华阳河湖群叶绿素a浓度的季节动态和空间分布
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摘要
为了探究华阳河湖群叶绿素a浓度的季节动态与空间分布规律,2016年4月(春季)、7月(夏季)、10月(秋季)和2017年1月(冬季),对华阳河湖群叶绿素a的季节动态及环境因子进行调查,在龙感湖、黄大湖和泊湖分别设置9个(S_1～S_9)、8个(S_(10)～S_(17))和7个(S_(18)～S_(24))采样点,共计24个采样点;通过分层聚类法分析叶绿素a的时空分布特征,并运用主成分分析法探讨了华阳河湖群叶绿素a与环境因子的关系。结果显示,华阳河湖群水体叶绿素a浓度呈现明显的时空分布特征,叶绿素a年均值为7.18μg/L,变化范围0.27～66.61μg/L,最大值出现在2016年10月(秋季),最小值出现在2017年1月(冬季);叶绿素a浓度的季节变化呈现夏、秋季较高,春、冬季较低的动态特征。在空间变化上,叶绿素a浓度在龙感湖最高,其次是泊湖,黄大湖最低。运用分层聚类分析法将华阳河湖群的叶绿素a的时空特征分为三类;主成分分析表明,水体中营养盐是影响叶绿素a季节动态和空间分布的主要环境因子,总氮在3个湖泊中与叶绿素a显著正相关,总磷与叶绿素a在泊湖和黄大湖呈负相关,而在龙感湖呈正相关。研究表明,越冬水鸟的排泄物对叶绿素a的时空分布有重要影响。
The Huayanghe lake group, in Susong County of Anhui Province, consists of Longgan Lake, Huangda Lake and Bohu Lake. It is not only an important site for fish migration and breeding in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, but also a wintering place for migratory birds. This study analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of chlorophyll-a and its correlation with the major environmental parameters in Huayanghe lake group were analyzed. The objective was to provide a reference for ecological environment protection, lake management, habitat conservation of migratory birds and healthy aquaculture in Huayanghe lake group. From May 2016 to January 2017, a seasonal investigation was carried out at 24 sites in April, July and October of 2016 and January of 2017. Turbidity, water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and transparency were measured in situ and water samples were collected for determination of chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus(TP) and total nitrogen(TN). The chlorophyll-a range in Huayanghe lake group was 0.27-66.61 μg/L, with an average value of 7.18 μg/L. Chlorophyll-a levels varied seasonally, higher in summer and autumn and lower in spring and winter, with maximum and minimum values in autumn and winter, respectively. Spatially, Longgan Lake had the highest chlorophyll-a content, followed by Bohu Lake and Huangda Lake. Cluster analysis shows that chlorophyll-a distribution had regional characteristics and the 24 sites were clustered into three groups: Group 1, sites with high vegetation cover; Group 2, sites within the enclosure; Group 3, sites in the residential region with poor water quality and high turbidity. Principal component analysis showed that nutrients were the primary environmental factors affecting the temporal-spatial distribution of chlorophyll-a. The content of chlorophyll-a was positively correlated with TN in all three lakes, positively correlated with TP in Longgan Lake and negatively correlated with TP in Bohu Lake and Huangda Lake. Nitrogen was the limiting factor for phytoplankton growth and the excrement of wintering birds has important effects on the spatial and temporal distribution of chlorophyll-a.
