摘除不适用叶与喷施光碳核肥对烤烟上部叶生理代谢及品质的影响
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摘要
为优化烤后烟叶的等级结构,提高上部烟叶的工业可用性,以豫烟6号为材料,通过田间试验研究了摘除下部不适用叶与叶面喷施光碳核肥对烤烟上部叶叶面积、光合特性、碳氮代谢及烤后烟叶内在化学成分和经济性状的影响。结果表明,与对照(打顶时不摘除下部不适用叶)相比,打顶时摘除下部6片不适用叶显著提高了上部烟叶叶面积、叶绿素含量、光合性能、碳氮代谢强度及烤后中上等烟叶比例,增加了上部叶的总氮含量,降低了烤后烟叶的产量、产值。与仅摘除下部不适用叶相比,打顶时摘除下部6片不适用叶结合叶面喷施光碳核肥增加了烤后上部烟叶的单叶质量、钾含量、总糖含量、还原糖含量、糖碱比及钾氯比,提高了烤后烟叶的产量和品质。摘除下部6片不适用叶结合喷施光碳核肥较对照处理其上部叶叶面积、单叶质量、钾含量及上中等烟比例分别提高了11.53%、23.19%、12.69%和17.50%。总体来看,摘除下部6片不适用叶结合叶面喷施光碳核肥能够促进上部叶开片,使烤后烟叶的化学成分更加协调,经济效益较佳。
In order to optimize the grading structure of flue-cured tobacco and promote industrial availability of upper leaves, a field experiment was conducted by using Yuyan No.6 to investigate the effects of removing unusable leaf at lower stalk position and spraying carbon dioxide trapping agent on the leaves on photosynthetic characteristics and metabolisms of carbon and nitrogen of upper leaves. In addition, chemical composition and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco leaves were also evaluated. The results showed that compared with the control(without removing lower leaves while topping), the leaf area, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis,metabolisms of carbon and nitrogen and total nitrogen contents of upper leaves, as well as the proportion of mid-to-high grade leaves were significantly increased. This was achieved by removing six lower unusable leaves while topping(Treatment 1), however the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco leaves were decreased.Compared with Treatment 1, the leaf removing combined with spraying carbon dioxide trapping agent(Treatment 2) significantly increased the single leaf weight, the contents of potassium, total sugar and reducing sugar, total sugar/nicotine ratio, potassium/chlorine ratio, yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco leaves.Compared with the control, the leaf area, single leaf weight, potassium content, the proportion of mid-to-high grade leaves were increased by 11.53%, 23.19%, 12.69% and 17.50%, respectively. In general, Treatment 2 promotes the openness of upper leaves and the harmony of chemical compositions of flue-cured tobacco leaves and economic benefits.
In order to optimize the grading structure of flue-cured tobacco and promote industrial availability of upper leaves, a field experiment was conducted by using Yuyan No.6 to investigate the effects of removing unusable leaf at lower stalk position and spraying carbon dioxide trapping agent on the leaves on photosynthetic characteristics and metabolisms of carbon and nitrogen of upper leaves. In addition, chemical composition and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco leaves were also evaluated. The results showed that compared with the control(without removing lower leaves while topping), the leaf area, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis,metabolisms of carbon and nitrogen and total nitrogen contents of upper leaves, as well as the proportion of mid-to-high grade leaves were significantly increased. This was achieved by removing six lower unusable leaves while topping(Treatment 1), however the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco leaves were decreased.Compared with Treatment 1, the leaf removing combined with spraying carbon dioxide trapping agent(Treatment 2) significantly increased the single leaf weight, the contents of potassium, total sugar and reducing sugar, total sugar/nicotine ratio, potassium/chlorine ratio, yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco leaves.Compared with the control, the leaf area, single leaf weight, potassium content, the proportion of mid-to-high grade leaves were increased by 11.53%, 23.19%, 12.69% and 17.50%, respectively. In general, Treatment 2 promotes the openness of upper leaves and the harmony of chemical compositions of flue-cured tobacco leaves and economic benefits.
