氧化深塘和潜流湿地组合技术在农村河道水质净化应用
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摘要
将深塘曝气技术与人工湿地技术优化组合应用于河北省某农村河道水质提升工程。在河段下游截流蓄水,建设生态组合氧化深塘及潜流湿地系统对黑臭水体进行集中治理后重新排入河道。通过对系统进水及出水的主要污染物指标进行检测分析,研究系统在不同季节对河道水体水质净化效果,并对工程建设投资及运行费用进行分析。结果表明:春夏季节,系统出水水质明显提升,出水SS、氨氮和总磷浓度以及COD值均能够稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18198-2002)一级A标准,秋冬季节系统能够正常稳定运行,对河水主要污染物具有较高的去除率;工程占地面积小,设备能耗低,运行费用仅为0.23元·t~(-10。该组合技术对于季节性变化明显的农村河道水质净化效果较好,经济优势明显,可为农村黑臭河道治理技术提供新思路。
The optimized combination of deep pond aeration and artificial wetland technologies was used for the water quality improvement project of a certain rural river in Hebei province. The river water was cut off and stored by damming in the downstream section of the river, then the ecological system of combined deep oxidation pond and subsurface wetland was built to treat the black and odorous water, afterward the treated water was redischarged into the river. The main pollutants index of inlet and outlet of the system were tested and analyzed,and the purification effect of river water quality in different seasons was studied. At the same time, both the project construction investment and the cost of operation and maintenance were analyzed. The results showed that in spring and summer, the effluent water quality of the system was significantly improved, the effluent SS,ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus concentrations and COD could stably meet the first-grade A standard of pollutant discharge standard of the urban sewage treatment plant(GB 18198-2002). In autumn and winter, the system could maintain a normal and stable operation, and relatively high removal rates of main pollutants in the river occurred. The project presented a small land demand and low energy consumption of equipment, the operation cost was only 0.23 yuan·t~(-1). The combined technology has a good performance on the water quality purification of rural river water with obvious seasonal changes, and obvious economic advantages, which could provide new ideas for the treatment of rural black and odorous river water.
The optimized combination of deep pond aeration and artificial wetland technologies was used for the water quality improvement project of a certain rural river in Hebei province. The river water was cut off and stored by damming in the downstream section of the river, then the ecological system of combined deep oxidation pond and subsurface wetland was built to treat the black and odorous water, afterward the treated water was redischarged into the river. The main pollutants index of inlet and outlet of the system were tested and analyzed,and the purification effect of river water quality in different seasons was studied. At the same time, both the project construction investment and the cost of operation and maintenance were analyzed. The results showed that in spring and summer, the effluent water quality of the system was significantly improved, the effluent SS,ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus concentrations and COD could stably meet the first-grade A standard of pollutant discharge standard of the urban sewage treatment plant(GB 18198-2002). In autumn and winter, the system could maintain a normal and stable operation, and relatively high removal rates of main pollutants in the river occurred. The project presented a small land demand and low energy consumption of equipment, the operation cost was only 0.23 yuan·t~(-1). The combined technology has a good performance on the water quality purification of rural river water with obvious seasonal changes, and obvious economic advantages, which could provide new ideas for the treatment of rural black and odorous river water.
引文
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[3]李松,单胜道,曾林慧,等.人工湿地/稳定塘工艺处理农村生活污水[J].中国给水排水,2008,24(10):67-69.
[4]李世斌,施培俊,郭岭志.厌氧-垂直潜流型人工湿地处理生活污水[J].水处理技术,2008,34(5):59-62.
[5]余志敏,袁晓燕,崔理华,等.复合人工湿地对城市受污染河水的净化效果[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(4):741-745.
[6]崔理华,吴建强,孙敏.两种复合人工湿地系统对东莞运河污水的净化效果[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(5):1688-1692.
[7]中华人民共和国环境保护总局,中华人民共和国质量监督检验检疫总局.城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准:GB18918-2002[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2003.
[8]徐康宁,汪诚文,刘巍,等.稳定塘用于石化废水尾水处理的中试研究[J].中国给水排水,2009,25(3):32-35.
[9]单保庆,陈庆锋,尹澄清.塘-湿地组合系统对城市旅游区降雨径流污染的在线截控作用研究[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(7):1068-1075.
[10]曹蓉,王宝贞,高光军,等.塘系统的发展与应用介绍[J].给水排水,2004,30(12):18-20.
[11]管策,郁达伟,郑祥,等.我国人工湿地在城市污水处理厂尾水脱氮除磷中的研究与应用进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(12):2309-2320.
[12]曹笑笑,吕宪国,张仲胜,等.人工湿地设计研究进展[J].湿地科学,2013,11(1):121-128.
[13]张岩,李秀艳,徐亚同,等.8种植物床人工湿地脱氮除磷的研究[J].环境污染与防治,2012,34(8):49-52.
[14]朱平.人工湿地-稳定塘组合生态系统对污染水体的处理[D].南昌:华东交通大学,2014.
[15]张巍,许静,李晓东,等.稳定塘处理污水的机理研究及应用研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(8):1396-1401.