人力资本、技术创新对环境污染的影响机制——基于全国285个城市的实证分析
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摘要
基于2003～2016年中国285个城市数据,讨论了人力资本和技术创新对环境污染的影响机制。主要研究结论为:(1)人力资本和技术创新可以显著降低环境污染;(2)人力资本和技术创新对环境污染的影响存在协同作用,在人力资本的影响下,技术创新显现出明确的减污效应,同时在技术创新的影响下,人力资本也显现出明确的减污效应;(3)人力资本和技术创新跨越各自的门槛值后,二者的协同效应会增强,减污效果更明显;(4)人力资本和技术创新对环境污染的影响是通过"产业清洁效应"、"外资清洁效应"和"金融清洁效应"3类中介途径实现的。研究结论为我国环境污染的治理提供了有益的借鉴。
Based on data from 285 cities in China from 2003 to 2016,the impact mechanism of human capital and technological innovation on environmental pollution was discussed. The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)Human capital and technological innovation can significantly reduce environmental pollution;(2)Human capital and technological innovation have synergistic effects on environmental pollution. Under the influence of human capital,technological innovation shows a clear pollution reduction effect. Under the influence of technological innovation, human capital also shows a clear decontamination effect;(3)human capital and technological innovation cross the respective thresholds,the synergy effect of the two will be enhanced,and the pollution reduction effect will be more obvious;(4)human capital and technology The impact of innovation on environmental pollution is achieved through three types of intermediary channels:"industrial cleansing effect","foreign cleansing effect"and"financial cleansing effect". The conclusions of this paper provide useful reference for the treatment of environmental pollution in China.
Based on data from 285 cities in China from 2003 to 2016,the impact mechanism of human capital and technological innovation on environmental pollution was discussed. The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)Human capital and technological innovation can significantly reduce environmental pollution;(2)Human capital and technological innovation have synergistic effects on environmental pollution. Under the influence of human capital,technological innovation shows a clear pollution reduction effect. Under the influence of technological innovation, human capital also shows a clear decontamination effect;(3)human capital and technological innovation cross the respective thresholds,the synergy effect of the two will be enhanced,and the pollution reduction effect will be more obvious;(4)human capital and technology The impact of innovation on environmental pollution is achieved through three types of intermediary channels:"industrial cleansing effect","foreign cleansing effect"and"financial cleansing effect". The conclusions of this paper provide useful reference for the treatment of environmental pollution in China.
引文
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[18] 杨仁发.产业集聚能否改善中国环境污染[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(2):23-29.YANG R F.Can industrial agglomeration improve environmental pollution in China[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2015,25(2):23-29.
[19] 石大千,丁海,卫平,等.智慧城市建设能否降低环境污染[J].中国工业经济,2018(6):117-135.SHI D Q,DING H,WEI P,et al.Can smart city construction reduce environmental pollution[J].China Industrial Economy,2018(6):117-135.
[20] 常旭蕊.固定资产投资结构对污染物排放影响实证研究[D].天津:天津财经大学,2016.CHANG X R.Empirical study on the impact of fixed asset investment structure on pollutant emissions[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University of Finance and Economics,2016.
[21] 王敏,黄滢.中国的环境污染与经济增长[J].经济学(季刊),2015(2):557-578.WAMG M,HUANG Y.Environmental pollution and economic growth in China[J].Economics (Quarterly),2015,14(2):557-578.
[22] 黄娟,汪明进.科技创新、产业集聚与环境污染[J].山西财经大学学报,2016,38(4):50-61.HUANG J,WANG M J.Science and technology innovation,industrial agglomeration and environmental pollution[J].Journal of Shanxi University of Finance and Economics,2016,38(4):50-61.
[23] 张开迪,吴群锋,高建,等.外商直接投资对大众创业的影响[J].中国工业经济,2018(12):79-96.ZHANG K D,WU Q F,GAO J,et al.The influence of foreign direct investment on mass entrepreneurship[J].China Industrial Economy,2018(12):79-96.
