中亚热带森林土壤N_2O消耗潜势及其控制因素研究
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摘要
为了量化森林土壤N_2O消耗潜势并探讨其可能控制因素,选取中亚热带4种典型森林(建瓯的杉木人工林、罗浮栲天然林、米槠林及武夷山的米槠林)植被覆盖下的土壤,设置8个处理(预处理、基线处理、添加葡萄糖处理、添加NO~-_3处理、非淋洗处理、不添加N_2O处理、添加N_2O好气鲜土处理、不添加N_2O好气鲜土处理)进行室内培养实验.结果表明,厌氧条件下,在水分饱和、氮有效性低及添加外源N_2O时具有较大的N_2O消耗潜势.在上述条件下进行培养的土壤N_2O净通量在4种森林类型之间与两个土层之间均具有显著差异.添加外源硝态氮能显著降低土壤N_2O消耗,甚至出现N_2O排放现象(净通量高达2.19～2.38μg·g~(-1)·h~(-1));不添加外源N_2O也能显著降低土壤N_2O消耗.建瓯米槠林表层土具有较大的TC、TN及NH~+_4含量,结果表明,该种土壤具有较大的N_2O消耗潜力(净通量约为-1.39μg·g~(-1)·h~(-1)).
The N_2O consumption potentials and the possible controlling factors were investigated for the soils growing four typical forests, including one natural forest dominated by Castanpsis carlesii(WCC) located at Wuyi Mont Nature Reserve and two natural forests dominated by Castanpsis carlesii(JCC) or by Castanopsis fabri(JCF) and a plantation of Cunninghamia lanceolata(JCL) at Jianou Wanmulin Nature Reserve, in the mid-subtropical regions of Southeastern China, with 8 treatments set up in the laboratory incubation experiments such as one pretreatment and other seven treatments of baseline, glucose-amended, NO~-_3-amended, unleached, no N_2O amended,N_2O amended aerobic fresh soil, no N_2O amended aerobic fresh soil. The large potential consumption of N_2O occurred under conditions of anaerobic, moisture saturation, low nitrogen availability and N_2O amendment,which were shown significant difference among the four forest types and between the two soil layers. The nitrate amendment treatment could significantly reduce soil N_2O consumption, even presented N_2O emission phenomenon(net flux as high as 2.19～2.38 μg·g~(-1) h~(-1)). The no N_2O amendment treatment could also significantly reduced soil N_2O consumption. The surface soil of JCC, with larger contents of total carbon, total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen,had a larger N_2O consumption potential(net flux of about-1.39 μg·g~(-1) h~(-1)).
The N_2O consumption potentials and the possible controlling factors were investigated for the soils growing four typical forests, including one natural forest dominated by Castanpsis carlesii(WCC) located at Wuyi Mont Nature Reserve and two natural forests dominated by Castanpsis carlesii(JCC) or by Castanopsis fabri(JCF) and a plantation of Cunninghamia lanceolata(JCL) at Jianou Wanmulin Nature Reserve, in the mid-subtropical regions of Southeastern China, with 8 treatments set up in the laboratory incubation experiments such as one pretreatment and other seven treatments of baseline, glucose-amended, NO~-_3-amended, unleached, no N_2O amended,N_2O amended aerobic fresh soil, no N_2O amended aerobic fresh soil. The large potential consumption of N_2O occurred under conditions of anaerobic, moisture saturation, low nitrogen availability and N_2O amendment,which were shown significant difference among the four forest types and between the two soil layers. The nitrate amendment treatment could significantly reduce soil N_2O consumption, even presented N_2O emission phenomenon(net flux as high as 2.19～2.38 μg·g~(-1) h~(-1)). The no N_2O amendment treatment could also significantly reduced soil N_2O consumption. The surface soil of JCC, with larger contents of total carbon, total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen,had a larger N_2O consumption potential(net flux of about-1.39 μg·g~(-1) h~(-1)).
