非常规水资源农业利用现状及研究进展
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摘要
由于缺乏合理的水资源管理措施和适当的水处理技术导致淡水资源枯竭和水质恶化问题日益严重,促使再生水、微咸水和雨水等非常规水作为一种新的水资源开发利用方式得到发展,为农业灌溉提供了可靠且稳定的补充水源。然而,非常规水独特的水质特性决定了其农业利用过程中必然会对环境和健康产生众多负面影响,这也成为人们关注的焦点。本文概述了国内外非常规水资源在农业中的利用与研究现状,总结了非常规水资源农业回用的生态风险和相关标准规范,并对非常规水资源农业利用的安全性和可持续性提出相关建议。
Due to poor water resources management and appropriate water treatment technologies, freshwater resources depletion and water quality deterioration has made reclaimed waste water, brackish water and rainwater,called unconventional water, an important complementary resource for irrigation. However, due to its unique chemical quality, irrigating with unconventional water might lead to some detrimental impact on environment and impose health risks, which has attracted increased attention in both scientific and public community. This paper reviews the current situation of the usage of unconventional water resources for irrigation in both China and beyond, and summarized the potentially ecological risks of unconventional water, as well the national standards for regulating unconventional water irrigation. We also put forwards suggestions to improve safe and sustainable use of unconventional water resources for irrigation.
Due to poor water resources management and appropriate water treatment technologies, freshwater resources depletion and water quality deterioration has made reclaimed waste water, brackish water and rainwater,called unconventional water, an important complementary resource for irrigation. However, due to its unique chemical quality, irrigating with unconventional water might lead to some detrimental impact on environment and impose health risks, which has attracted increased attention in both scientific and public community. This paper reviews the current situation of the usage of unconventional water resources for irrigation in both China and beyond, and summarized the potentially ecological risks of unconventional water, as well the national standards for regulating unconventional water irrigation. We also put forwards suggestions to improve safe and sustainable use of unconventional water resources for irrigation.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国水利部. 2017年中国水资源公报[R]. 2017.
[2]胡雅琪，吴文勇.中国农业非常规水资源灌溉现状与发展策略[J].中国工程科学，2018,20(5):77-84.
[3]高传昌，刘兴.城市非常规水资源的应用研究进展[J].灌溉排水学报，2007,26(S1):68-70.
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[40]李金刚，屈忠义，黄永平，等.微咸水膜下滴灌不同灌水下限对盐碱地土壤水盐运移及玉米产量的影响[J].水土保持学报，2017,31(1):217-223.
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[2]胡雅琪，吴文勇.中国农业非常规水资源灌溉现状与发展策略[J].中国工程科学，2018,20(5):77-84.
[3]高传昌，刘兴.城市非常规水资源的应用研究进展[J].灌溉排水学报，2007,26(S1):68-70.
[4] HARDY D, CUBILLO F, HAN M, et al. Alternative water resources:A review of concepts, solutions and experiences[R]. The international water association IWA, Alternative water resources cluster Google Scholar, 2015.
[5] MEKONNEN M M, HOEKSTRA A Y. Four billion people facing severe water scarcity[J]. Science Advances, 2016, 2(2):1500323.
[6]中华人民共和国水利部. 2017年全国水利发展统计公报[R]. 2017.
[7]俞亚平，郑秋丽.北京，33.6亿方污水变资源[J].中外企业文化，2011,(5):31-33.
[8]刘静，高占义.中国利用微咸水灌溉研究与实践进展[J].水利水电技术，2012,43(1):101.
[9]卢增兰，钮溥.加强雨养农业建设，促进旱区农业发展——“全拦降水，就地入渗，高效利用”技术体系的探讨[J].干旱地区农业研究，1996,14(4):79-82.
[10] LIANG X, VAN DIJK M P. Economic and financial analysis on rainwater harvesting for agricultural irrigation in the rural areas of Beijing[J]. Resources,Conservation and Recycling, 2011, 55(11):1 100-1 108.
[11] HE X F, CAO H, LI F M. Econometric analysis of the determinants of adoption of rainwater harvesting and supplementary irrigation technology(RHSIT)in the semiarid Loess Plateau of China[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2007, 89(3):243-250.
[12]陈卫平.美国加州再生水利用经验剖析及对我国的启示[J].环境工程学报，2011,5(5):961-966.
[13] United Nations Environment Programme. Good practices for regulating wastewater treatment:legislation, policies and standards[R]. 2015.
[14] HAMDY A. Sustainable use and management of non-conventional water resources in the arid regions[J]. Acta Horticulturae, 2002, 573:159-174.
[15] LUNDY L, REVITT M, ELLIS B. An impact assessment for urban stormwater use[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018, 25(20):19259-19 270.
