生物质炭对不同质地镉污染土壤性质及有效镉的影响
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摘要
[目的]研究生物质炭对不同质地镉污染土壤理化性质及有效镉的影响。[方法]按照不同比例配置成砂土、壤土及黏土3种质地的镉污染土壤,通过添加不同比例的生物质炭,模拟研究不同添加量生物质炭对不同质地镉污染土壤pH、EC、有机质、含水率及有效镉含量的影响。[结果]生物质炭尽管提高了不同质地土壤pH,但是没有显著性影响;土壤EC值、有机质含量和含水率均随生物质炭添加量的增加而显著增加。当生物质炭添加量低于4%时,土壤有效镉随着生物质炭添加量的增加呈显著降低,进一步提高生物质炭添加量时土壤有效镉含量变化不明显。和对照相比,当土壤中生物质炭的添加量为2%、4%、8%时,砂土有效镉分别减少2.09%、7.94%、14.50%,壤土分别减少24.00%、32.60%、35.00%;黏土分别减少41.80%、58.80%、63.20%。[结论]该研究为生物质炭在不同质地镉污染土壤中的应用提供理论依据。
[Objective] This study was to explore the effects of biochar on soil physical and chemical properties of cadmium contaminated soils and the effective cadmium. [Method] Three types of cadmium contaminated soils(sandy, loam and clay soils) were arranged in different proportions. By adding different proportions of biochar, change of pH, EC, organic matter and water content and effective cadmium content in three types of cadmium contaminated soils were studied in this experiment. [Result]pH increased with increasing biochar content,but biochar had no significant effect on soil pH value.The soil EC, organic matter content and water content increased significantly with increasing biochar content. When the amount of biochar was less than 4%, the soil effective cadmium decreased significantly with increasing biochar. However, change of available cadmium content in soil was not obvious when the amount of biochar was further increased. Compared with the control, when the amount of biomass carbon added in the soil was 2%, 4%, and 8%, the effective cadmium in sandy soil decreased by 2.09%, 7.94%, 14.50%, the loam soil decreased 24.00%, 32.60% and 35.00%, and the clay decreased 41.80%, 58.80% and 63.20% respectively. [Conclusion] This study can provide a theoretical basis for the application of biochar in heterogeneous cadmium contaminated soil.
[Objective] This study was to explore the effects of biochar on soil physical and chemical properties of cadmium contaminated soils and the effective cadmium. [Method] Three types of cadmium contaminated soils(sandy, loam and clay soils) were arranged in different proportions. By adding different proportions of biochar, change of pH, EC, organic matter and water content and effective cadmium content in three types of cadmium contaminated soils were studied in this experiment. [Result]pH increased with increasing biochar content,but biochar had no significant effect on soil pH value.The soil EC, organic matter content and water content increased significantly with increasing biochar content. When the amount of biochar was less than 4%, the soil effective cadmium decreased significantly with increasing biochar. However, change of available cadmium content in soil was not obvious when the amount of biochar was further increased. Compared with the control, when the amount of biomass carbon added in the soil was 2%, 4%, and 8%, the effective cadmium in sandy soil decreased by 2.09%, 7.94%, 14.50%, the loam soil decreased 24.00%, 32.60% and 35.00%, and the clay decreased 41.80%, 58.80% and 63.20% respectively. [Conclusion] This study can provide a theoretical basis for the application of biochar in heterogeneous cadmium contaminated soil.
引文
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[8] 赵青青,王海波,史静.生物质炭对Cd污染土壤根际微团聚体Cd形态转化的影响[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(3):555-561.
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[14] 徐慧洁,杨静慧,刘艳军,等.盐胁迫对野生樱桃幼苗生长的影响及其耐盐性分析[J].中国南方果树,2014,43(3):39-42.
[15] 张继旭,张继光,张忠锋,等.秸秆生物炭对烤烟生长发育、土壤有机碳及酶活性的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(5):16-21.
[16] LONG A H,NAJAR G R,GANIE M A,et al.Biochar for sustainable soil health:A review of prospects and concerns[J].Pedosphere,2015,25(5):639-653.
[17] 郭茜,陆扣萍,胡国涛,等.死猪炭和竹炭对菜地土壤理化性质和蔬菜产量的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2017,34(2):244-252.