引文
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[6]王少鹏,洪煜丞,黄福先,等.叶面肥发展现状综述[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(4):96-98.WANG Shaopeng,HONG Yucheng,HUANG Fuxian,et al.Review of foliar fertilizer development status[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(4):96-98.
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[8]殷常青,费良军.光碳核肥对设施豇豆生理特性、水分利用率及矿质营养的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(21):38-44.YIN Changqing,FEI Liangjun.Effects of CO2capture agent on photosynthesis,water use efficiency and mineral nutrition of protected cowpea[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(21):38-44.
[9]石玉,潘媛媛,张毅,等.光碳核肥对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长抑制的缓解效应[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(5):752-758.SHI Yu,PAN Yuanyuan,ZHANG Yi,et al.Mitigative effect of carbon dioxide trapping agent on inhibiting growth of cucumber seedlings under salt stress[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,2017,26(5):752-758.
[10]宿秀丽,张杰,温海霞.光碳核肥对马铃薯块茎产量的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(1):37-38.SU Xiuli,ZHANG Jie,WEN Haixia.The effects of Guangtanhe fertilizer on potato tuber yield[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2016,55(1):37-38.
[11]刘家尧,刘新.植物生理学实验教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.LIU Jiayao,LIU Xin.Plant physiology experiment course[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2010.
[12]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:61-63.GAO Junfeng.Guidance for plant physiology experiments[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006:61-63.
[13]GB 2635-1992烤烟[S].GB 2635-1992 Flue-cured tobacco[S].
[14]王炽,闫辉,夏体渊,等.留叶数对烤烟K326产量和化学成分的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(9):2121-2124.WANG Chi,YAN Hui,XIA Tiyuan,et al.Effects of apparent leaf number on yield and chemical components of flue-cured tobacco variety K326[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2016,29(9):2121-2124.
[15]周俊学,王艳芳,刘杉,等.留叶数目和方式对烤烟生长及光合特性的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(22):5868-5874.ZHOU Junxue,WANG Yanfang,LIU Shan,et al.Effects of number and pattern of remained leaf on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2016,55(22):5868-5874.
[16]申宴斌,刘彦中,马剑雄,等.不同留叶数对烤烟新品种NC297生长及产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2009,30(6):57-60,64.SHEN Yanbin,LIU Yanzhong,MA Jianxiong,et al.Effects of apparent leaf number on growth,yields and quality of new flue-cured tobacco variety NC297[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2009,30(6):57-60,64.
[17]李冬,周俊学,刘领,等.摘除不适用烟叶数量与方式对烤烟生理特性及产质量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2018,46(5):19-24.LI Dong,ZHOU Junxue,LIU Ling,et al.Effects of removing inapplicable leaf number and pattern on physiological characteristics,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(5):19-24.
[18]薛琳,朱启法,季学军,等.皖南烤烟烟叶化学成分与感官品质的相关性[J].烟草科技,2016,49(11):26-32.XUE Lin,ZHU Qifa,JI Xuejun,et al.Correlation of chemical components with overall sensory quality of tobacco leaves in south Anhui[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2016,49(11):26-32.
[19]肖先仪,徐庆凯,黄平香,等.江西烤烟化学成分与感官质量典型相关分析[J].安徽农业大学学报,2015,42(5):836-840.XIAO Xianyi,XU Qingkai,HUANG Pingxiang,et al.Canonical correlation analysis between main chemical components and sensory quality of the flue-cured tobacco grown in Jiangxi Province[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2015,42(5):836-840.
[20]汤朝起,窦玉青,刘国,等.攀西烤烟主要化学成分与吸食品质的关系研究[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(5):29-33.TANG Zhaoqi,DOU Yuqing,LIU Guo,et al.Studies on relationships between major chemical constituents and smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco from Panxi area[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2011,17(5):29-33.
[21]江厚龙,陈代明,许安定,等.下部鲜烟叶摘除数量对烤烟品质及经济性状的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(9):1064-1068.JIANG Houlong,CHEN Daiming,XU Anding,et al.Effects of removing low fresh leaf on the quality and economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2014,22(9):1064-1068.