[16] NGIGI S N, SAVENIJE H H G, THOME J N, et al. Agro-hydrological evaluation of on-farm rainwater storage systems for supplemental irrigation in Laikipia district, Kenya[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2005, 73(1):21-41.
[17]中华人民共和国水利部.再生水水质标准, SL368—2006[S]. 2006.
[18]郑顺安，陈春，郑向群，等.再生水灌溉对土壤团聚体中有机碳、氮和磷的形态及分布的影响[J].中国环境科学，2012,32(11):2 053-20 59.
[19] CHEN W, WU L, FRANKENBERGER W T, et al. Soil enzyme activities of long-term reclaimed wastewater-irrigated soils[J]. Journal of Environment Quality, 2008, 37(5):36-42.
[20]潘能，侯振安，陈卫平，等.绿地再生水灌溉土壤微生物量碳及酶活性效应研究[J].环境科学，2012,33(12):4 081-4 087.
[21] LU Shibao, ZHANG Xiaoling, LIANG Pei. Influence of drip irrigation by reclaimed water on the dynamic change of the nitrogen element in soil and tomato yield and quality[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016, 139:561-566.
[22]胡超，李平，樊向阳，等.减量追氮对再生水灌溉设施番茄产量及品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报，2013,32(5):104-106.
[23]朱伟，李中阳，高峰.再生水灌溉对不同类型土壤的小白菜水分利用效率及品质的影响[J].河南农业大学学报，2015,49(2):199-202.
[24] INTRIAGO J C, LOPEZ-GALVEZ F, ALLENDE A, et al. Agricultural reuse of municipal wastewater through an integral water reclamation management[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2018, 213:135-141.
[25] HASSANLI A M, EBRAHIMIZADEH M A, BEECHAM S. The effects of irrigation methods with effluent and irrigation scheduling on water use efficiency and corn yields in an arid region[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2009, 96(1):93-99.
[26]周新伟，沈明星，陆长婴，等.再生水灌溉对白菜产量、品质及土壤化学性状的影响[J].江苏农业科学，2014,42(1):130-133.
[27] ASSOULINE S, RUSSO D, SILBER A, et al. Balancing water scarcity and quality for sustainable irrigated agriculture[J]. Water Resources Research,2015, 51(5):3419-3436.
[28] CHIOU R J. Risk assessment and loading capacity of reclaimed wastewater to be reused for agricultural irrigation[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2008, 142(1-3):255-262.
[29]马中昇，谭军利，魏童.中国微咸水利用的地区和作物适应性研究进展[J].灌溉排水学报，2019,38(3):70-75.
[30]齐胜利.衡水市利用微咸水灌溉的实践[J].节水灌溉，2005(1):42-43.
[31]苏莹，王全九，叶海燕，等.咸淡轮灌土壤水盐运移特征研究[J].灌溉排水学报，2005,24(1):50-53.
[32] AHMED B O, INOUE M, MORITAN S. Effect of saline water irrigation and manure application on the available water content, soil salinity, and growth of wheat[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2010, 97(1):165-170.
[33]谭军利，王西娜，田军仓，等.不同微咸水灌水量条件下覆砂措施对土壤水盐运移的影响[J].农业工程学报，2018,34(17):100-108.
[34]闵勇，朱成立，舒慕晨，等.微咸水-淡水交替灌溉对夏玉米光合日变化的影响[J].灌溉排水学报，2018,37(3):9-17.
[35]董元杰，陈为峰，王文超，等.不同NaCl浓度微咸水灌溉对棉花幼苗生理特性的影响[J].土壤，2017,49(6):1 140-1 145.
[36]龚雨田，孙书洪，闫宏伟.微咸水灌溉对冬小麦产量及农艺性状的影响[J].节水灌溉，2017(9):33-37.
[37]张蚌蚌，王数，石建初，等.新疆盐碱地膜下滴灌棉田可持续利用系统分析[J].中国农业大学学报，2017,22(11):36-48.
[38] PANG H C, LI Y Y, YANG J S, et al. Effect of brackish water irrigation and straw mulching on soil salinity and crop yields under monsoonal climatic conditions[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2010, 97(12):1 971-1 977.
[39]汪洋，田军仓，高艳明，等.非耕地温室番茄微咸水灌溉试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报，2014,33(1):12-16.
[40]李金刚，屈忠义，黄永平，等.微咸水膜下滴灌不同灌水下限对盐碱地土壤水盐运移及玉米产量的影响[J].水土保持学报，2017,31(1):217-223.
[41]刘娟，孙兆军，范秀华.不同矿化度咸水滴灌对盐碱地水盐特性及油葵生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究，2015,33(5):175-180.
[42]马君，师维军，郭仁松，等.微咸水对滴灌棉花冠层光合特征及产量品质的影响[J].中国农学通报，2017,33(24):52-56.
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