社会资本对生态补偿绩效的影响机制研究——以锡林郭勒盟草原生态补偿为例
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摘要
通过对农户开展的问卷调查分析了锡林郭勒盟草原生态补偿绩效,结果表明生态补偿绩效不容乐观,农户感受到的生态环境状况仅有小幅度的改善,消除经济激励之后农户表现出较低的参与积极性.基于结构方程模型,以农户自我发展能力和生态保护能力为中介,构建社会资本对生态补偿绩效的影响机制模型.结果表明社会资本对经济效应表现出显著负影响;对生态效应表现出显著正影响.社会网络、普遍信任、机构信任、互助倾向和惩罚程度对于经济效应影响系数分别为-0.05、-0.05、-0.01、-0.06和-0.03;对于社会效应影响系数分别为0.11、0.10、0.03、0.12和0.06;对于生态效应影响系数分别为0.36、0.33、0.09、0.38和0.19.在社会资本5项维度中互助倾向反映度最高,机构信任最低,因子载荷分别为0.77和0.19.农户自我发展能力和生态保护能力在社会资本对生态补偿绩效影响中表现出显著中介作用.
A survey on farmers and herdsmen in Xilin Gol League grassland has been done for evaluating the ecologicalcompensation performance. The results showed that the ecological compensation performance is not optimistic. Farmers perceivedthat the ecological environment is only slightly improved, and showed less enthusiasm for participation if the economic incentiveswere eliminated. Based on the structural equation model, this paper constructed an influence mechanism of social capital onecological compensation performance, with the self-development ability and the ecological protection ability of farmers as themediator variables. The results showed that social capital had a significant negative impact on the economic effects and a significantpositive impact on the ecological effects.The influence coefficients of social networks, universal trust, institutional trust, mutual aidand compliance with social norms on the economic effects were respectively-0.05、-0.05、-0.01、-0.06 and-0.03; the influencecoefficients on the social effects were respectively 0.11、0.10、0.03、0.12 and 0.06; the influence coefficients on the ecological effectswere respectively 0.36、0.33、0.09、0.38 and 0.19. Among the five variables used to reflect social capital, the tendency of mutual aidwas the highest, which was 0.77, institutional trust was the lowest, which was 0.19. In addition, the ecological protection ability andself-development ability of farmers played a significant medium effect between social capital and the perception of ecologicalcompensation performance.
A survey on farmers and herdsmen in Xilin Gol League grassland has been done for evaluating the ecologicalcompensation performance. The results showed that the ecological compensation performance is not optimistic. Farmers perceivedthat the ecological environment is only slightly improved, and showed less enthusiasm for participation if the economic incentiveswere eliminated. Based on the structural equation model, this paper constructed an influence mechanism of social capital onecological compensation performance, with the self-development ability and the ecological protection ability of farmers as themediator variables. The results showed that social capital had a significant negative impact on the economic effects and a significantpositive impact on the ecological effects.The influence coefficients of social networks, universal trust, institutional trust, mutual aidand compliance with social norms on the economic effects were respectively-0.05、-0.05、-0.01、-0.06 and-0.03; the influencecoefficients on the social effects were respectively 0.11、0.10、0.03、0.12 and 0.06; the influence coefficients on the ecological effectswere respectively 0.36、0.33、0.09、0.38 and 0.19. Among the five variables used to reflect social capital, the tendency of mutual aidwas the highest, which was 0.77, institutional trust was the lowest, which was 0.19. In addition, the ecological protection ability andself-development ability of farmers played a significant medium effect between social capital and the perception of ecologicalcompensation performance.
引文
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[26]刘威.基于结构方程模型的收益质量评价方法研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2008.Liu W.Based on structure equation model of the proceeds of the quality of evaluation study[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2008.
[2]Bremer L L,Farley K A,Lopez-Carr D.What factors influence participation in payment for ecosystem services programs?An evaluation of Ecuador's Socio Páramo program[J].Land Use Policy,2014,36(Complete):122-133.
[3]Yang W,Liu W,Vi?a A,et al.Performance and prospects of payments for ecosystem services programs:Evidence from China[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2013,127(5):86-95.
[4]张方圆,赵雪雁,田亚彪,等.社会资本对农户生态补偿参与意愿的影响--以甘肃省张掖市、甘南藏族自治州、临夏回族自治州为例[J].资源科学,2013,35(9):95-101.Zhang F Y,Zhao X Y,Tian Y B et al.Social capital and farmer willingness to participatein ecological compensation for three sites in Gansu[J].Resources Science,2013,35(9):95-101.