[22]邓小华,肖志君,于庆涛,等.田间摘除不适用鲜烟叶对烤烟化学成分影响的模糊分析[J].吉林农业大学学报,2016,38(4):391-397.DENG Xiaohua,XIAO Zhijun,YU Qingtao,et al.Fuzzy analysis for effects of removing field inapplicable fresh leaves on chemical components of flue-cured tobacco[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2016,38(4):391-397.
[23]韩锦峰.烟草栽培生理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.HAN Jinfeng.Tobacco physiology in cultivation[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2003.
[24]张继旭,高远,窦玉青,等.烟叶等级结构优化关键技术措施的综合效应研究[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(19):30-33.ZHANG Jixu,GAO Yuan,DOU Yuqing,et al.Research on the key technical measures of tobacco grade configuration optimization[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(19):30-33.
[25]邹凯,张光利,邓小华,等.田间摘除不适用鲜烟叶对烤烟经济性状的效应分析[J].山地农业生物学报,2015,34(5):50-55.ZOU Kai,ZHANG Guangli,DENG Xiaohua,et al.Analysis of the effect of removing the inapplicable fresh leaves in tobacco field on economic characters of flue-cured tobacco[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,2015,34(5):50-55.
[2]蔡宪杰,刘茂林,谢德平,等.提高上部烟叶工业可用性技术研究[J].烟草科技,2010(6):10-17.CAI Xianjie,LIU Maolin,XIE Deping,et al.Study on improving usability of upper flue-cured tobacco leaves[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2010(6):10-17.
[3]江厚龙,许安定,陈代明,等.不同鲜烟叶田间优化数量对烤烟生理特性及经济性状的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2014,20(5):43-50.JIANG Houlong,XU Anding,CHEN Daiming,et al.Effects of removed fresh leaf numbers on physiological characteristics and final economic value of flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2014,20(5):43-50.
[4]李伟,邹凯,周清明,等.田间摘除不适用鲜烟叶数量和时期对上部烟叶物理性状的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,42(2):142-146.LI Wei,ZOU Kai,ZHOU Qingming,et al.Effects of the number of field inapplicable fresh leaves removed and the removing period on physical properties of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences),2016,42(2):142-146.
[5]吴亮亮,靳志丽,王艳珍.新型叶面肥对烤烟上部叶开片和烟叶产质量的影响[J].作物研究,2010,24(1):27-29.WU Liangliang,JIN Zhili,WANG Yanzhen.Effect of new type of leaf fertilizer on expanding of upper leaves,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Crop Research,2010,24(1):27-29.
[6]王少鹏,洪煜丞,黄福先,等.叶面肥发展现状综述[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(4):96-98.WANG Shaopeng,HONG Yucheng,HUANG Fuxian,et al.Review of foliar fertilizer development status[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(4):96-98.
[7]赵红朝,张兆扬,周童,等.减氮增密措施对烤烟上部叶提质增香的效果探究[J].湖南农业科学,2017(11):11-13,16.ZHAO Hongchao,ZHANG Zhaoyang,ZHOU Tong,et al.Effects of reducing nitrogen amount and increasing plant density on improving quality and aroma of upper leaves of tobacco[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2017(11):11-13,16.
[8]殷常青,费良军.光碳核肥对设施豇豆生理特性、水分利用率及矿质营养的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(21):38-44.YIN Changqing,FEI Liangjun.Effects of CO2capture agent on photosynthesis,water use efficiency and mineral nutrition of protected cowpea[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(21):38-44.
[9]石玉,潘媛媛,张毅,等.光碳核肥对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长抑制的缓解效应[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(5):752-758.SHI Yu,PAN Yuanyuan,ZHANG Yi,et al.Mitigative effect of carbon dioxide trapping agent on inhibiting growth of cucumber seedlings under salt stress[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,2017,26(5):752-758.
[10]宿秀丽,张杰,温海霞.光碳核肥对马铃薯块茎产量的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(1):37-38.SU Xiuli,ZHANG Jie,WEN Haixia.The effects of Guangtanhe fertilizer on potato tuber yield[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2016,55(1):37-38.
[11]刘家尧,刘新.植物生理学实验教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.LIU Jiayao,LIU Xin.Plant physiology experiment course[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2010.
