基于海表温和水深的南海北部短尾大眼鲷渔场分析
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摘要
根据2014—2017年南海北部200m等深线以浅海域渔业资源调查的短尾大眼鲷(Priacanthusmacracanthus)数据,结合遥感获得的海表温度(seasurfacetemperature,SST)数据,首次将渔场水深(D)与SST的乘积(SSTD)引入作为新的变量,采用灰色关联度方法筛选与渔场关联度最高的变量,将关联度最高的变量与标准化后的单位捕捞努力量(catch per unit effect, CPUE)采用一元非线性回归建立模型,对模型理论CPUE与实际CPUE的时空变化进行分析。结果表明,南海北部短尾大眼鲷渔场随季节变化明显,各季节CPUE随SST呈先增大后减小的趋势;不同季节CPUE最高的海域水深不同,春季为160 m,夏季为140 m,秋季为60 m,冬季为140 m; CPUE与SST、D、SSTD进行灰色关联度分析发现,各季节CPUE与SSTD关联度最高且关联度均超过0.5;将SSTD作为变量, CPUE作为表征渔场好坏的指标值,建立环境因子与CPUE的关系模型,模型理论CPUE高值区有明显的季节变化,且实际CPUE高值区的分布与理论CPUE高值区分布一致,以上结果 P值均小于0.05,模型预测准确。
In recent years, with the change of the structure of catches, the proportion of Priacanthus macracanthus in near-shore fishing is increasing. It is one of the main economic species in the coastal waters of the South China Sea, with high economic value and ecology significance. This was the first study based on the Priacanthus macracanthus data from the shallow sea fishery resources survey from the 200 m isobath in the northern part of the South China Sea from 2014 to 2017, combined with the sea surface temperature(SST) data obtained by remote sensing. The product of water depth(D) and SST(SSTD) was introduced as a new variable and represented the change of temperature inside the ocean. This variable can more succinctly reflect the relationship between fisheries and SST and water depth. The grey correlation method was used to screen the variables with the highest correlation with the fishery. The most relevant variables and the standardized Catch per Unit Effect(CPUE) were modeled by one-dimensional nonlinear regression. The modeled CPUEi and the actual temporal and spatial changes of the CPUE were analyzed. The results showed that the fishery of the big-tailed bigeye fish in the northern South China Sea changed significantly with season. The CPUE increased first and then decreased with the increase of SST in all seasons. The SST of the spring CPUE was 26℃, and the highest CPUE in summer was at an SST of 28℃. The SST at the highest CPUE in the fall was 25℃, and the SST at the highest CPUE in winter was 20℃. In the spring, the CPUE had an increasing trend with the depth of water. The CPUE was the largest at 160 m. The CPUE changed with water depth in summer, and reached a maximum at 140 m. The CPUE increased first and then decreased with the water depth in autumn, at a water depth of 60 m. The maximum was reached when the CPUE increased with the increase of water depth in winter, and reached the maximum at 140 m. The high value of CPUE in spring was mainly distributed in the southeast side of Hainan Island and the sea area outside Shantou. The summer CPUE high-value area was mainly distributed in the southeast side of Hainan Island and the coastal waters of Guangdong Province. The high CPUE area in autumn was mainly distributed in the outer sea area of the Pearl River Estuary, and the lower, high-value areas were mainly distributed in the southern part of the Beibu Gulf and the offshore waters of Shantou. The gray correlation analysis between CPUE and SST, and D and SSTD showed that CPUE and SSTD had the highest correlation in each season. Based on the one-dimensional nonlinear regression, a relationship model between SSTD and CPUE was established. The modeled theoretical CPUEi high-value area had obvious seasonal changes. For the actual CPUE, the distribution of the high-value area was consistent with the theoretical CPUEi high value area distribution, and the average accuracy of the model was 75%. The fisheries for Priacanthus macracanthus in different seasons showed different distributional trends. The distribution of fisheries in summer and autumn was more dispersed than those in winter and spring, and the CPUE was significantly higher than those in winter and spring, which may be related to the biological characteristics of spawning in summer. In addition, the large-eyed fishery in the northern part of the South China Sea had an obvious plaque-like distribution, which was quite different from the traditionally assumed fishery. The distribution of CPUE high-value areas tended to be concentrated, whereas the CPUE of most sea areas was low and had certain clustering features. From the spatial location of the fishery distribution, the winter and spring fishing grounds were mostly distributed in the offshore waters, which were farther away from the shore in summer and autumn. This may be related to the seasonal variation of temperature and bio-distribution of the bait; also, the temperature of the sea in winter and spring is low. The distribution of the main feed bio-shrimp, cephalopod larvae, and chlorophyll was closer to the shore, so the CPUE high-value area was mainly concentrated in the coastal waters; whereas the summer and autumn seawater temperature rises, and the chlorophyll high-value area is offshore. The direction moves, so the CPUE high-value area was mainly distributed in the offshore waters with deep-water depth.
