广州市城市绿地空间格局及其关联性分析
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摘要
城市绿地的空间格局影响其向市民提供各种生态服务的能力,以广州市为研究区域,利用1993—2013年中的共11期TM影像数据和DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像数据,结合ArcGIS、ENVI、FRASTSTS等软件,在不同条件下划定城区范围,对这20年内广州市的城市绿地空间格局进行动态分析。然后建立土地集约利用的指标体系,与绿地空间格局的衡量指标做灰色关联分析,以明确两个系统之间的关联性。景观格局指数结果表明:1993年—2013年,广州市的城市绿地覆盖率、平均斑块大小、平均面积加权的形状指数和聚集度总体下降,斑块密度、平均最临近距离总体上升,说明广州市城市绿地呈现覆盖度下降、破碎化和规则化的趋势,且程度高低和变化幅度与空间上到建成区距离显著相关。灰色关联分析结果显示:与绿地空间格局变化关联的指标中,地均房地产开发投资额和地均市政公用设施建设固定资产投资额最高,地均社会消费品零售总额次之,说明房地产开发、政府主导的市政设施建设是土地集约利用体系中关联程度最高的两项活动,商业服务业的发展也具有一定程度的影响。研究结果可为研究区域制定规划和相关政策提供依据。
Spatial pattern of urban green space exerts direct influences on the provision of ecosystem services. In this article, we took Guangzhou City as a case study, and explored landscape changes of green spaces during the period of 1993-2013. The landscape pattern indices were calculated using Landsat TM images and DMSP/OLS night light images in the geographic information system software. The land use intensification of the city was evaluated based on a multiple criteria decision analysis,and then its relationship with the distribution of urban green spaces was analyzed using the grey correlation analysis approach.The results exhibited the decrease of PlAND, MPS, AWMSI and AI and the increase of PD and MNN from 1993 to 2013,indicating the trend of coverage decline, fragmentation and shape regularization of urban green spaces in Guangzhou. Moreover,the landscape change of urban green spaces was significantly correlated with the distance to the built-up areas. The grey correlation analysis revealed the real estate development investment per square kilometer and municipal public facilities constructions of fixed assets investment per square kilometer were the top 2 indexes among several indexes related to the changes of green space, and social consumable total retail sales per square kilometer was the secondary. Land use intensification of Guangzhou was highly correlated with real estate development and government-led municipal construction, and had a moderate correlation with the development of commerce and service industries. Our studies are expected to provide a support for urban planning and policy making in Guangzhou City.
Spatial pattern of urban green space exerts direct influences on the provision of ecosystem services. In this article, we took Guangzhou City as a case study, and explored landscape changes of green spaces during the period of 1993-2013. The landscape pattern indices were calculated using Landsat TM images and DMSP/OLS night light images in the geographic information system software. The land use intensification of the city was evaluated based on a multiple criteria decision analysis,and then its relationship with the distribution of urban green spaces was analyzed using the grey correlation analysis approach.The results exhibited the decrease of PlAND, MPS, AWMSI and AI and the increase of PD and MNN from 1993 to 2013,indicating the trend of coverage decline, fragmentation and shape regularization of urban green spaces in Guangzhou. Moreover,the landscape change of urban green spaces was significantly correlated with the distance to the built-up areas. The grey correlation analysis revealed the real estate development investment per square kilometer and municipal public facilities constructions of fixed assets investment per square kilometer were the top 2 indexes among several indexes related to the changes of green space, and social consumable total retail sales per square kilometer was the secondary. Land use intensification of Guangzhou was highly correlated with real estate development and government-led municipal construction, and had a moderate correlation with the development of commerce and service industries. Our studies are expected to provide a support for urban planning and policy making in Guangzhou City.
引文
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[18]干晓宇,李建龙,刘旭,等.南京市绿地结构变化的遥感监测及驱动力分析[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,31(3):73-77.
[19]李孟桐,杨令宾,魏冶.高斯两步移动搜索法的模型研究--以上海市绿地可达性为例[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(8):990-996.
[20]许基伟,方世明,刘春燕.基于G2SFCA的武汉市中心城区公园绿地空间公平性分析[J].资源科学,2017,39(3):430-440.
[21]吴健生,司梦林,李卫锋.供需平衡视角下的城市公园绿地空间公平性分析--以深圳市福田区为例[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(9):2831-2838.
[22]曹伟超,鲁小丫,马月伟,等.基于多时相夜间灯光数据的城市建成区提取研究--以西南地区为例[J].测绘工程,2014,23(12):48-51.
[23]阳文锐.北京城市景观格局时空变化及驱动力[J].生态学报,2015,35(13):4357-4366.
[24]马琳,陆玉麒.南京市主城区公园绿地景观格局分析[J].地域研究与开发,2010,29(3):73-76.
[25]刘常富,李京泽,李小马,等.基于模拟景观的城市森林景观格局指数选取[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(5):1125-1131.