[24] 邓春生,李珊.农村金融发展对农村经济增长的非线性影响分析[J].管理世界,2018,34(11):180-181.DENG C S,LI S.Analysis of the non-linear influence of rural financial development on rural economic growth[J].Management World,2018,34(11):180-181.
[25] HAYES A F.BEYOND BARON and KENNY.Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium[J].Communication Monographs,2009,76(4):408-420.
[26] 温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰,等.中介效应检验程序及其应用[J].心理学报,2004,36(5):614-620.WEN Z L,ZHANG L,HOU J T,et al.Mediating effect test procedure and its application[J].Journal of Psychology,2004,36(5):614-620.
[27] 秦永,王孝坤.高等教育规模扩张与中国经济增长——来自省级面板数据的证据[J].宏观质量研究,2017,5(3):49-61.QIN Y,WANG X K.Scale expansion of higher education and China’s economic growth:Evidence from provincial panel data[J].Macro Quality Research,2017,5(3):49-61.
[28] 陈阳,逯进,于平.技术创新减少环境污染了吗?——来自中国285个城市的经验证据[J].西安交通大学学报(社会科学版),2019,39(1):73-84.CHEN Y,LV J,YU P.Does technological innovation reduce environmental pollution?:Evidence from 285 cities in China[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University(Social Science Edition),2019,39(1):73-84.
[2] GROSSMAN G M,KRUEGER A B.Economic growth and the environment[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1995,110(2):353-377.
[3] CHIOUT Y,CHAN H K,LETTICE F,et al.The influence of greening the suppliers and green innovation on environmental performance and competitive advantage in Taiwan[J].Transportation Research Part E,2011,47(6):822-836.
[4] ZAILANI S,GOVINDAN K,IRANMANESH M,et al.Green innovation adoption in automotive supply chain:The malaysian case[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2015(108):1115-1122.
[5] 原毅军,谢荣辉.产业集聚、技术创新与环境污染的内在联系[J].科学学研究,2015,33(9):1340-1347.YUAN Y J,XIE R H.Intrinsic relationship between industrial agglomeration,technological innovation and environmental pollution[J].Science of Science Research,2015,33(9):1340-1347.
[6] 马一蕾.技术创新与区域绿色经济增长的实证研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2016.MA Y L.Empirical research on technological innovation and regional green economic growth[D].Nanchang:Nanchang University,2016.
[7] 李粉,孙祥栋,张亮亮.产业集聚、技术创新与环境污染——基于中国工业行业面板数据的实证分析[J].技术经济,2017,36(3):1-7.LI F,SUN X D,ZHANG L L.Industrial agglomeration,technological innovation and environmental pollution:An empirical analysis based on panel data of China’s industrial sector[J].Technology Economics,2017,36(3):1-7.
[8] FU X.China’s path to innovation:Foreign direct investment,absorptive capacity and regional innovative capabilities:Evidence from China[J].Oxford Development Studies,2008,36(1):89-110.
[9] KURTZ M J,BROOKS S M.Conditioning the“resource curse”:Globalization,human capital and growth in oil-rich nations[J].Comparative Political Studies,2011,44(6):747-770.
[10] 侯燕飞,陈仲常.中国人口发展对资源消耗与环境污染影响的门槛效应研究[J].经济科学,2018,No.225(3):77-90.HOU Y F,CHEN Z C.Research on the threshold effect of China’s population development on resource consumption and environmental pollution[J].Economic Science,2018,No.225(3):77-90.
[11] 张淑辉.异质性农村人力资本对农业绿色生产率的影响——基于中国省级面板数据[J].山西大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017,40(5):127-138.ZHANG S H.The impact of heterogeneous rural human capital on agricultural green productivity:Based on Chinese provincial panel data[J].Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Sciences),2017,40(5):127-138.
[12] 吴玉鸣,田斌.省域环境库兹涅茨曲线的扩展及其决定因素——空间计量经济学模型实证[J].地理研究,2012,31(4):627-640.WU Y M,TIAN B.Expansion of the provincial environment kuznets curve and its determinants:Empirical evidence of spatial econometric model[J].Geographical Research,2012,31(4):627-640.
