经营规模、信息技术获取与农户生态生产行为——对不同生产行为及农户类型的差异性分析
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摘要
利用2017年长江中下游4省998户种稻农户数据,探究了经营规模和信息技术获取对样本整体农户不同生态生产行为的差异性影响;同时在将农户分为纯农户、Ⅰ兼农户和Ⅱ兼农户的基础上,分析经营规模、信息技术获取对不同兼业类型农户生态生产行为的差异性影响。研究结果表明:1)对于样本整体农户,经营规模与农户减少农药、化肥使用行为之间存在"U"型关系。加入农业合作组织对农户减少农药、化肥使用及采用测土配方施肥有显著正向影响;接受培训次数对所有生态生产行为均有显著正向影响。2)对于不同农户类型,经营规模与纯农户生态生产行为之间存在"U"型关系;信息技术获取对不同类型农户生态生产行为均有显著正向影响。
Based on the data of 998 families of rice farmers in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in 2017,this study investigates the influence of operation scale and information acquisition on ecological production behaviors of the whole peasant households.In addition,the farmers are divided into pure farmers,Ⅰfarmers and Ⅱfarmers,and the influence of information acquisition on the ecological production behavior of different type of farmers is separately analyzed.The results show that:1)For the whole farmers,there exists a"U"relationship between the scale of operation and the reduction of farmers' use of pesticide and fertilizer.Joining the agricultural cooperative organization has a significant positive effect on reducing the use of pesticide and chemical fertilizer and using soil-testing formula,and the number of training has significantly positive effects on all ecological production behaviors.2)For different types of peasant households,there exists a "U"relationship between the scale of operation and the ecological production behavior of pure farmers,and the information acquisition has a significant positive effect on the ecological production behavior of different types of farmers.
Based on the data of 998 families of rice farmers in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in 2017,this study investigates the influence of operation scale and information acquisition on ecological production behaviors of the whole peasant households.In addition,the farmers are divided into pure farmers,Ⅰfarmers and Ⅱfarmers,and the influence of information acquisition on the ecological production behavior of different type of farmers is separately analyzed.The results show that:1)For the whole farmers,there exists a"U"relationship between the scale of operation and the reduction of farmers' use of pesticide and fertilizer.Joining the agricultural cooperative organization has a significant positive effect on reducing the use of pesticide and chemical fertilizer and using soil-testing formula,and the number of training has significantly positive effects on all ecological production behaviors.2)For different types of peasant households,there exists a "U"relationship between the scale of operation and the ecological production behavior of pure farmers,and the information acquisition has a significant positive effect on the ecological production behavior of different types of farmers.
引文
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(1)农业部在《关于打好农业面源污染防治攻坚战的实施意见》中就防治农业面源污染提出了“一控两减三基本”的目标:“一控”即严格控制农业用水总量,大力发展节水农业;“两减”即减少化肥和农药使用量,实施化肥、农药使用量零增长行动;“三基本”指畜禽粪便、农作物秸秆、农膜基本实现资源化利用。
[2]巩前文,穆向丽,田志宏.农户过量施肥风险认知及规避能力的影响因素分析:基于江汉平原284个农户的问卷调查[J].中国农村经济,2010(10):66-76Gong Q W,Mu X L,Tian Z H.An analysis of farmer’s households’perception on risk of excessive fertilization and ability of risk aversion:Based on questionnaires to 284farmer’s households in Jianghan Plain of Hubei Province[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2010(10):66-76(in Chinese)
[3]杨增旭,韩洪云.化肥施用技术效率及影响因素:基于小麦和玉米的实证分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2011,16(1):140-147Yang Z X,Han H Y.Technical efficiency of fertilizer and its influencing factors:Based on wheat and corn empirical study[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2011,16(1):140-147(in Chinese)
[4]徐志刚,张炯,仇焕广.声誉诉求对农户亲环境行为的影响研究:以家禽养殖户污染物处理方式选择为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(10):44-52Xu Z G,Zhang J,Qiu H G.Effects of reputation demands on farmers pro-environmental behavior:Taking poultry farmers’method selection of contaminants treatment as an example[J].China Population·Resources and Environment,2016,26(10):44-52(in Chinese)
[5]仇焕广,栾昊,李瑾,汪阳洁.风险规避对农户化肥过量施用行为的影响[J].中国农村经济,2014(3):85-96Qiu H G,Luan H,Li J,Wang Y J.The impact of risk aversion on farmer’s households’behaviour of overusing fertilizers[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2014(3):85-96(in Chinese)
[6]赵瑾,郭利京.新技术认知对农户亲环境行为的影响机理研究:以菜农生物农药施用为例[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(1):183-192Zhao J,Guo L J.Influence mechanism of farmers’new technology cognition on pro-environmental behavior:A case study of farmers’application of biological pesticide[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2017,44(1):183-192(in Chinese)
[7]童霞,高申荣,吴林海.农户对农药残留的认知与农药施用行为研究:基于江苏、浙江473个农户的调研[J].农业经济问题,2014,35(1):79-85,111-112Tong X,Gao S R,Wu L H.The study of farmers’perception on pesticide residue and affecting the using behaviors of Chinese pesticides:The case of 473scattered farmers of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2014,35(1):79-85,111-112(in Chinese)
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(1)农业部在《关于打好农业面源污染防治攻坚战的实施意见》中就防治农业面源污染提出了“一控两减三基本”的目标:“一控”即严格控制农业用水总量,大力发展节水农业;“两减”即减少化肥和农药使用量,实施化肥、农药使用量零增长行动;“三基本”指畜禽粪便、农作物秸秆、农膜基本实现资源化利用。