The Huayanghe lake group, in Susong County of Anhui Province, consists of Longgan Lake, Huangda Lake and Bohu Lake. It is not only an important site for fish migration and breeding in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, but also a wintering place for migratory birds. This study analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of chlorophyll-a and its correlation with the major environmental parameters in Huayanghe lake group were analyzed. The objective was to provide a reference for ecological environment protection, lake management, habitat conservation of migratory birds and healthy aquaculture in Huayanghe lake group. From May 2016 to January 2017, a seasonal investigation was carried out at 24 sites in April, July and October of 2016 and January of 2017. Turbidity, water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and transparency were measured in situ and water samples were collected for determination of chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus(TP) and total nitrogen(TN). The chlorophyll-a range in Huayanghe lake group was 0.27-66.61 μg/L, with an average value of 7.18 μg/L. Chlorophyll-a levels varied seasonally, higher in summer and autumn and lower in spring and winter, with maximum and minimum values in autumn and winter, respectively. Spatially, Longgan Lake had the highest chlorophyll-a content, followed by Bohu Lake and Huangda Lake. Cluster analysis shows that chlorophyll-a distribution had regional characteristics and the 24 sites were clustered into three groups: Group 1, sites with high vegetation cover; Group 2, sites within the enclosure; Group 3, sites in the residential region with poor water quality and high turbidity. Principal component analysis showed that nutrients were the primary environmental factors affecting the temporal-spatial distribution of chlorophyll-a. The content of chlorophyll-a was positively correlated with TN in all three lakes, positively correlated with TP in Longgan Lake and negatively correlated with TP in Bohu Lake and Huangda Lake. Nitrogen was the limiting factor for phytoplankton growth and the excrement of wintering birds has important effects on the spatial and temporal distribution of chlorophyll-a.
引文
陈永根, 刘伟龙, 韩红娟,等,2007. 太湖水体叶绿素a含量与氮磷浓度的关系[J]. 生态学杂志, 26(12):2062-2068.
杜宏伟, 张恒军, 范中亚,等,2015. 华阳河湖群底泥沉积物特性研究[J]. 环境科学与技术, 38(1):128-132.
谷孝鸿, 刘桂英,1996. 滤食性鲢鳙鱼对池塘浮游生物的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, (1):6-10.
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李培培, 史文, 刘其根,等,2011. 千岛湖叶绿素a的时空分布及其与影响因子的相关分析[J]. 湖泊科学, 23(4):568-574.
南箔, 毕海洋, 李波,等,2014. 华阳河湖群地区湖滨带生态农业模式设计研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 22(10):1222-1230.
彭敏, 王新宇, 黄志红,等,1989. 水体富营养化监测、评价与防治[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社.
齐凌艳, 黄佳聪, 高俊峰,等,2016. 洪泽湖叶绿素a浓度的时空变化特征[J]. 湖泊科学, 28(3):583-591.
钱昊钟, 赵巧华, 钱培东,等,2013. 太湖叶绿素a浓度分布的时空特征及其影响因素. 环境化学, (5):789-796.
孙翠慈, 王友绍, 孙松,等,2006. 大亚湾浮游植物群落特征[J]. 生态学报, 26(12):3948-3958.
王金秋, 吴建平, 於燕斌,等,2003. 春秋两季鄱阳湖浮游动物的编目、数量分布与变动[J]. 湖泊科学, 15(4):345-352.
王兰, 王超, 赵秀侠,等,2016. 升金湖叶绿素a浓度的时空变化特征[J]. 生物学杂志, 33(1):49-52.
王苏民, 窦鸿身,1998. 中国湖泊志[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 230-238.
王艺兵, 侯泽英, 叶碧碧,等,2015. 鄱阳湖浮游植物时空变化特征及影响因素分析[J]. 环境科学学报, 35(5):1310-1317.
王震, 邹华, 杨桂军,等,2014. 太湖叶绿素a的时空分布特征及其与环境因子的相关关系[J]. 湖泊科学, 26(4):567-575.
吴芳仪,2016. 华阳河湖群和升金湖浮游植物群落结构的研究[D]. 合肥: 安徽大学.
徐梅,2016. 华阳河湖群和焦岗湖的后生浮游动物群落结构研究[D]. 合肥: 安徽大学.
鄢昭, 刘婷, 付婷,等,2015. 磁湖叶绿素a时空分布特征及环境因子影响分析[J]. 环境科学与技术, 38(8):123-126.
杨威, 邓道贵, 张赛,等,2012. 洱海叶绿素a浓度的季节动态和空间分布[J]. 湖泊科学, 24(6): 858-864.
臧常娟, 黄岁樑, 吴敏,等,2011. 投饵养鱼对潘家口水库围隔中浮游植物及水质的影响[J]. 环境科学学报, 31(3):525-532.