In recent years, with the change of the structure of catches, the proportion of Priacanthus macracanthus in near-shore fishing is increasing. It is one of the main economic species in the coastal waters of the South China Sea, with high economic value and ecology significance. This was the first study based on the Priacanthus macracanthus data from the shallow sea fishery resources survey from the 200 m isobath in the northern part of the South China Sea from 2014 to 2017, combined with the sea surface temperature(SST) data obtained by remote sensing. The product of water depth(D) and SST(SSTD) was introduced as a new variable and represented the change of temperature inside the ocean. This variable can more succinctly reflect the relationship between fisheries and SST and water depth. The grey correlation method was used to screen the variables with the highest correlation with the fishery. The most relevant variables and the standardized Catch per Unit Effect(CPUE) were modeled by one-dimensional nonlinear regression. The modeled CPUEi and the actual temporal and spatial changes of the CPUE were analyzed. The results showed that the fishery of the big-tailed bigeye fish in the northern South China Sea changed significantly with season. The CPUE increased first and then decreased with the increase of SST in all seasons. The SST of the spring CPUE was 26℃, and the highest CPUE in summer was at an SST of 28℃. The SST at the highest CPUE in the fall was 25℃, and the SST at the highest CPUE in winter was 20℃. In the spring, the CPUE had an increasing trend with the depth of water. The CPUE was the largest at 160 m. The CPUE changed with water depth in summer, and reached a maximum at 140 m. The CPUE increased first and then decreased with the water depth in autumn, at a water depth of 60 m. The maximum was reached when the CPUE increased with the increase of water depth in winter, and reached the maximum at 140 m. The high value of CPUE in spring was mainly distributed in the southeast side of Hainan Island and the sea area outside Shantou. The summer CPUE high-value area was mainly distributed in the southeast side of Hainan Island and the coastal waters of Guangdong Province. The high CPUE area in autumn was mainly distributed in the outer sea area of the Pearl River Estuary, and the lower, high-value areas were mainly distributed in the southern part of the Beibu Gulf and the offshore waters of Shantou. The gray correlation analysis between CPUE and SST, and D and SSTD showed that CPUE and SSTD had the highest correlation in each season. Based on the one-dimensional nonlinear regression, a relationship model between SSTD and CPUE was established. The modeled theoretical CPUEi high-value area had obvious seasonal changes. For the actual CPUE, the distribution of the high-value area was consistent with the theoretical CPUEi high value area distribution, and the average accuracy of the model was 75%. The fisheries for Priacanthus macracanthus in different seasons showed different distributional trends. The distribution of fisheries in summer and autumn was more dispersed than those in winter and spring, and the CPUE was significantly higher than those in winter and spring, which may be related to the biological characteristics of spawning in summer. In addition, the large-eyed fishery in the northern part of the South China Sea had an obvious plaque-like distribution, which was quite different from the traditionally assumed fishery. The distribution of CPUE high-value areas tended to be concentrated, whereas the CPUE of most sea areas was low and had certain clustering features. From the spatial location of the fishery distribution, the winter and spring fishing grounds were mostly distributed in the offshore waters, which were farther away from the shore in summer and autumn. This may be related to the seasonal variation of temperature and bio-distribution of the bait; also, the temperature of the sea in winter and spring is low. The distribution of the main feed bio-shrimp, cephalopod larvae, and chlorophyll was closer to the shore, so the CPUE high-value area was mainly concentrated in the coastal waters; whereas the summer and autumn seawater temperature rises, and the chlorophyll high-value area is offshore. The direction moves, so the CPUE high-value area was mainly distributed in the offshore waters with deep-water depth.
