安德烈·高兹生态社会主义理论的多维透视
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摘要
随着全球经济的迅猛发展,生态持续恶化、资源约束趋紧、自然承载力下降等生态难题日益突出。在当代世界性生态问题凸显的大背景下,安德烈·高兹将生态学与社会主义紧密结合起来,在借鉴吸收萨特存在主义、马克思主义理论以及法兰克福学派科学技术思想的基础上,形成了生态社会主义理论。安德烈·高兹的生态社会主义理论在揭示资本主义制度及其生产方式是导致当前全球生态危机爆发的现实根源的基础上,把生态危机与资本主义联系起来,明确指出生态危机不是纯粹意义上的自然科学问题,系统论述资本主义生态、社会发展的不可再生性和不可持续性,对资本主义的劳动分工、利润动机、经济理性进行全景式地批判、解构和超越,有效诠释先进的社会主义——生态社会主义是保护生态环境的最佳选择。安德烈·高兹突出强调,要消除资本主义的生态危机、社会危机以及其他危机,必须超越资本主义经济理性,建构以生态理性为基本特征的新型生态社会主义社会,这样才能实现人类的真正自由和人与自然历史性的统一。这也彰显了安德烈·高兹作为一个生态社会主义者、生态学马克思主义者超越一般环境保护主义者的理论视野和基本立场,对新时代我国生态文明建设具有重大理论和实践意义。
With the burgeoning of economy, ecological problems have become gradually prominent, such as the continuous ecological deterioration, the pressing resources limitation, and the diminishing natural carrying capacity. It is against a backdrop of world ecological problems that Andre Gorz, combining ecology with Socialism and referring to Existentialism of Sartre, the theory of Marxism and the thoughts of scientific technology from Frankfurt School, formulated the"eco-socialism", which reveals that capitalist system and ways of production are the source of the current ecological crises. By relating capitalism with ecological crises,he pointed out that ecological crisis couldn't be ascribed easily to scientific technology and systematically discussed the non-renewability and unsustainability of capitalist ecology and social development, and panoramically criticized, deconstructed and transcended the division of labor, profit motive, and economic rationality of capitalism, and effectively interpreted advanced socialism——ecological socialism, which is the best choice for ecological environment protection. He emphasized that to eliminate the ecological crises, social crises and other crises of capitalism, we must transcend capitalist economic rationality and construct a new ecological socialist society with ecological rationality as the basic feature, so as to realize the true freedom of mankind, the historical unity of human and nature. Seen from his theory, Andre Gorz, as an eco-socialist and an eco-Marxist, has transcended common environmental protectionists in terms of theoretical horizon and fundamental stand. His theory is of great theoretical and practical significance for ecological civilization construction in China in the new era.
With the burgeoning of economy, ecological problems have become gradually prominent, such as the continuous ecological deterioration, the pressing resources limitation, and the diminishing natural carrying capacity. It is against a backdrop of world ecological problems that Andre Gorz, combining ecology with Socialism and referring to Existentialism of Sartre, the theory of Marxism and the thoughts of scientific technology from Frankfurt School, formulated the"eco-socialism", which reveals that capitalist system and ways of production are the source of the current ecological crises. By relating capitalism with ecological crises,he pointed out that ecological crisis couldn't be ascribed easily to scientific technology and systematically discussed the non-renewability and unsustainability of capitalist ecology and social development, and panoramically criticized, deconstructed and transcended the division of labor, profit motive, and economic rationality of capitalism, and effectively interpreted advanced socialism——ecological socialism, which is the best choice for ecological environment protection. He emphasized that to eliminate the ecological crises, social crises and other crises of capitalism, we must transcend capitalist economic rationality and construct a new ecological socialist society with ecological rationality as the basic feature, so as to realize the true freedom of mankind, the historical unity of human and nature. Seen from his theory, Andre Gorz, as an eco-socialist and an eco-Marxist, has transcended common environmental protectionists in terms of theoretical horizon and fundamental stand. His theory is of great theoretical and practical significance for ecological civilization construction in China in the new era.
引文
[1]陈学明.谁是罪魁祸首--追寻生态危机的根源[M].北京:人民出版社,2012.
[2]Andre Gorz.The division of labour:the labour process and class-struggle in modern capitalism[M].Sussex:The Harvester Press,1976:Ⅶ.
[3]马克思.资本论:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2004:417-418.
[4]马克思恩格斯文集:第8卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:174.
[5]Andre Gorz.Ecology as politics[M].Trans.Pasty Vigderman,Jonathan Cloud.Boston:South End Press,1980.
[6]余维海.生态危机的困境与消解--当代马克思主义生态学表达[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2012:65.
[7]俞吾金,陈学明.国外马克思主义哲学流派新编·西方马克思主义卷[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2002:599.
[8]Andre Gorz.Critique of economic reason[M].Trans.Gillion Handyside,Chris Turner.London and New York:Verso Books,1989.
[9]朱波.生态学马克思主义思想研究[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江大学出版社;北京:北京大学出版社,2016:116.
[2]Andre Gorz.The division of labour:the labour process and class-struggle in modern capitalism[M].Sussex:The Harvester Press,1976:Ⅶ.
[3]马克思.资本论:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2004:417-418.
[4]马克思恩格斯文集:第8卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:174.
[5]Andre Gorz.Ecology as politics[M].Trans.Pasty Vigderman,Jonathan Cloud.Boston:South End Press,1980.
[6]余维海.生态危机的困境与消解--当代马克思主义生态学表达[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2012:65.
[7]俞吾金,陈学明.国外马克思主义哲学流派新编·西方马克思主义卷[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2002:599.
[8]Andre Gorz.Critique of economic reason[M].Trans.Gillion Handyside,Chris Turner.London and New York:Verso Books,1989.
[9]朱波.生态学马克思主义思想研究[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江大学出版社;北京:北京大学出版社,2016:116.
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