[13] LAN J,KAKINAKA M,HUANG X .Foreign direct investment,human capital and environmental pollution in China[J].Environmental and Resource Economics,2012,51(2):255-275.
[14] JASON HURWITZ,STEPHEN LINES,BILL MONTGOMERY,et al.The linkage between management practices,Intangibles performance and stock returns[J].Journal of Intellectual Capital,2002,3(1):51-61.
[15] 张宇,蒋殿春.FDI、环境监管与工业大气污染——基于产业结构与技术进步分解指标的实证检验[J].国际贸易问题,2013(7):102-118.ZHANG Y,JIANG D C.FDI,Environmental supervision and industrial air pollution:An empirical test based on industrial structure and technological progress decomposition indicators[J].International Trade Issues,2013(7):02-118.
[16] SMARZYNSKA,B.K,S.J.WEI.Pollution havens and foreign direct investment:Dirty secret or popular myth[J].Economic Analysis &Policy,2005,3(2):8-38.
[17] DOGAN,E,F.SEKER.The influence of real output,renewable and non-renewable energy,trade and financial development on carbon emissions in the top renewable energy countries[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016(60):1074-1085.
[18] 杨仁发.产业集聚能否改善中国环境污染[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(2):23-29.YANG R F.Can industrial agglomeration improve environmental pollution in China[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2015,25(2):23-29.
[19] 石大千,丁海,卫平,等.智慧城市建设能否降低环境污染[J].中国工业经济,2018(6):117-135.SHI D Q,DING H,WEI P,et al.Can smart city construction reduce environmental pollution[J].China Industrial Economy,2018(6):117-135.
[20] 常旭蕊.固定资产投资结构对污染物排放影响实证研究[D].天津:天津财经大学,2016.CHANG X R.Empirical study on the impact of fixed asset investment structure on pollutant emissions[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University of Finance and Economics,2016.
[21] 王敏,黄滢.中国的环境污染与经济增长[J].经济学(季刊),2015(2):557-578.WAMG M,HUANG Y.Environmental pollution and economic growth in China[J].Economics (Quarterly),2015,14(2):557-578.
[22] 黄娟,汪明进.科技创新、产业集聚与环境污染[J].山西财经大学学报,2016,38(4):50-61.HUANG J,WANG M J.Science and technology innovation,industrial agglomeration and environmental pollution[J].Journal of Shanxi University of Finance and Economics,2016,38(4):50-61.
[23] 张开迪,吴群锋,高建,等.外商直接投资对大众创业的影响[J].中国工业经济,2018(12):79-96.ZHANG K D,WU Q F,GAO J,et al.The influence of foreign direct investment on mass entrepreneurship[J].China Industrial Economy,2018(12):79-96.
[24] 邓春生,李珊.农村金融发展对农村经济增长的非线性影响分析[J].管理世界,2018,34(11):180-181.DENG C S,LI S.Analysis of the non-linear influence of rural financial development on rural economic growth[J].Management World,2018,34(11):180-181.
[25] HAYES A F.BEYOND BARON and KENNY.Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium[J].Communication Monographs,2009,76(4):408-420.
[26] 温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰,等.中介效应检验程序及其应用[J].心理学报,2004,36(5):614-620.WEN Z L,ZHANG L,HOU J T,et al.Mediating effect test procedure and its application[J].Journal of Psychology,2004,36(5):614-620.
[27] 秦永,王孝坤.高等教育规模扩张与中国经济增长——来自省级面板数据的证据[J].宏观质量研究,2017,5(3):49-61.QIN Y,WANG X K.Scale expansion of higher education and China’s economic growth:Evidence from provincial panel data[J].Macro Quality Research,2017,5(3):49-61.
[28] 陈阳,逯进,于平.技术创新减少环境污染了吗?——来自中国285个城市的经验证据[J].西安交通大学学报(社会科学版),2019,39(1):73-84.CHEN Y,LV J,YU P.Does technological innovation reduce environmental pollution?:Evidence from 285 cities in China[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University(Social Science Edition),2019,39(1):73-84.