1994-2018年新疆塔河干流农作物播种面积时空变化及影响因素分析
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摘要
基于农作物物候信息和多季相遥感观测等相结合的方法,分析沙雅县1994—2018年的农作物播种面积变化的时空特征,并从水资源要素、耕地与胡杨林转化等分析播种面积变化的原因。研究结果表明:1)沙雅县农作物播种面积在1994—2018年呈现增长趋势,尤其在2006年以后加速增长;2)渭干河灌区的播种面积空间上呈现由内向外、由碎片化向集中连片化的趋势发展,而塔河干流区播种面积增加的区域沿着塔河两岸不停游移;3)渭干河灌区农作物播种面积的增加与渭干河上游的来水量变化呈现较强的相关性,而塔河干流区二者相关性较低;4)塔河干流的胡杨林区每年被耕地侵占的面积呈现增长趋势,尽管2006年以后胡杨林保护措施不断加强,然而林区的农作物播种面积在2008年以后呈现增速加快的趋势,出现了被侵占的胡杨林未能恢复、新的胡杨林又遭破坏的现象。
Shaya County is located in the upper reaches of the main stream of the Tarim River. As one of the typical agricultural areas, its crop growth water source mainly comes from watershed irrigation. Studying the temporal and spatial changes of crop land not only helps to monitor agricultural land in the region and analyzes agricultural water consumption to provide a decision to rationally allocate water resources in the Tarim River, but also can help to monitor illegal land reclamation. This paper selected 94 medium resolution images of Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI from 1994 to 2018, and used the socio-economic statistical yearbook in the corresponding year, hydrological data and Populus euphratica distribution data, combined with the main crop phenological information in the study area, based on multi-time remote sensing images, the information of the sown area of crops in Shaya County was extracted and the temporal and spatial dynamics were studied. And the reasons for the change of planting area from the aspects of water resources and the relationship between cultivated land and Populus euphratica forest were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) The main crops in Shaya County were cotton, wheat and corn. The usage of multi-temporal data to extract the planting area of crops according to their different phenological laws could not only greatly improve the accuracy of the extraction result of the sown areas of crops, but also avoid the leakage phenomenon caused by different growth periods of major crops, and it could be used to improve the extraction precision of the whole crop planting area by using the complementarity between the various time images; 2) The crop planting area in Shaya County showed an increasing trend in 1994-2018, especially showed a rapid growth(2006-2018) after continuous slow growth(1994-2006), and the two periods with larger increase rates were 1994-2006 and 2008-2011; 3) The planting area of the Weigan River Irrigation District had a spatial trend from the inside to the outside, from the fragmentation to the centralized contiguous development, the increased area was distributed in the eastern and southwestern parts, while the area of the sown area of crops in the Tarim River Basin had increased along the main stream of the Tarim River, and its increased area was mainly distributed on the south bank of the upper reaches of the Xinquman Station on the Tarim River and its downstream north bank; 4) The increase of crop planting area in the Weigan River irrigation area had a strong correlation with the change of the inflow water volume in the upper reaches of the Weigan River, with a correlation coefficient of 0.89, while the area in the main stream of the Tarim River had a relatively low correlation, with a correlation coefficient of only 0.31; 5) The Populus euphratica forest area in the main stream of the Tarim River was cultivated every year. The area occupied by encroachment showed a growing trend, although the protection measures for Populus euphratica forests continued to strengthen after 2006, The planting area of crops showed a trend of accelerating growth after 2008, and the phenomenon that the invaded Populus euphratica forest failed to recover and the new Populus euphratica forest was destroyed.