引文
[1]Sun D R,Lin Z J.Variations of major commercial fish stocks and strategies for fishery management in Beibu Gulf[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2004,23(2):62-68.[孙典荣,林昭进.北部湾主要经济鱼类资源变动分析及保护对策探讨[J].热带海洋学报,2004,23(2):62-68.]
[2]Ju P L.Study on the changes of the ecological characteristics of four species of fish in the Taiwan Strait and its adjacent waters[D].Xiamen:Xiamen University,2015:47-56.[鞠培龙.台湾海峡及其邻近海域四种底层及近底层鱼类生态学特征变化的研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2015:47-56.]
[3]Chen G B,Li Y Z,Zhao X Y,et al.Acoustic assessment of five groups commercial fish in South China Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2006,28(2):128-134.[陈国宝,李永振,赵宪勇,等.南海5类重要经济鱼类资源声学评估[J].海洋学报,2006,28(2):128-134.]
[4]Lu Z B,Dai Q S,Yan Y M.A study of population dynamics of major benthic commercial fishes in Fujian coastal waters[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1999,18(1):100-105.[卢振彬,戴泉水,颜尤明.福建近海主要底层经济鱼类的种群动态[J].台湾海峡,1999,18(1):100-105.]
[5]Jabbar M A,Kamal M M,Boer M,et al.Population dynamics of the red bigeye(Priacanthus macracanthus Cuvier,1829)(Fish:Family Priacanthidae)in Palabuhanratu Bay,Indonesia[J].Aquaculture,Aquarium,Conservation&Legislation,2017,10(5):1198-1209.
[6]Joung S J,Chen C T.Age and growth of the big eye Priacanthus macracanthus from the surrounding water of Guei-Shan Island,Taiwan[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1992,58(3):481-488.
[7]Lu Z H,Zhu Z J,Lin X P.Food habits of Priacanthus macracanthus in East China Sea region[J].Marine Fisheries,2010,32(2):199-203.[卢占晖,朱增军,林显鹏.东海区短尾大眼鲷的食性分析[J].海洋渔业,2010,32(2):199-203.]
[8]Sun D R,Qiu Y S.Estimation of growth and mortality parameters of Priacanthus macracanthus in the north continental shelf of South China Sea[J].Journal of Zhanjiang Ocean University,2004,24(1):28-34.[孙典荣,邱永松.南海北部大陆架短尾大眼鲷生长和死亡参数估计[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2004,24(1):28-34.]
[9]Zhang K,Chen Z Z,Wang Y Z,et al.Population structure of Priacanthus macracanthus in the Beibu Gulf,and parameters for its growth,morality and maturity[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2016,35(5):20-28.[张魁,陈作志,王跃中,等.北部湾短尾大眼鲷群体结构及生长、死亡和性成熟参数估计[J].热带海洋学报,2016,35(5):20-28.]
[10]Ju P L,Yang L,Lu Z B,et al.Age,growth,mortality and population structure of silver croaker Pennahia argentata(Houttuyn,1782)and red bigeye Priacanthus macracanthus(Cuvier,1829)in the north-central Taiwan Strait[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2016,32(4):652-660.
[11]Xiong D,Li M,Chen Z Z,et al.Genetic structure of Priacanthus macracanthus population from the South China Sea[J].South China Fisheries Science,2015,11(2):27-34.[熊丹,李敏,陈作志,等.南海短尾大眼鲷的种群遗传结构分析[J].南方水产科学,2015,11(2):27-34.]
