喀什噶尔河-叶尔羌河流域粮食作物生态功能评价及生态补偿探讨
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摘要
根据国家"两区划定"粮食作物的相关统计数据为基础,运用生态系统服务价值和能值生态足迹方法,评价喀什噶尔河-叶尔羌河流域耕地生态系统服务价值、生态足迹和生态承载力,并算出生态补偿额度。研究结果表明:(1)2016年喀什噶尔河-叶尔羌河流域耕地生态系统服务当量价值为2141.24元。(2)农田系统生态服务体系中保持土壤和废物处理功能当量因子较大,旅游科研功能和原材料生产功能当量因子较小,农田系统的总生态服务价值约为18697.67元/hm~2。(3)小麦和玉米的人均生态足迹较大,大豆和水稻的人均生态足迹较小,人均生态足迹为0.328 hm~2/人,总合生态足迹为181.18 hm~2,耕地人均生态承载力约为0.018 hm~2/人。(4)研究区2016年小麦等4种粮食作物的耕地生态补偿金大约为6634万元。喀什噶尔河-叶尔羌河流域耕地生态服务功能较高,但是农田生产能力较弱,耕地生态承载力较小,出现耕地生态赤字,农田生产系统处于不可持续发展状态。
Based on relevant statistical data of"two districts delineated", the ecosystem service value and energy-ecological footprint method are used to evaluate the service value, ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of cultivated land ecosystems in the Kashgar-Yarkant River Basin, and calculate the ecological compensation amount. The results showed that(1) in 2016, the service equivalent value of cultivated land ecosystem in the Kashi-Yarkant River Basin was 2141.24 yuan;(2) in the farmland ecological service system, the soil and waste treatment function equivalent factor was large, the equivalent factor of the tourism scientific research function and the raw material production function network was relatively small, and the total ecological service value of the farmland system was about 18697.67 yuan/hm2;(3) wheat and corn had higher per capita ecological footprint, soybean and rice had smaller per capita ecological footprint, the per capita ecological footprint of the farmland system in the Kashi-Yarkant River Basin was 0.328 hm2/person, the total ecological footprint was 181.18 hm2, the ecological carrying capacity of cultivated land was about 0.018 hm2/person;(4) the ecological compensation for cultivated land for the four crops in 2016 was about 66.34 million yuan. The ecological service function of the Kashi-Yarkant River Basin cultivated land is relatively high, but the cultivated land production capacity is relatively low, the ecological carrying capacity is relatively small,there is an ecological deficit and the cultivated land production system is in a state of unsustainable development.
Based on relevant statistical data of"two districts delineated", the ecosystem service value and energy-ecological footprint method are used to evaluate the service value, ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of cultivated land ecosystems in the Kashgar-Yarkant River Basin, and calculate the ecological compensation amount. The results showed that(1) in 2016, the service equivalent value of cultivated land ecosystem in the Kashi-Yarkant River Basin was 2141.24 yuan;(2) in the farmland ecological service system, the soil and waste treatment function equivalent factor was large, the equivalent factor of the tourism scientific research function and the raw material production function network was relatively small, and the total ecological service value of the farmland system was about 18697.67 yuan/hm2;(3) wheat and corn had higher per capita ecological footprint, soybean and rice had smaller per capita ecological footprint, the per capita ecological footprint of the farmland system in the Kashi-Yarkant River Basin was 0.328 hm2/person, the total ecological footprint was 181.18 hm2, the ecological carrying capacity of cultivated land was about 0.018 hm2/person;(4) the ecological compensation for cultivated land for the four crops in 2016 was about 66.34 million yuan. The ecological service function of the Kashi-Yarkant River Basin cultivated land is relatively high, but the cultivated land production capacity is relatively low, the ecological carrying capacity is relatively small,there is an ecological deficit and the cultivated land production system is in a state of unsustainable development.
引文
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[19]艾则孜提约麦尔·麦麦提,玉素甫江·如素力,拜合提尼沙·阿不都克日木,等.近22年叶尔羌河-喀什噶尔河三角洲绿洲土地利用结构变化及其驱因分析[J].草业科学,2018,35(2):244-255.