Shaya County is located in the upper reaches of the main stream of the Tarim River. As one of the typical agricultural areas, its crop growth water source mainly comes from watershed irrigation. Studying the temporal and spatial changes of crop land not only helps to monitor agricultural land in the region and analyzes agricultural water consumption to provide a decision to rationally allocate water resources in the Tarim River, but also can help to monitor illegal land reclamation. This paper selected 94 medium resolution images of Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI from 1994 to 2018, and used the socio-economic statistical yearbook in the corresponding year, hydrological data and Populus euphratica distribution data, combined with the main crop phenological information in the study area, based on multi-time remote sensing images, the information of the sown area of crops in Shaya County was extracted and the temporal and spatial dynamics were studied. And the reasons for the change of planting area from the aspects of water resources and the relationship between cultivated land and Populus euphratica forest were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) The main crops in Shaya County were cotton, wheat and corn. The usage of multi-temporal data to extract the planting area of crops according to their different phenological laws could not only greatly improve the accuracy of the extraction result of the sown areas of crops, but also avoid the leakage phenomenon caused by different growth periods of major crops, and it could be used to improve the extraction precision of the whole crop planting area by using the complementarity between the various time images; 2) The crop planting area in Shaya County showed an increasing trend in 1994-2018, especially showed a rapid growth(2006-2018) after continuous slow growth(1994-2006), and the two periods with larger increase rates were 1994-2006 and 2008-2011; 3) The planting area of the Weigan River Irrigation District had a spatial trend from the inside to the outside, from the fragmentation to the centralized contiguous development, the increased area was distributed in the eastern and southwestern parts, while the area of the sown area of crops in the Tarim River Basin had increased along the main stream of the Tarim River, and its increased area was mainly distributed on the south bank of the upper reaches of the Xinquman Station on the Tarim River and its downstream north bank; 4) The increase of crop planting area in the Weigan River irrigation area had a strong correlation with the change of the inflow water volume in the upper reaches of the Weigan River, with a correlation coefficient of 0.89, while the area in the main stream of the Tarim River had a relatively low correlation, with a correlation coefficient of only 0.31; 5) The Populus euphratica forest area in the main stream of the Tarim River was cultivated every year. The area occupied by encroachment showed a growing trend, although the protection measures for Populus euphratica forests continued to strengthen after 2006, The planting area of crops showed a trend of accelerating growth after 2008, and the phenomenon that the invaded Populus euphratica forest failed to recover and the new Populus euphratica forest was destroyed.
引文
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[8]刘纪远，张增祥，庄大方，等.20世纪90年代中国土地利用变化时空特征及其成因分析[J].地理研究，2003,22(1):1-12.Liu Jiyuan,Zhang Zengxiang,Zhuang Dafang,et al.A study on the spatial-temporal dynamic changes of land-use and driving forces analyses of China in the 1990s[J].Geographical Research,2003,22(1):1-12.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[11]陈亚宁，陈忠升.干旱区绿洲演变与适宜发展规模研究：以塔里木河流域为例[J].中国生态农业学报，2013,21(1):134-140.Chen Yaning,Chen Zhongsheng.Analysis of oasis evolution and suitable development scale for arid regions:A case study of the Tarim River Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2013,21(1):134-140.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]常存，包安明，李均力.塔里木河四源区耕地时空演变的驱动分析[J].干旱区研究，2016,33(2):239-245.Chang Cun,Bao Anming,Li Junli.Spatiotemporal evolution of cultivated land in the headwaters of the Tarim River[J].Arid Zone Research,2016,33(2):239-245.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]李武陵，蔡永立.塔里木河河岸林胡杨的生态保护及可持续利用：以新疆沙雅县为例[J].安徽农业科学，2011,39(3):1488-1491.Li Wuling,Cai Yongli.Conservation and sustainable exploitation of riparian forest populus euphratica by the Tarim River-take Shaya County of Xinjiang as example[J].Journal of Anhui Agri Sci,2011,39(3):1488-1491.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]周旭东，王刚，余序.新疆绿洲经济带生态功能区划的初步研究：以新疆沙雅县为例[J].新疆环境保护，2008,30(4):10-13.Zhou Xudong,Wang Gang,Yu Xu.Preliminary study on eco-functional regionalization in oasis economic belt of Xinjiang-Take Shaya County of Xinjiang as example[J].Environmental Protection of Xinjiang,2008,30(4):10-13.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]黄粤，包安明，王士飞，等.间歇性输水影响下的2001-2011年塔里木河下游生态环境变化[J].地理学报，2013,68(9):1251-1262.Huang Yue,Bao Anming,Wang Shifei,et al.Eco-environmental change in the lower Tarim River under the influence of intermittent water transport[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(9):1251-1262.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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