张光贵,2016. 洞庭湖水体叶绿素a时空分布及与环境因子的相关性[J]. 中国环境监测, 32(4):84-90.
张红, 黄勇, 李堃,2012. 湖面亮温对巢湖水华影响的遥感监测分析[J]. 环境科学, 33(10): 3323-3328.
赵学刚,1992. 湖北省黄梅县龙感湖越冬白头鹤调查简报[J]. 动物学杂志, (2):61.
周葆华, 操璟璟, 朱超平,等,2011. 安庆沿江湖泊湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估[J]. 地理研究, 30(12):2296-2304.
Alfsnes K, Hob?k A, Weider L J, et al, 2016, Birds, nutrients, and climate change: mtDNA haplotype diversity of Arctic Daphnia, on Svalbard revisited[J]. Polar Biology, 39(8):1-13.
Anderson D M, Glibert P M, Burkholder J M, 2002. Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: Nutrient sources, composition, and consequences[J]. Estuaries and Coasts, 25(4):704-726.
Michelutti N, Blais J M, Cumming B F, et al, 2010. Do spectrally inferred determinations of chlorophyll a, reflect trends in lake trophic status?[J]. Journal of Paleolimnology, 43(2):205-217.
Olson M H, Hage M M, Binkley M D, et al, 2005. Impact of migratory snow geese on nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in a freshwater reservoir[J]. Freshwater Biology, 50(5):882-890.
Ptacnik R, Solimini A G, Andersen T, et al, 2008. Diversity predicts stability and resource use efficiency in natural phytoplankton communities[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sc, 105(13):5134-5138.
Sakamoto M, 1966. Primary production by phytoplankton community in some Japanese lakes and its dependence on lake depth[J]. Arch Hydrobiol 62:1-28.
Van Geest G J, Hessen D O, Spierenburg P, et al, 2007. Goose-mediated nutrient enrichment and planktonic grazer control in Arctic freshwater ponds[J]. Oecologia, 153(3):653-662.
Wang L, Wang C, Deng D, et al, 2015. Temporal and spatial variations in phytoplankton: correlations with environmental factors in Shengjin Lake, China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(18):DOI:10.1007/s11356-015-4640-2.
Watson S B, McCauley E, Downing J A, 1997. Patterns in phytoplankton taxonomic composition across temperate lakes of differing nutrient status[J]. Limnol Oceanogr 42(3):487-495.
Zhu Y Z, Liu C Q, Wang Z L, et al, 2005. Inorganic Speciation of Rare Earth Elements in Chaohu Lake and Longganhu Lake, East China[J]. Journal of rare earths, 24(6):768-772.
杜宏伟, 张恒军, 范中亚,等,2015. 华阳河湖群底泥沉积物特性研究[J]. 环境科学与技术, 38(1):128-132.
谷孝鸿, 刘桂英,1996. 滤食性鲢鳙鱼对池塘浮游生物的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, (1):6-10.
胡芳, 许振成, 姚玲爱,等,2014. 剑潭水库浮游植物群落特征与水环境因子关系研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 34(4):950-958.
李培培, 史文, 刘其根,等,2011. 千岛湖叶绿素a的时空分布及其与影响因子的相关分析[J]. 湖泊科学, 23(4):568-574.
南箔, 毕海洋, 李波,等,2014. 华阳河湖群地区湖滨带生态农业模式设计研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 22(10):1222-1230.
彭敏, 王新宇, 黄志红,等,1989. 水体富营养化监测、评价与防治[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社.
齐凌艳, 黄佳聪, 高俊峰,等,2016. 洪泽湖叶绿素a浓度的时空变化特征[J]. 湖泊科学, 28(3):583-591.
钱昊钟, 赵巧华, 钱培东,等,2013. 太湖叶绿素a浓度分布的时空特征及其影响因素. 环境化学, (5):789-796.
孙翠慈, 王友绍, 孙松,等,2006. 大亚湾浮游植物群落特征[J]. 生态学报, 26(12):3948-3958.
王金秋, 吴建平, 於燕斌,等,2003. 春秋两季鄱阳湖浮游动物的编目、数量分布与变动[J]. 湖泊科学, 15(4):345-352.