[26]陶志红.城市土地集约利用几个基本问题的探讨[J].中国土地科学,2000,14(5):1-5.
[27]谢敏,郝晋珉,丁忠义,等.城市土地集约利用内涵及其评价指标体系研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2006,11(5):117-120.
[28]孙芳芳.浅议灰色关联度分析方法及其应用[J].科技信息,2010,2(17):886-888.
[29]王振山,张绍良,陈浮,等.城市土地集约利用与生态利用灰色关联分析[J].地域研究与开发,2017,36(4):121-124.
[2]ONISHI A,XIN C,ITO T,et al.Evaluating the potential for urban heat-island mitigation by greening parking lots.[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2010,9(4):323-332.
[3]DAVIES Z G,EDMONDSON J L,HEINEMEYER A,et al.Mapping an urban ecosystem service:quantifying aboveground carbon storage at a city-wide scale[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,48(5):1125-1134.
[4]MAAS J,VERHEIJ R A,GROENEWEGEN P P,et al.Green space,urbanity,and health:how strong is the relation?[J].Journal of Epidemiology&Community Health,2006,60(7):587-592.
[5]周志翔,邵天一,唐万鹏,等.城市绿地空间格局及其环境效应--以宜昌市中心城区为例[J].生态学报,2004,24(2):186-192.
[6]陈秋晓,侯焱,吴霜.机会公平视角下绍兴城市公园绿地可达性评价[J].地理科学,2016,36(3):375-383.
[7]吴为廉,陆伟宏.高质量城市绿地空间景观规划设计对策--上海普陀区长寿路公共游憩绿地规划设计[J].规划师,2000,16(5):19-23.
[8]陈希,王克林,祁向坤,等.湘江流域景观格局变化及生态服务价值响应[J].经济地理,2016,36(5):175-181.
[9]孔繁花,尹海伟,刘金勇,等.城市绿地降温效应研究进展与展望[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(1):171-181.
[10]张云路,李雄.基于城市绿地系统空间布局优化的城市通风廊道规划探索--以晋中市为例[J].城市发展研究,2017,24(5):35-41.
[11]吴健生,司梦林,李卫锋.供需平衡视角下的城市公园绿地空间公平性分析--以深圳市福田区为例[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(9):2831-2838.
[12]孙樱.城市老年休闲绿地系统需求分析与建设对策[J].资源科学,2003,25(3):69-76.
[13]杨瑞卿,薛建辉.城市绿地景观格局研究--以徐州市为例[J].人文地理,2006,21(3):14-18.
[14]车生泉,宋永昌.上海城市公园绿地景观格局分析[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2002,20(4):322-327.
[15]邵天一,周志翔,王鹏程,等.宜昌城区绿地景观格局与大气污染的关系[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(4):691-696.
[16]王原,吴泽民,张浩,等.基于RS和GIS的马鞍山市分区城市森林景观格局综合评价[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,30(4):46-52.
[17]杨瑞卿,薛建辉,YANG Ruiqing,等.城市绿地景观格局研究--以徐州市为例[J].人文地理,2006,21(3):14-18
[18]干晓宇,李建龙,刘旭,等.南京市绿地结构变化的遥感监测及驱动力分析[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,31(3):73-77.
[19]李孟桐,杨令宾,魏冶.高斯两步移动搜索法的模型研究--以上海市绿地可达性为例[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(8):990-996.
[20]许基伟,方世明,刘春燕.基于G2SFCA的武汉市中心城区公园绿地空间公平性分析[J].资源科学,2017,39(3):430-440.
[21]吴健生,司梦林,李卫锋.供需平衡视角下的城市公园绿地空间公平性分析--以深圳市福田区为例[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(9):2831-2838.
[22]曹伟超,鲁小丫,马月伟,等.基于多时相夜间灯光数据的城市建成区提取研究--以西南地区为例[J].测绘工程,2014,23(12):48-51.
[23]阳文锐.北京城市景观格局时空变化及驱动力[J].生态学报,2015,35(13):4357-4366.
[24]马琳,陆玉麒.南京市主城区公园绿地景观格局分析[J].地域研究与开发,2010,29(3):73-76.
[25]刘常富,李京泽,李小马,等.基于模拟景观的城市森林景观格局指数选取[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(5):1125-1131.
[26]陶志红.城市土地集约利用几个基本问题的探讨[J].中国土地科学,2000,14(5):1-5.
[27]谢敏,郝晋珉,丁忠义,等.城市土地集约利用内涵及其评价指标体系研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2006,11(5):117-120.
[28]孙芳芳.浅议灰色关联度分析方法及其应用[J].科技信息,2010,2(17):886-888.
[29]王振山,张绍良,陈浮,等.城市土地集约利用与生态利用灰色关联分析[J].地域研究与开发,2017,36(4):121-124.
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