性信息素迷向丝对不同果树梨小食心虫的防控效果
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摘要
2017年在宁夏果园开展了性信息素迷向丝(北京中捷四方生物科技公司生产的长效迷向丝,有效成分占30%)对为害不同果树的梨小食心虫的防控效果研究。试验地共5.5 hm~2,栽植有成龄苹果树、梨树和李树。试验区按树种设置3个处理区,3个对照区。处理区在边缘区域每株树平均悬挂3条迷向丝,内部区域隔树悬挂,每树悬挂1条迷向丝,悬挂高度为距离地面2 m。调查各树种全年诱蛾量、诱蛾下降率、蛀果率等指标,研究迷向丝对不同果树上梨小食心虫的防控效果,分析苹果、梨和李树分区域集中栽培下梨小食心虫为害特点。研究结果显示:3个处理区的诱蛾下降率均达96%以上,果实膨大期蛀果下降率均达50%以上,成熟期蛀果下降率均达57%以上,说明性信息素迷向丝对3种果树区域的梨小食心虫防控效果明显且稳定;不同果树区域梨小食心虫发生高峰期一致;梨园中诱捕的梨小食心虫成虫最多,说明其具有寄主选择性;李园蛀果率明显高于苹果园和梨园,李果实成熟采摘后成虫诱捕量减少,同时期苹果园与梨园成虫诱捕量增加,说明梨小食心虫具有迁移为害特性。
The effect of sex pheromone wire against Grapholitha molesta(oriental fruit moth, OFM) in different orchards was investigated in Ningxia in 2017. The experiments were conducted in a 5.5 hm~2 orchards containing apple, pear and plum. The test area and control area was divided into three parts, respectively. The sex pheromone wires were hanged on the tree branch 2 m above the ground in test area. Three sex pheromone wires were hanged in each tree located at edge of test area, and one sex pheromone wire was hanged every two trees in middle of the test area. No hanging in control area. Trap catches of adults in the whole year and the larval boring rates of fruits were investigated. The results showed that the pheromone wire reduced the damage of G.molesta effectively. The numbers of G.molesta captured were decreased by 96% at least. The damaged fruit rates by G.molesta were reduced over 50% during fruit swelling period, and 57% in the maturation period. The occurence peaks of adult G.molesta was consistent in apple, pear and plum orchards. The G.molesta has the features of host preference because the more adults were found in pear orchard than in others. The damage rate of plum fruits was higher than that of others. After harvest, the numbers of G.molesta captured decreased in plum orchard, indicating that the G.molesta in plum orchard migrate to apple and pear trees.
The effect of sex pheromone wire against Grapholitha molesta(oriental fruit moth, OFM) in different orchards was investigated in Ningxia in 2017. The experiments were conducted in a 5.5 hm~2 orchards containing apple, pear and plum. The test area and control area was divided into three parts, respectively. The sex pheromone wires were hanged on the tree branch 2 m above the ground in test area. Three sex pheromone wires were hanged in each tree located at edge of test area, and one sex pheromone wire was hanged every two trees in middle of the test area. No hanging in control area. Trap catches of adults in the whole year and the larval boring rates of fruits were investigated. The results showed that the pheromone wire reduced the damage of G.molesta effectively. The numbers of G.molesta captured were decreased by 96% at least. The damaged fruit rates by G.molesta were reduced over 50% during fruit swelling period, and 57% in the maturation period. The occurence peaks of adult G.molesta was consistent in apple, pear and plum orchards. The G.molesta has the features of host preference because the more adults were found in pear orchard than in others. The damage rate of plum fruits was higher than that of others. After harvest, the numbers of G.molesta captured decreased in plum orchard, indicating that the G.molesta in plum orchard migrate to apple and pear trees.
引文
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[7] 涂洪涛,张金勇,陈汉杰,等.应用性信息素缓释剂迷向防治桃树梨小食心虫研究[J].果树学报,2012,29(2):286-290.
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[9] 李晓龙,夏国宁,何建川,等.复合式膏体迷向剂对梨小、桃小食心虫的防控效果[J].植物保护,2013,39(6):147-152.
[10] 李晓龙,何建川,夏国宁,等.膏体迷向剂对苹果园梨小、桃小食心虫防效[J].植物保护,2015,41(4):208-211.
[11] LI Xiaolong,GENG Shubao,CHEN Hanjie, et al.Mass trapping of apple leafminer, Phyllonorycter ringoniella with sexpheromone traps in apple orchards[J].Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology,2017,20:43-46.
[2] 朱虹昱,刘伟,崔艮中,等.苹果蠹蛾迷向防治技术效果初报[J].应用昆虫学报,2012,49(1):121-129.
[3] WITZGALL P,STELINSKI L L,GUT L J,et al.Codling moth management and chemical ecology [J]. Annual Review of Entomology,2008,53:503-522.
[4] 翟小伟,刘万学,张桂芬,等.苹果蠹蛾性信息素的研究和应用进展[J].昆虫学报,2009,52(8):907-916.
[5] 魏玉红,罗进仓,周昭旭.信息素迷向技术防治苹果蠹蛾试验初报[J].中国果树,2010(3):48-50.
[6] 张国辉,黄敏,仵均祥,等.迷向处理对梨小食心虫的防治效果[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,30(3):232-234.
[7] 涂洪涛,张金勇,陈汉杰,等.应用性信息素缓释剂迷向防治桃树梨小食心虫研究[J].果树学报,2012,29(2):286-290.
[8] 孙钦航,王伟平.桃小食心虫预测预报及防治试验研究[J].西北林学院学报,1988,3(1):47-54.
[9] 李晓龙,夏国宁,何建川,等.复合式膏体迷向剂对梨小、桃小食心虫的防控效果[J].植物保护,2013,39(6):147-152.
[10] 李晓龙,何建川,夏国宁,等.膏体迷向剂对苹果园梨小、桃小食心虫防效[J].植物保护,2015,41(4):208-211.
[11] LI Xiaolong,GENG Shubao,CHEN Hanjie, et al.Mass trapping of apple leafminer, Phyllonorycter ringoniella with sexpheromone traps in apple orchards[J].Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology,2017,20:43-46.