[12]Xiong D,Li M,Li Y Z,et al.Sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b and identification of the Priacanthus macracanthus population in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2016,23(1):188-197.[熊丹,李敏,李永振,等.南海短尾大眼鲷线粒体Cyt b基因序列及种群判别分析[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(1):188-197.]
[13]Chen X J.Application of Grey System Theory in Fishery Science[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2003:23-28.[陈新军.灰色系统理论在渔业科学中的应用[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:23-28.]
[14]Du R Q.Biostatistics[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2003:78-92.[杜荣骞.生物统计学[M]:北京:高等敎育出版社,2003:78-92.]
[15]Fan J T,Chen G B,Chen Z Z.Forecasting fishing ground of calamary in the northern South China Sea according to habitat suitability index[J].South China Fisheries Science,2017,13(4):11-16.[范江涛,陈国宝,陈作志.基于栖息地指数的南海北部枪乌贼渔情预报模型构建[J].南方水产科学,2017,13(4):11-16.]
[16]Fan J T,Chen Z Z,Zhang J,et al.Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis fishing grounds analysis based on marine environmental factors and different weight coefficients in the Zhongxisha and Xisha Islands,South China Sea[J].South China Fisheries Science,2016,12(4):57-63.[范江涛,陈作志,张俊,等.基于海洋环境因子和不同权重系数的南海中沙西沙海域鸢乌贼渔场分析[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(4):57-63.]
[17]Fan J T,Zhang J,Feng X,et al.Analysis of Sthenoteuthis oualaniens fishing grounds in Nansha sea area based on geostatistics[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(2):442-446.[范江涛,张俊,冯雪,等.基于地统计学的南沙海域鸢乌贼渔场分析[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(2):442-446.]
[18]Wang Z Q.Geostatistics and Its Application in Ecology[M].Beijing:Science Press,1999:38-55.[王政权.地统计学及在生态学中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:38-55.]
[19]Liu K M,Hung K Y,Chen C T.Reproductive biology of the big eye Priacanthus macracanthus in the north‐eastern waters off Taiwan[J].Fisheries Science,2001,67(6):1008-1014.
[20]Liu K M,Chen C T,Joung S J.Some aspects on the fishery biology of big eye Priacanthus macracanthus in the Tungkang waters,southwestern Taiwan[J].Journal of Taiwan Fisheries Association,1992,19(4):251-262.
[21]Zhang J,Yao Z,Lin L S,et al.Spatial distribution of biomass and fishery biology of main commercial fish in the mouth of Beibu Bay and the southwestern waters of the Nansha Islands[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2016,46(11):158-167.[张静,姚壮,林龙山,等.北部湾口和南沙群岛西南部海域主要渔获种类的生物学特征及其数量分布[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2016,46(11):158-167.]
[22]Lu H J,Lee H L.Changes in the fish species composition in the coastal zones of the Kuroshio Current and China Coastal Current during periods of climate change:Observations from the set-net fishery(1993-2011)[J].Fisheries Research,2014,155(4):103-113.
[23]Hsieh C H,Chiu T S.Summer spatial distribution of copepods and fish larvae in relation to hydrography in the northern Taiwan Strait[J].Zoological Studies,2004,41(1):85-98.
[24]Chen X J,Tian S Q.Study on the catch distribution and relationship between fishing ground and surface temperature for Ommastrephes Bartrami in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Ocean University of China:Natural Science,2005,35(1):101-107.
[25]Yu W,Chen X J,Yi Q,et al.Variability of suitable habitat of western winter-Spring cohort for neon flying squid in the Northwest Pacific under anomalous environments[J].PLoSONE,2015,10(4):e0122997.
[26]Zainuddin M,Saitoh K,Saitoh S I.Albacore(Thunnus alalunga)fishing ground in relation to oceanographic conditions in the western North Pacific Ocean using remotely sensed satellite data[J].Fisheries Oceanography,2008,17(2):61-73.