[12]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:61-63.GAO Junfeng.Guidance for plant physiology experiments[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006:61-63.
[13]GB 2635-1992烤烟[S].GB 2635-1992 Flue-cured tobacco[S].
[14]王炽,闫辉,夏体渊,等.留叶数对烤烟K326产量和化学成分的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(9):2121-2124.WANG Chi,YAN Hui,XIA Tiyuan,et al.Effects of apparent leaf number on yield and chemical components of flue-cured tobacco variety K326[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2016,29(9):2121-2124.
[15]周俊学,王艳芳,刘杉,等.留叶数目和方式对烤烟生长及光合特性的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(22):5868-5874.ZHOU Junxue,WANG Yanfang,LIU Shan,et al.Effects of number and pattern of remained leaf on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2016,55(22):5868-5874.
[16]申宴斌,刘彦中,马剑雄,等.不同留叶数对烤烟新品种NC297生长及产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2009,30(6):57-60,64.SHEN Yanbin,LIU Yanzhong,MA Jianxiong,et al.Effects of apparent leaf number on growth,yields and quality of new flue-cured tobacco variety NC297[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2009,30(6):57-60,64.
[17]李冬,周俊学,刘领,等.摘除不适用烟叶数量与方式对烤烟生理特性及产质量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2018,46(5):19-24.LI Dong,ZHOU Junxue,LIU Ling,et al.Effects of removing inapplicable leaf number and pattern on physiological characteristics,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(5):19-24.
[18]薛琳,朱启法,季学军,等.皖南烤烟烟叶化学成分与感官品质的相关性[J].烟草科技,2016,49(11):26-32.XUE Lin,ZHU Qifa,JI Xuejun,et al.Correlation of chemical components with overall sensory quality of tobacco leaves in south Anhui[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2016,49(11):26-32.
[19]肖先仪,徐庆凯,黄平香,等.江西烤烟化学成分与感官质量典型相关分析[J].安徽农业大学学报,2015,42(5):836-840.XIAO Xianyi,XU Qingkai,HUANG Pingxiang,et al.Canonical correlation analysis between main chemical components and sensory quality of the flue-cured tobacco grown in Jiangxi Province[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2015,42(5):836-840.
[20]汤朝起,窦玉青,刘国,等.攀西烤烟主要化学成分与吸食品质的关系研究[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(5):29-33.TANG Zhaoqi,DOU Yuqing,LIU Guo,et al.Studies on relationships between major chemical constituents and smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco from Panxi area[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2011,17(5):29-33.
[21]江厚龙,陈代明,许安定,等.下部鲜烟叶摘除数量对烤烟品质及经济性状的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(9):1064-1068.JIANG Houlong,CHEN Daiming,XU Anding,et al.Effects of removing low fresh leaf on the quality and economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2014,22(9):1064-1068.
[22]邓小华,肖志君,于庆涛,等.田间摘除不适用鲜烟叶对烤烟化学成分影响的模糊分析[J].吉林农业大学学报,2016,38(4):391-397.DENG Xiaohua,XIAO Zhijun,YU Qingtao,et al.Fuzzy analysis for effects of removing field inapplicable fresh leaves on chemical components of flue-cured tobacco[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2016,38(4):391-397.
[23]韩锦峰.烟草栽培生理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.HAN Jinfeng.Tobacco physiology in cultivation[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2003.
[24]张继旭,高远,窦玉青,等.烟叶等级结构优化关键技术措施的综合效应研究[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(19):30-33.ZHANG Jixu,GAO Yuan,DOU Yuqing,et al.Research on the key technical measures of tobacco grade configuration optimization[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(19):30-33.
[25]邹凯,张光利,邓小华,等.田间摘除不适用鲜烟叶对烤烟经济性状的效应分析[J].山地农业生物学报,2015,34(5):50-55.ZOU Kai,ZHANG Guangli,DENG Xiaohua,et al.Analysis of the effect of removing the inapplicable fresh leaves in tobacco field on economic characters of flue-cured tobacco[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,2015,34(5):50-55.