引文
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Majumdar D.2013.Biogeochemistry of N2O uptake and consumption in submerged soils and rice fields and implications in climate change[J].Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,43(24):2653-2684
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Mei L,Yang L,Wang D,et al.2004.Nitrous oxide production and consumption in serially diluted soil suspensions as related to in situ N2O emission in submerged soils[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,36(7):1057-1066
Minami K.1997.Atmospheric methane and nitrous oxide:sources,sinks and strategies for reducing agricultural emissions[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,49(1/3):203-211
Morkved P T,Dorsch P,Bakken L R.2007.The N2O product ratio of nitrification and its dependence on long-term changes in soil pH[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,39(8):2048-2057
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Pachauri R K,Meyer L A.2014.Contribution of Working Groups I,II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[M].Geneva,Switzerland:IPCC.151
Ravishankara A R,Portmann R W.2009.Nitrous oxide (N2O):The dominant ozone-depleting substance emitted in the 21st century[J].Science,326(5949):123-125
Rosenkranz P,Brüggemann N,Papen H,et al.2006.N2O,NO and CH4 exchange,and microbial N turnover over a Mediterranean pine forest soil[J].Biogeosciences,3(2):121-133
Ryden J C.1983.Denitrification loss from a grassland soil in the field receiving different rates of nitrogen as ammonium nitrate[J].European Journal of Soil Science,34(2):355-365
Schlesinger W H.2013.An estimate of the global sink for nitrous oxide in soils[J].Global Change Biology,19(10):2929-2931
Schuster M,Conrad R.1992.Metabolism of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide during nitrification and denitrification in soil at different incubation conditions[J].Fems Microbiology Letters,101(2):133-143
Stewart K J,Brummell M E,Farrell R E,et al.2012.N2O flux from plant-soil systems in polar deserts switch between sources and sinks under different light conditions[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,48(4):69-77
Syakila A,Kroeze C.2011.The global nitrous oxide budget revisited[J].Greenhouse Gas Measurement & Management,1(1):17-26
Ullah S,Frasier R,King L,et al.2008.Potential fluxes of N2O and CH4 from soils of three forest types in Eastern Canada[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,40(4):986-994
Vieten B,Conen F,Seth B,et al.2008.The fate of N2O consumed in soils[J].Biogeosciences,5:129-132
Wu D,Dong W,Oenema O,et al.2013.N2O consumption by low-nitrogen soil and its regulation by water and oxygen[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,60(1):165-172
续勇波,蔡祖聪.2008.亚热带土壤氮素反硝化过程中N2O的排放和还原[J].环境科学学报,28(4):731-737
Yeomans J C,Beauchamp E G.1982.Sulfur in acetylene inhibition of nitrous-oxide reduction by soil-microorganisms[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,46(1):75-77
Yu K W,Seo D C,Delaune R D.2010.Incomplete acetylene inhibition of nitrous oxide reduction in potential denitrification assay as revealed by using 15N-nitrate tracer[J].Communications in Soil Science & Plant Analysis,41(18):2201-2210
Blackmer A M,Bremner J M.2013.Potential of soil as a sink for atmospheric nitrous oxide[J].Geophysical Research Letters,3(12):739-742
Carter M R,Gregorich E G.2006.Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis (Second Edition)[M].USA:Taylor & Francis Group.1224
Cavigelli M A,Robertson G P.2001.Role of denitrifier diversity in rates of nitrous oxide consumption in a terrestrial ecosystem[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,33(3):297-310
Chapuis-Lardy L,Wrage N,Metay A,et al.2007.Soils,a sink for N2O?A review[J].Global Change Biology,13(1):1-17
冯洁,张克强,陈思,等.2014.土壤N2O吸收和消耗机制及研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,33(11):2084-2089
Flechard C R,Neftel A,Jocher M,et al.2005.Bi-directional soil/atmosphere N2O exchange over two mown grassland systems with contrasting management practices[J].Global Change Biology,11(12):2114-2127
Forster P,Ramaswamy V,Artaxo P,et al.2007.Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing//Climate Change 2007:The Physical Science Basis.Contribution of Working Group I to the 4th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[M].New York,USA:Cambridge University Press.129-234
Frasier R,Ullah S,Moore T R.2010.Nitrous oxide consumption potentials of well-drained forest soils in Southern Québec,Canada[J].Geomicrobiology Journal,27(1):53-60