[18] 吕一甲,屈忠义.生物炭肥料对河套灌区耕层土壤肥力及含水率影响的研究[J].节水灌溉,2015(3):18-21.
[19] 赵青青,陈蕾伊,史静.生物质炭对重金属土壤环境行为及影响机制研究进展[J].环境科学导刊,2017,36(2):12-18.
[20] 王丹丹,郑纪勇,颜永毫,等.生物炭对宁南山区土壤持水性能影响的定位研究[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(2):101-104.
[21] 章明奎,BAYOU W D,唐红娟.生物质炭对土壤有机质活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(2):127-131,137.
[22] LAIRD D A,FAEMING P,DAVIS D D.Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil[J].Geoderma,2010,158(3/4):443-449.
[23] 徐艳,史高琦,王曙光.生物炭在土壤污染修复中的应用[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(26):120-122,146.
[2] ANTAL M J,GRONLI M.The art, science, and technology of charcoal production [J]. Industrial and engineering chemistry research,2003,42(8):1619-1640.
[3] 孙贇,SHAABANM,何志龙,等.生物质炭对茶园土壤改良及茶叶品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(6):9-14.
[4] DING Y,LIU Y G,LIU S B,et al.Biochar to improve soil fertility:A review [J].Agronomy for sustainable development,2016,36(2):1-18.
[5] ROGOVSKA N,LAIRD D,CRUSE R M,et al.Germination tests for assessing biochar quality [J].Journal of environmental quality,2012,41(4):1014-1022.
[6] 韩召强,陈效民,曲成闯,等.生物质炭施用对潮土理化性状、酶活性及黄瓜产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):272-278.
[7] 张小凯,何丽芝,陆扣萍,等.生物质炭修复重金属及有机物污染土壤的研究进展[J].土壤,2013,45(6):970-977.
[8] 赵青青,王海波,史静.生物质炭对Cd污染土壤根际微团聚体Cd形态转化的影响[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(3):555-561.
[9] 环境保护部和国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[R].北京:环境保护部,2014.
[10] 曾咏梅,毛昆明,李永梅.土壤中镉污染的危害及其防治对策[J].云南农业大学学报,2005,20(3):360-365.
[11] 吴克宁,赵瑞.土壤质地分类及其在我国应用探讨[J].土壤学报,2019(1):1-17.
[12] 钱宝,刘凌,肖潇.土壤有机质测定方法对比分析[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(1):34-38.
[13] 韩剑宏,李艳伟,姚卫华,等.玉米秸秆和污泥共热解制备的生物质炭及其对盐碱土壤理化性质的影响[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(4):92-98,105.
[14] 徐慧洁,杨静慧,刘艳军,等.盐胁迫对野生樱桃幼苗生长的影响及其耐盐性分析[J].中国南方果树,2014,43(3):39-42.
[15] 张继旭,张继光,张忠锋,等.秸秆生物炭对烤烟生长发育、土壤有机碳及酶活性的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(5):16-21.
[16] LONG A H,NAJAR G R,GANIE M A,et al.Biochar for sustainable soil health:A review of prospects and concerns[J].Pedosphere,2015,25(5):639-653.
[17] 郭茜,陆扣萍,胡国涛,等.死猪炭和竹炭对菜地土壤理化性质和蔬菜产量的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2017,34(2):244-252.
[18] 吕一甲,屈忠义.生物炭肥料对河套灌区耕层土壤肥力及含水率影响的研究[J].节水灌溉,2015(3):18-21.
[19] 赵青青,陈蕾伊,史静.生物质炭对重金属土壤环境行为及影响机制研究进展[J].环境科学导刊,2017,36(2):12-18.
[20] 王丹丹,郑纪勇,颜永毫,等.生物炭对宁南山区土壤持水性能影响的定位研究[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(2):101-104.
[21] 章明奎,BAYOU W D,唐红娟.生物质炭对土壤有机质活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(2):127-131,137.
[22] LAIRD D A,FAEMING P,DAVIS D D.Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil[J].Geoderma,2010,158(3/4):443-449.
[23] 徐艳,史高琦,王曙光.生物炭在土壤污染修复中的应用[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(26):120-122,146.