[27]Zhu J,Xu J,Zhang C,et al.Marine fishing ground prediction based on Bayesian decision tree model[C]//Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Management Engineering,Software Engineering and Service Sciences.New York:ACM Press,2017:316-320.
[28]Alabia I D,Saitoh S I,Mugo R,et al.Seasonal potential fishing ground prediction of neon flying squid(Ommastrephes bartramii)in the western and central North Pacific[J].Fisheries Oceanography,2015,24(2):190-203.
[2]Ju P L.Study on the changes of the ecological characteristics of four species of fish in the Taiwan Strait and its adjacent waters[D].Xiamen:Xiamen University,2015:47-56.[鞠培龙.台湾海峡及其邻近海域四种底层及近底层鱼类生态学特征变化的研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2015:47-56.]
[3]Chen G B,Li Y Z,Zhao X Y,et al.Acoustic assessment of five groups commercial fish in South China Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2006,28(2):128-134.[陈国宝,李永振,赵宪勇,等.南海5类重要经济鱼类资源声学评估[J].海洋学报,2006,28(2):128-134.]
[4]Lu Z B,Dai Q S,Yan Y M.A study of population dynamics of major benthic commercial fishes in Fujian coastal waters[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1999,18(1):100-105.[卢振彬,戴泉水,颜尤明.福建近海主要底层经济鱼类的种群动态[J].台湾海峡,1999,18(1):100-105.]
[5]Jabbar M A,Kamal M M,Boer M,et al.Population dynamics of the red bigeye(Priacanthus macracanthus Cuvier,1829)(Fish:Family Priacanthidae)in Palabuhanratu Bay,Indonesia[J].Aquaculture,Aquarium,Conservation&Legislation,2017,10(5):1198-1209.
[6]Joung S J,Chen C T.Age and growth of the big eye Priacanthus macracanthus from the surrounding water of Guei-Shan Island,Taiwan[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1992,58(3):481-488.
[7]Lu Z H,Zhu Z J,Lin X P.Food habits of Priacanthus macracanthus in East China Sea region[J].Marine Fisheries,2010,32(2):199-203.[卢占晖,朱增军,林显鹏.东海区短尾大眼鲷的食性分析[J].海洋渔业,2010,32(2):199-203.]
[8]Sun D R,Qiu Y S.Estimation of growth and mortality parameters of Priacanthus macracanthus in the north continental shelf of South China Sea[J].Journal of Zhanjiang Ocean University,2004,24(1):28-34.[孙典荣,邱永松.南海北部大陆架短尾大眼鲷生长和死亡参数估计[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2004,24(1):28-34.]
[9]Zhang K,Chen Z Z,Wang Y Z,et al.Population structure of Priacanthus macracanthus in the Beibu Gulf,and parameters for its growth,morality and maturity[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2016,35(5):20-28.[张魁,陈作志,王跃中,等.北部湾短尾大眼鲷群体结构及生长、死亡和性成熟参数估计[J].热带海洋学报,2016,35(5):20-28.]
[10]Ju P L,Yang L,Lu Z B,et al.Age,growth,mortality and population structure of silver croaker Pennahia argentata(Houttuyn,1782)and red bigeye Priacanthus macracanthus(Cuvier,1829)in the north-central Taiwan Strait[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2016,32(4):652-660.
[11]Xiong D,Li M,Chen Z Z,et al.Genetic structure of Priacanthus macracanthus population from the South China Sea[J].South China Fisheries Science,2015,11(2):27-34.[熊丹,李敏,陈作志,等.南海短尾大眼鲷的种群遗传结构分析[J].南方水产科学,2015,11(2):27-34.]
[12]Xiong D,Li M,Li Y Z,et al.Sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b and identification of the Priacanthus macracanthus population in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2016,23(1):188-197.[熊丹,李敏,李永振,等.南海短尾大眼鲷线粒体Cyt b基因序列及种群判别分析[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(1):188-197.]
[13]Chen X J.Application of Grey System Theory in Fishery Science[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2003:23-28.[陈新军.灰色系统理论在渔业科学中的应用[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:23-28.]
