(NP)),etc.Then N and P contents of leaves were determined by Kjeldahl method and Molybdenum antimony anti-absorption spectrophotometry method,chlorophyll contents were determined by acetone and ethanol mixture extraction method.The variation of experimental data was analyzed by ANOVA and multiple comparison,and the multiple comparison was analyzed by the least significant difference method(LSD).Results showed that(1)with added P fertilizer alone,the photosynthetic efficiency indexes of C.carmen leaves including chlorophyll content,P_n,and F_v/F_mdecreased(P<0.05),but light dissipation indexes including F_0and non-photochemical quenching(q_(NP))extinction coefficient increased(P<0.05).(2)With added N fertilizer alone,as dose increased to 247.9 mg·kg~(-1),photosynthetic efficiency indexes increased(P<0.05)but decreased(P<0.05)as the dose exceed it.The light dissipation index showed the opposite trend.(3)The application effect of P fertilizer increased with an increase dose of N fertilizer,and the application effect of N fertilizer increased(P<0.05)first and then decreased(P<0.05)with an increased dose of P fertilizer.With less N fertilizer but more P fertilizer or with less P fertilizer but more N fertilizer,the photosynthetic efficiency of C.carmen leaves decreased significantly(P<0.01).Photosynthetic efficiency indexes were highest when N fertilizer dose was 247.9 mg·kg~(-1)and P fertilizer dose was 36.3 mg·kg~(-1).Thus,C.carmen was sensitive to P with a low demand,and when adding P fertilizer to low-N soils,the photosynthesis efficiency indexes of C.carmen decreased,but when both N fertilizer and P fertilizers were added,they increased greatly.[Ch,2 fig.2 tab.30ref.]
引文
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[17]张薇,付昀,李季芳,等.基于凯氏定氮法与杜马斯燃烧法测定土壤全氮的比较研究[J].中国农学通报,2015, 31(35):172-175.ZHANG Wei, FU Yun, LI Jifang, et al. Comparative study on Kjeldahl method and Dumas Combustion method for total nitrogen measurement in soil[J]. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2015, 31(35):172-175.
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[20]李曼,靳冰洁,钟全林,等.氮磷添加对刨花楠幼苗叶片N, P化学计量特征的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报, 2016, 22(2):285-291.LI Man, JIN Bingjie, ZHONG Quanlin, et al. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on leaf N and P stoichiometric characteristics of Machilus pauhoi seedlings[J]. Chin J Appl Environ Biol, 2016, 22(2):285-291.
[21]WANG Changting, LONG Ruijun, WANG Qilan, et al. Fertilization and litter effects on the functional group biomass,species diversity of plants, microbial biomass, and enzyme activity of two alpine meadow communities[J]. Plant Soil,2010, 331(1/2):337-389.
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[2]VITOUSEK P M, PORDER S, HOULTON B Z, et al. Terrestrial phosphorus limitation:mechanisms, implications, and nitrogenphosphorus interactions[J]. Ecol Appl, 2010, 20(1):5-15.
[3]张仁懿,徐当会,杨智永,等.植物N∶P化学计量特征对亚高寒草甸限制类型的指示作用研究[J].中国草地学报, 2014, 36(3):79-83.ZHANG Renyi, XU Danghui, YANG Zhiyong, et al. The indicative function of N∶P stoichiometry characteristics on the nutrient limitation on the subalpine grassland[J]. Chin J Grassl, 2014, 36(3):79-83.
[4]荣戗戗,刘京涛,夏江宝,等.莱州湾湿地柽柳叶片N, P生态化学计量学特征[J].生态学杂志, 2012, 31(12):3032-3037.RONG Qiangqiang, LIU Jingtao, XIA Jiangbao, et al. Leaf N and P stoichiometry of Tamarix chinensis L. in Laizhou Bay wetland, Shandong Province of East China[J]. Chin J Ecol, 2012, 31(12):3032-3037.
[5]罗亲普,龚吉蕊,徐沙,等.氮磷添加对内蒙古温带典型草原净氮矿化的影响[J].植物生态学报, 2016, 40(5):480-492.LUO Qinpu, GONG Jirui, XU Sha, et al. Effects of N and P additions on net nitrogen mineralization in temperate typical grasslands in Nei Mongol, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2016, 40(5):480-492.
[6]杨晓霞,任飞,周华坤,等.青藏高原高寒草甸植物群落生物量对氮、磷添加的响应[J].植物生态学报,2014, 38(2):159-166.YANG Xiaoxia, REN Fei, ZHOU Huakun, et al. Responses of plant community biomass to nitrogen and phosphorus additions in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2014, 38(2):159-166.