[20]杜清,徐海量,赵新风,等.新疆喀什噶尔河流域1990-2010年土地利用/覆被及景观格局的变化特征[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(6):1548-1555.
[21]丹阳,赵桂慎,杜新盈.水源地生态敏感区农产品生态补偿标准及农户受偿意愿调查——以西峡县猕猴桃生产为例[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(34):82-90.
[22]奕淇,李国平.基于能值拓展的流域生态外溢价值补偿研究——以渭河流域上游为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(11):69-75.
[23]赵瑞东,赵青,等.基于能值分析和生态用地分类的河北省生态补偿研究[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(4):324-329+336.
[2]新疆统计局.新疆统计年鉴2017[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2018.
[3]喀什地区统计局.喀什地区统计年鉴2017[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2018.
[4]曹智,闵庆文,刘某承,等.基于生态系统服务的生态承载力:概念、内涵与评估模型及应用[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(1):1-11.
[5]苏浩,雷国平,李荣印.基于生态系统服务价值和能值生态足迹的河南省耕地生态补偿研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2014,48(6):765-769.
[6]谢高地,甄霖,鲁春霞,等.一个基于专家知识的生态系统服务价值化方法[J].自然资源学报,2008(5):911-919.
[7]程淑杰,朱志玲,王林伶,等.基于“省公顷”足迹变化的泾源县生态补偿定量评价[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(5):216-220.
[8]张恒义,刘卫东,王世忠,等.“省公顷”生态足迹模型中均衡因子及产量因子的计算——以浙江省为例[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(1):82-92.
[9]刘钦普.基于生态足迹改进模型的江苏省耕地利用可持续性研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2007:27-32.
[10]张皓玮,方斌,魏巧巧,等.区域耕地生态价值补偿量化模型构建——以江苏省为例[J].中国土地科学,2015,29(1):63-70.
[11]周丽萍,戚瑞生,冯进军.2002—2015年临夏州耕地生态足迹动态研究[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(2):35-41
[12]王时东.基于能值—扩展生态足迹模型的宿州市耕地可持续利用动态分析[D].南京:南京农业大学,2009.
[13]付意成,高婷,闫丽娟,等.基于能值分析的永定河流域农业生态补偿标准[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(1):209-217.
[14]苏浩.基于生态足迹和生态系统服务价值的河南省耕地生态补偿研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2014.
[15]覃洁,秦成,周慧杰,等.基于生态承载力供需与生态服务价值的广西耕地生态补偿研究[J].江西农业学报,2016,28(3):77-81,86.
[16]刘春腊,刘卫东,徐美.基于生态价值当量的中国省域生态补偿额度研究[J].资源科学,2014,36(1):148-155.
[17]李晓燕.基于生态价值量和支付能力的耕地生态补偿标准研究——以河南省为例[J].生态经济,2017,33(2):151-155,161.
[18]包晓斌.四川省三台县种植业生态补偿研究[J].生态经济,2017,33(3):24-28.
[19]艾则孜提约麦尔·麦麦提,玉素甫江·如素力,拜合提尼沙·阿不都克日木,等.近22年叶尔羌河-喀什噶尔河三角洲绿洲土地利用结构变化及其驱因分析[J].草业科学,2018,35(2):244-255.
[20]杜清,徐海量,赵新风,等.新疆喀什噶尔河流域1990-2010年土地利用/覆被及景观格局的变化特征[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(6):1548-1555.
[21]丹阳,赵桂慎,杜新盈.水源地生态敏感区农产品生态补偿标准及农户受偿意愿调查——以西峡县猕猴桃生产为例[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(34):82-90.
[22]奕淇,李国平.基于能值拓展的流域生态外溢价值补偿研究——以渭河流域上游为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(11):69-75.
[23]赵瑞东,赵青,等.基于能值分析和生态用地分类的河北省生态补偿研究[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(4):324-329+336.