[14]Du R Q.Biostatistics[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2003:78-92.[杜荣骞.生物统计学[M]:北京:高等敎育出版社,2003:78-92.]
[15]Fan J T,Chen G B,Chen Z Z.Forecasting fishing ground of calamary in the northern South China Sea according to habitat suitability index[J].South China Fisheries Science,2017,13(4):11-16.[范江涛,陈国宝,陈作志.基于栖息地指数的南海北部枪乌贼渔情预报模型构建[J].南方水产科学,2017,13(4):11-16.]
[16]Fan J T,Chen Z Z,Zhang J,et al.Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis fishing grounds analysis based on marine environmental factors and different weight coefficients in the Zhongxisha and Xisha Islands,South China Sea[J].South China Fisheries Science,2016,12(4):57-63.[范江涛,陈作志,张俊,等.基于海洋环境因子和不同权重系数的南海中沙西沙海域鸢乌贼渔场分析[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(4):57-63.]
[17]Fan J T,Zhang J,Feng X,et al.Analysis of Sthenoteuthis oualaniens fishing grounds in Nansha sea area based on geostatistics[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(2):442-446.[范江涛,张俊,冯雪,等.基于地统计学的南沙海域鸢乌贼渔场分析[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(2):442-446.]
[18]Wang Z Q.Geostatistics and Its Application in Ecology[M].Beijing:Science Press,1999:38-55.[王政权.地统计学及在生态学中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:38-55.]
[19]Liu K M,Hung K Y,Chen C T.Reproductive biology of the big eye Priacanthus macracanthus in the north‐eastern waters off Taiwan[J].Fisheries Science,2001,67(6):1008-1014.
[20]Liu K M,Chen C T,Joung S J.Some aspects on the fishery biology of big eye Priacanthus macracanthus in the Tungkang waters,southwestern Taiwan[J].Journal of Taiwan Fisheries Association,1992,19(4):251-262.
[21]Zhang J,Yao Z,Lin L S,et al.Spatial distribution of biomass and fishery biology of main commercial fish in the mouth of Beibu Bay and the southwestern waters of the Nansha Islands[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2016,46(11):158-167.[张静,姚壮,林龙山,等.北部湾口和南沙群岛西南部海域主要渔获种类的生物学特征及其数量分布[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2016,46(11):158-167.]
[22]Lu H J,Lee H L.Changes in the fish species composition in the coastal zones of the Kuroshio Current and China Coastal Current during periods of climate change:Observations from the set-net fishery(1993-2011)[J].Fisheries Research,2014,155(4):103-113.
[23]Hsieh C H,Chiu T S.Summer spatial distribution of copepods and fish larvae in relation to hydrography in the northern Taiwan Strait[J].Zoological Studies,2004,41(1):85-98.
[24]Chen X J,Tian S Q.Study on the catch distribution and relationship between fishing ground and surface temperature for Ommastrephes Bartrami in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Ocean University of China:Natural Science,2005,35(1):101-107.
[25]Yu W,Chen X J,Yi Q,et al.Variability of suitable habitat of western winter-Spring cohort for neon flying squid in the Northwest Pacific under anomalous environments[J].PLoSONE,2015,10(4):e0122997.
[26]Zainuddin M,Saitoh K,Saitoh S I.Albacore(Thunnus alalunga)fishing ground in relation to oceanographic conditions in the western North Pacific Ocean using remotely sensed satellite data[J].Fisheries Oceanography,2008,17(2):61-73.
[27]Zhu J,Xu J,Zhang C,et al.Marine fishing ground prediction based on Bayesian decision tree model[C]//Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Management Engineering,Software Engineering and Service Sciences.New York:ACM Press,2017:316-320.
[28]Alabia I D,Saitoh S I,Mugo R,et al.Seasonal potential fishing ground prediction of neon flying squid(Ommastrephes bartramii)in the western and central North Pacific[J].Fisheries Oceanography,2015,24(2):190-203.
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