[7]陈慧敏,石福习,杨桂生,等.养分添加对三江平原沼泽化草甸植物群落组成和地上生物量的影响[J].生态学杂志, 2016, 35(6):1440-1446.CHEN Huimin, SHI Fuxi, YANG Guisheng, et al. Effects of nutrient addition on plant community composition and aboveground biomass in a marshy meadow in the Sanjiang Plain[J]. Chin J Ecol, 2016, 35(6):1440-1446.
[8]HIDAKA A, KITAYAMA K. Divergent patterns of photosynthetic phosphorus-use efficiency versus nitrogen-use efficiency of tree leaves along nutrient-availability gradients[J]. J Ecol, 2009, 97(5):984-991.
[9]白雪,程军回,郑淑霞,等.典型草原建群种羊草对氮磷添加的生理生态响应[J].植物生态学报, 2014, 38(2):103-115.BAI Xue, CHENG Junhui, ZHENG Shuxia, et al. Ecophysiological responses of Leymus chinensis to nitrogen and phosphorus additions in a typical steppe[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2014, 38(2):103-115.
[10]韦莉莉,卢昌熠,丁晶,等.丛枝菌根真菌参与下植物-土壤系统的养分交流及调控[J].生态学报, 2016, 36(14):4233-4243.WEI Lili, LU Changyi, DING Jing, et al. Functional relationships between arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts and nutrient dynamics in plant-soil-microbe system[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2016, 36(14):4233-4243.
[11]LI Su, LIU Wenyao, LI Dawen. Bole epiphytic lichens as potential indicators of environmental change in subtropical forest ecosystems in southwest China[J]. Ecol Indic, 2013, 29:93-104.
[12]ELUMEEVA T G, ONIPCHENKO V G, WU Y. Leaf functional traits of plants of alpine pastures at the Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Moscow Univ Biol Sci Bull, 2015, 70(1):46-52.
[13]盘远方,陈兴彬,姜勇,等.桂林岩溶石山灌丛植物叶功能性状和土壤因子对坡向的响应[J].生态学报,2018, 38(5):1581-1589.PAN Yuanfang, CHEN Xingbin, JIANG Yong, et al. Changes in leaf functional traits and soil environmental factors in response to slope gradient in Karst hills of Guilin[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2018, 38(5):1581-1589.
[14]吕秀立.冬之精灵:考来木[J].园林, 2011(6):76.L譈Xiuli. Winter elf:Correa carmen[J]. Garden, 2011(6):76.
[15]吕秀立.考来木离体培养及产业化研究[J].园林科技, 2013(2):11-13.L譈Xiuli. Study on culturing and industrialization of Correa carmen in vitro[J]. Sci Technol Landscape Archi, 2013(2):11-13.
[16]张志录,刘中华,陈明辉,等.高温干旱胁迫下考来木幼苗的生理响应[J].北方园艺, 2017(19):81-88.ZHANG Zhilu, LIU Zhonghua, CHEN Minghui, et al. Physiology response of Correa carmen seedlings to combined elevated temperature and drought stress[J]. North Hortic, 2017(19):81-88.
[17]张薇,付昀,李季芳,等.基于凯氏定氮法与杜马斯燃烧法测定土壤全氮的比较研究[J].中国农学通报,2015, 31(35):172-175.ZHANG Wei, FU Yun, LI Jifang, et al. Comparative study on Kjeldahl method and Dumas Combustion method for total nitrogen measurement in soil[J]. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2015, 31(35):172-175.
[18]孙俊宝,王建新.樱桃叶绿素含量测定方法研究[J].山西农业科学, 2010, 38(3):18-19, 33.SUN Junbao, WANG Jianxin. Study on method for determination of chlorophyll in cherry leaves[J]. J Shanxi Agric Sci, 2010, 38(3):18-19, 33.
[19]付为国,王凡坤,赵云,等.土壤氮磷化学计量特征对小麦光合气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].西北植物学报, 2016, 36(7):1435-1442.FU Weiguo, WANG Fankun, ZHAO Yun, et al. Effects of soil nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometric characteristics on photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of wheat[J]. Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin, 2016, 36(7):1435-1442.
[20]李曼,靳冰洁,钟全林,等.氮磷添加对刨花楠幼苗叶片N, P化学计量特征的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报, 2016, 22(2):285-291.LI Man, JIN Bingjie, ZHONG Quanlin, et al. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on leaf N and P stoichiometric characteristics of Machilus pauhoi seedlings[J]. Chin J Appl Environ Biol, 2016, 22(2):285-291.
[21]WANG Changting, LONG Ruijun, WANG Qilan, et al. Fertilization and litter effects on the functional group biomass,species diversity of plants, microbial biomass, and enzyme activity of two alpine meadow communities[J]. Plant Soil,2010, 331(1/2):337-389.
[22]LIEB A M, DARROUZET, NARDI A, et al. Nitrogen deposition decreases acid buffering capacity of alpine soils in the southern Rocky Montains[J]. Geoderma, 2011, 164(3/4):220-224.
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