拉林河流域土地利用变化及其生态环境效应分析
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摘要
拉林河为松花江的一级支流,发源于张广才岭山脉的老爷岭,流域内土地肥沃、人口密集,是国家重要的商品粮生产基地。基于TM卫星遥感数据及调查资料,对拉林河流域1976—2015年土地利用时空变化特征及其生态效应进行了研究,结果表明:随着流域人口的增加和经济的发展,流域内耕地面积和建设用地面积不断增加,林地、草地、水域、未利用地面积趋于减少;耕地是拉林河流域最主要的土地利用类型,林地、草地转为耕地是其最主要的土地利用转变类型;1976—2015年整个流域景观斑块数量呈现减少趋势,景观破碎度逐渐降低,集中分布的趋向性愈加明显。拉林河流域的土地利用变化导致了诸多环境问题,如土壤侵蚀加剧、水资源短缺、水质恶化、湿地面积萎缩、生态功能下降等,使流域生态环境更加趋于脆弱。
The Lalin River,a first class tributary of Songhua River originates in Laoyeling of Zhangguangcai Mountains. It is an important commodity grain base of the state where it has fertile land and dense population. Based on TM satellite remote sensing data and survey data,the paper studied the temporal-spatial variation characteristics of land use and its ecological effects of the Lalin River basin in the period of 1976-2015.The outcomes show that a) along with the increase of population and economic development of the basin,the cultivated land area and construction used land area within the basin are continuously increasing,while the areas of woodland,grassland,water area and unused land tend to decrease; b) the cultivated land is the main type of land use and woodland and grassland into cultivated land is the most important transformation type of land use of the basin and; c) in the period of 1976-2015,the number of landscape patches of the basin shows a decreasing trend,the landscape fragmentation has been gradually decreased and the tendency of centralized distribution becomes more and more obvious. The dynamic change of land use of the basin has caused many problems,such as intensified soil erosion,water shortage,deterioration of quality,shrinkage of wetland area and decline of ecological function,making the ecological environment of the basin more vulnerable.
The Lalin River,a first class tributary of Songhua River originates in Laoyeling of Zhangguangcai Mountains. It is an important commodity grain base of the state where it has fertile land and dense population. Based on TM satellite remote sensing data and survey data,the paper studied the temporal-spatial variation characteristics of land use and its ecological effects of the Lalin River basin in the period of 1976-2015.The outcomes show that a) along with the increase of population and economic development of the basin,the cultivated land area and construction used land area within the basin are continuously increasing,while the areas of woodland,grassland,water area and unused land tend to decrease; b) the cultivated land is the main type of land use and woodland and grassland into cultivated land is the most important transformation type of land use of the basin and; c) in the period of 1976-2015,the number of landscape patches of the basin shows a decreasing trend,the landscape fragmentation has been gradually decreased and the tendency of centralized distribution becomes more and more obvious. The dynamic change of land use of the basin has caused many problems,such as intensified soil erosion,water shortage,deterioration of quality,shrinkage of wetland area and decline of ecological function,making the ecological environment of the basin more vulnerable.
引文
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[8] 周宁,李超,满秀玲.基于GIS的黑龙江省拉林河流域土壤侵蚀空间特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(6):10-15.
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[10] 吉林省统计局,国家统计局吉林调查总队.吉林统计年鉴2013[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2013:46-48.
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[14] 郭涛,陈海洋,滕彦国,等.东北典型农产区流域地下水水质评价与污染源识别[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,53(3):316-322.
[15] 王华,刘成学,王祖善.双城湿地环境现状与保护对策[J].防护林科技,2008(4):88-89.
[2] 吴凤波,王之瑞,藏立有,等.拉林河流域的缺水问题与对策[J].黑龙江大学工程学报,1997(增刊1):96-98.
[3] 刘伟,何世军,乔倩倩,等.拉林河流域水质时空变化特征及原因浅析[J].中国水利,2016(1):19-21.
[4] 张正,刘洪超,吕军,等.拉林河流域省界缓冲区水质现状评价及变化趋势分析[J].吉林农业大学学报,2017,39(6):709-715.
[5] 王中伟,韩帮军,韩雅红,等.拉林河水环境质量现状与污染源分析研究[J].环境科学与管理,2014,39(4):112-115.
[6] 李娇,陈海洋,滕彦国,等.拉林河流域土壤重金属污染特征及来源解析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(19):226-233.
[7] 周宁,满秀玲,李超.黑龙江省黑土区拉林河流域土壤侵蚀强度评价方法比较[J].中国水土保持科学,2013,11(3):73-77.
[8] 周宁,李超,满秀玲.基于GIS的黑龙江省拉林河流域土壤侵蚀空间特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(6):10-15.
[9] 黑龙江省统计局,国家统计局黑龙江调查总队.黑龙江统计年鉴2013[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2013:40-45.
[10] 吉林省统计局,国家统计局吉林调查总队.吉林统计年鉴2013[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2013:46-48.
[11] 宇振荣.景观生态学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2018:70-75.
[12] FORMAN R T T,GODRON M.Landscape Ecology[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons Ltd,1986:320-321.
[13] 中华人民共和国水利部.第一次全国水利普查水土保持情况公报[J].中国水土保持,2013(10):2-3,11.
[14] 郭涛,陈海洋,滕彦国,等.东北典型农产区流域地下水水质评价与污染源识别[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,53(3):316-322.
[15] 王华,刘成学,王祖善.双城湿地环境现状与保护对策[J].防护林科技,2008(4):88-89.