王兰, 王超, 赵秀侠,等,2016. 升金湖叶绿素a浓度的时空变化特征[J]. 生物学杂志, 33(1):49-52.
王苏民, 窦鸿身,1998. 中国湖泊志[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 230-238.
王艺兵, 侯泽英, 叶碧碧,等,2015. 鄱阳湖浮游植物时空变化特征及影响因素分析[J]. 环境科学学报, 35(5):1310-1317.
王震, 邹华, 杨桂军,等,2014. 太湖叶绿素a的时空分布特征及其与环境因子的相关关系[J]. 湖泊科学, 26(4):567-575.
吴芳仪,2016. 华阳河湖群和升金湖浮游植物群落结构的研究[D]. 合肥: 安徽大学.
徐梅,2016. 华阳河湖群和焦岗湖的后生浮游动物群落结构研究[D]. 合肥: 安徽大学.
鄢昭, 刘婷, 付婷,等,2015. 磁湖叶绿素a时空分布特征及环境因子影响分析[J]. 环境科学与技术, 38(8):123-126.
杨威, 邓道贵, 张赛,等,2012. 洱海叶绿素a浓度的季节动态和空间分布[J]. 湖泊科学, 24(6): 858-864.
臧常娟, 黄岁樑, 吴敏,等,2011. 投饵养鱼对潘家口水库围隔中浮游植物及水质的影响[J]. 环境科学学报, 31(3):525-532.
张光贵,2016. 洞庭湖水体叶绿素a时空分布及与环境因子的相关性[J]. 中国环境监测, 32(4):84-90.
张红, 黄勇, 李堃,2012. 湖面亮温对巢湖水华影响的遥感监测分析[J]. 环境科学, 33(10): 3323-3328.
赵学刚,1992. 湖北省黄梅县龙感湖越冬白头鹤调查简报[J]. 动物学杂志, (2):61.
周葆华, 操璟璟, 朱超平,等,2011. 安庆沿江湖泊湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估[J]. 地理研究, 30(12):2296-2304.
Alfsnes K, Hob?k A, Weider L J, et al, 2016, Birds, nutrients, and climate change: mtDNA haplotype diversity of Arctic Daphnia, on Svalbard revisited[J]. Polar Biology, 39(8):1-13.
Anderson D M, Glibert P M, Burkholder J M, 2002. Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: Nutrient sources, composition, and consequences[J]. Estuaries and Coasts, 25(4):704-726.
Michelutti N, Blais J M, Cumming B F, et al, 2010. Do spectrally inferred determinations of chlorophyll a, reflect trends in lake trophic status?[J]. Journal of Paleolimnology, 43(2):205-217.
Olson M H, Hage M M, Binkley M D, et al, 2005. Impact of migratory snow geese on nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in a freshwater reservoir[J]. Freshwater Biology, 50(5):882-890.
Ptacnik R, Solimini A G, Andersen T, et al, 2008. Diversity predicts stability and resource use efficiency in natural phytoplankton communities[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sc, 105(13):5134-5138.
Sakamoto M, 1966. Primary production by phytoplankton community in some Japanese lakes and its dependence on lake depth[J]. Arch Hydrobiol 62:1-28.
Van Geest G J, Hessen D O, Spierenburg P, et al, 2007. Goose-mediated nutrient enrichment and planktonic grazer control in Arctic freshwater ponds[J]. Oecologia, 153(3):653-662.
Wang L, Wang C, Deng D, et al, 2015. Temporal and spatial variations in phytoplankton: correlations with environmental factors in Shengjin Lake, China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(18):DOI:10.1007/s11356-015-4640-2.
Watson S B, McCauley E, Downing J A, 1997. Patterns in phytoplankton taxonomic composition across temperate lakes of differing nutrient status[J]. Limnol Oceanogr 42(3):487-495.
Zhu Y Z, Liu C Q, Wang Z L, et al, 2005. Inorganic Speciation of Rare Earth Elements in Chaohu Lake and Longganhu Lake, East China[J]. Journal of rare earths, 24(6):768-772.