[5]Sierra R,Russman E.On the Efficiency of Environmental Service Payments:A Forest Conservation Assessment in the Osa Peninsula,Costa Rica[J].Ecological Economics,2006,59(1):131-141.
[6]Martin A,Grosscamp N,Kebede B,et al.Measuring effectiveness,efficiency and equity in an experimental Payments for Ecosystem Services trial.[J].Global Environmental Change,2014,28(1):216-226.
[7]Gauvin C,Uchida E,Rozelle S,et al.Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services with Dual Goals of Environment and Poverty Alleviation[J].Environmental Management,2010,45(3):488-501.
[8]王立安,刘升,钟方雷.生态补偿对贫困农户生计能力影响的定量分析[J].农村经济,2012(11):99-103.Wang L A,Liu S,Zhong F L.Quantitative analysis of the impact of ecological compensation on the poor farmers'livelihood ability[J].Rural Economy,2012(11):99-103.
[9]赵雪雁,张丽,江进德,等.生态补偿对农户生计的影响--以甘南黄河水源补给区为例[J].地理研究,2013,32(3):531-542.Zhao X Y,Zhang L,Jiang J D.The impact of ecological compensation on the farmers'livelihood:A case study of Huanghe River Water Supply Areas of Gannan[J].Geographical Research,2013,32(3):531-542.
[10]Tacconi L,Mahanty S,Suich H.The Livelihood Impacts of Payments for Environmental Services and Implications for REDD+[J].Society&Natural Resources,2013,26(6):733-744.
[11]Rasmussen K,Leisz S,Folving R,et al.The effects of land tenure policy on rural livelihoods and food sufficiency in the upland village of Que,North Central Vietnam[J].Agricultural Systems,2007,94(2):309-319.
[12]Hejnowicz A P,Raffaelli D G,Rudd M A,et al.Evaluating the outcomes of payments for ecosystem services programmes using a capital asset framework[J].Ecosystem Services,2014,9:83-97.
[13]饶清华,颜梦佳,林秀珠,等.基于帕累托改进的闽江流域生态补偿标准研究[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(4):1235-1241.Rao Q H,Yan M J,Lin X Z et al.Ecological compensation standard for Minjiang River based on Pareto improvement[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(04):1235-1241.
[14]穆贵玲,汪义杰,李丽,等.水源地生态补偿标准动态测算模型及其应用[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(7):2658-2664.Mu G L,Wang Y J,Li L et al.Development and application of the dynamic calculation model for proposing a water source ecocompensation standard[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(7):2658-2664.
[15]王西琴,刘维哲,张馨月,等.基于空间优化的九洲江流域畜禽养殖生态补偿[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(11):4361-4368.Wang X Q,Liu W Z,Zhang X Y et al.Studies on eco-compensation livestock breeding in Jiuzhou River Basin based on space optimization[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(11):4361-4368.
[16]虞慧怡,许志华,曾贤刚,等.社会资本对环境政策的影响研究进展[J].软科学,2016,30(1):22-25.Yu H Y,Xu Z H,Zeng X G et al.Research on the influence progress of social capital on environmental policies[J].Soft Science,2016,30(1):22-25.
[17]谭荣.陕南秦巴山区农户环境行为的影响因素分析[D].山西师范大学,2012.Tan R.Analysis of factors influencing the environmental behavior of rural households in mountainous areas of south Shaanxi[D].Shanxi Normal University,2012.
[18]Meyer E,Smith E W,Haigh J M.The impact of social capital on residential water-affecting behaviors in a Drought-Prone Australian Community[J].Society&Natural Resources,2008,21(3):244-257.
[19]Jones N,Malesios C,Botetzagias I.The influence of social capital on willingness to pay for the environment among European Citizens[J].European Societies,2009,11(4):511-530.
[20]Wakefield S E L,Elliott S J,Eyles J D,et al.Taking environmental action:The role of local composition,context,and collective[J].Environmental Management,2006,37(1):40-53.
[21]Anderson J E.Public policymaking:An introduction[M].Houghton Mifflin,2003.
[22]Fukuyama F.Trust:The social virtues and creation of prosperity[J].1996.
[23]Baland J M,Platteau J P.Division of the commons:A partial assessment of the new institutional economics of land rights[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,1998,80(3):644-650.
[24]Pretty J.Social capital and the collective management of Resources[J].Science,2003,302(5652):1912-1914.
[25]郑剑.社会资本论[D].华中科技大学,2011.Zheng J.The study of social capital[D].Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2011.
[26]刘威.基于结构方程模型的收益质量评价方法研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2008.Liu W.Based on structure equation model of the proceeds of the quality of evaluation study[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2008.