Goldberg S D,Gebauer G.2009.N2O and NO fluxes between a Norway spruce forest soil and atmosphere as affected by prolonged summer drought[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,41(9):1986-1995
Hansen M,Clough T J,Bo E.2014.Flooding-induced N2O emission bursts controlled by pH and nitrate in agricultural soils[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,69(1):17-24
Jrm A,Smith K A,Crichton I J,et al.1991.Nitrous oxide production and denitrification in Scottish arable soils[J].European Journal of Soil Science,42(3):351-367
Klemedtsson L,Kasimir K A,Moldan F,et al.1997.Nitrous oxide emission from Swedish forest soils in relation to liming and simulated increased N-deposition[J].Biology & Fertility of Soils,25(3):290-295
Knowles R.1982.Denitrification[J].Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews,46:43-70
李爱萍.2016.中亚热带森林土壤N2O的产生与还原[D].福州:福建师范大学
Majumdar D.2013.Biogeochemistry of N2O uptake and consumption in submerged soils and rice fields and implications in climate change[J].Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,43(24):2653-2684
Martín J A,Yates M,ávila P,et al.2007.Nitrous oxide formation in low temperature selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with V2O5/TiO2,catalysts[J].Applied Catalysis B Environmental,70(1):330-334
Megonigal J P,Hines M E,Visscher P T.2004.Anaerobic Metabolism:Linkages to Trace Gases and Aerobic Processes//Schlesinger W H(Ed.).Biogeochemistry[M].Oxford,UK:Elsevier-Pergamon.317-324
Mei L,Yang L,Wang D,et al.2004.Nitrous oxide production and consumption in serially diluted soil suspensions as related to in situ N2O emission in submerged soils[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,36(7):1057-1066
Minami K.1997.Atmospheric methane and nitrous oxide:sources,sinks and strategies for reducing agricultural emissions[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,49(1/3):203-211
Morkved P T,Dorsch P,Bakken L R.2007.The N2O product ratio of nitrification and its dependence on long-term changes in soil pH[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,39(8):2048-2057
Morley N,Baggs E M.2010.Carbon and oxygen controls on N2O and N2 production during nitrate reduction [J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,42(10):1864-1871
Pachauri R K,Meyer L A.2014.Contribution of Working Groups I,II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[M].Geneva,Switzerland:IPCC.151
Ravishankara A R,Portmann R W.2009.Nitrous oxide (N2O):The dominant ozone-depleting substance emitted in the 21st century[J].Science,326(5949):123-125
Rosenkranz P,Brüggemann N,Papen H,et al.2006.N2O,NO and CH4 exchange,and microbial N turnover over a Mediterranean pine forest soil[J].Biogeosciences,3(2):121-133
Ryden J C.1983.Denitrification loss from a grassland soil in the field receiving different rates of nitrogen as ammonium nitrate[J].European Journal of Soil Science,34(2):355-365
Schlesinger W H.2013.An estimate of the global sink for nitrous oxide in soils[J].Global Change Biology,19(10):2929-2931
Schuster M,Conrad R.1992.Metabolism of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide during nitrification and denitrification in soil at different incubation conditions[J].Fems Microbiology Letters,101(2):133-143
Stewart K J,Brummell M E,Farrell R E,et al.2012.N2O flux from plant-soil systems in polar deserts switch between sources and sinks under different light conditions[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,48(4):69-77
Syakila A,Kroeze C.2011.The global nitrous oxide budget revisited[J].Greenhouse Gas Measurement & Management,1(1):17-26
Ullah S,Frasier R,King L,et al.2008.Potential fluxes of N2O and CH4 from soils of three forest types in Eastern Canada[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,40(4):986-994
Vieten B,Conen F,Seth B,et al.2008.The fate of N2O consumed in soils[J].Biogeosciences,5:129-132
Wu D,Dong W,Oenema O,et al.2013.N2O consumption by low-nitrogen soil and its regulation by water and oxygen[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,60(1):165-172
续勇波,蔡祖聪.2008.亚热带土壤氮素反硝化过程中N2O的排放和还原[J].环境科学学报,28(4):731-737
Yeomans J C,Beauchamp E G.1982.Sulfur in acetylene inhibition of nitrous-oxide reduction by soil-microorganisms[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,46(1):75-77
Yu K W,Seo D C,Delaune R D.2010.Incomplete acetylene inhibition of nitrous oxide reduction in potential denitrification assay as revealed by using 15N-nitrate tracer[J].Communications in Soil Science & Plant Analysis,41(18):2201-2210
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