中国草原生态文明制度的变迁路径及影响因素——基于25个草原治理政策法规的跨案例分析
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摘要
草原制度是中国生态文明制度不可缺少的组成部分。基于25个草原治理政策法规的跨案例分析,以诺斯的制度变迁理论为视角,从变迁目标、变迁主体、变迁过程和变迁环境等方面研究了中国草原生态文明制度变迁的路径及影响因素。研究发现:制度变迁路径大致可分为草原经济效益优先的缓慢发展阶段、草原经济效益和生态效益并重的快速阶段和生态效益优先的稳定发展阶段的三个阶段;制度变迁的绩效主要受变迁目标的可持续发展程度、变迁主体的领导者环保理念、变迁过程的参与程度以及变迁环境的外部制度四个要素的影响。提出应从上述四个方面入手,实现中国草原生态文明制度高绩效变迁。
The grassland institution is an indispensable part of China's ecological civilization institution. Based on a cross-case analysis of 25 laws and regulations on grassland governance,in the perspective of North's institutional change theory,this paper analyses the path and influence factors of the institutional changes of China's grassland ecological civilization from four aspects of the institutional change,i. e. the goal,the subjects,the process and the environment. The results are as follows: first,the path can be divided into three phases: the slow-developing phase when the economic benefits possess higher significance,the fast-developing phase when the economic benefits and ecological benefits share an equal position,and the steady-developing phase when the ecological value is of predominance. Second,there are four factors influencing the performance of the institutional change,which are the sustainable degree of the institutional goal,the environmental protection concept of the leaders,the participation of other subjects in the institutional change process,and the strength of the external institutional support. Finally,this paper puts forward four suggestions to promote the performance of institutional change of China's grassland ecological civilization.
The grassland institution is an indispensable part of China's ecological civilization institution. Based on a cross-case analysis of 25 laws and regulations on grassland governance,in the perspective of North's institutional change theory,this paper analyses the path and influence factors of the institutional changes of China's grassland ecological civilization from four aspects of the institutional change,i. e. the goal,the subjects,the process and the environment. The results are as follows: first,the path can be divided into three phases: the slow-developing phase when the economic benefits possess higher significance,the fast-developing phase when the economic benefits and ecological benefits share an equal position,and the steady-developing phase when the ecological value is of predominance. Second,there are four factors influencing the performance of the institutional change,which are the sustainable degree of the institutional goal,the environmental protection concept of the leaders,the participation of other subjects in the institutional change process,and the strength of the external institutional support. Finally,this paper puts forward four suggestions to promote the performance of institutional change of China's grassland ecological civilization.
引文
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[2]夏光.生态文明制度建设论纲[C]//中国环境科学学会.中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集:第1卷.北京:中国环境科学学会,2013:5.
[3]周立,董小瑜.“三牧”问题的制度逻辑———中国草场管理与产权制度变迁研究[J].中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013,30(2):94—107.
[4] LIN Y F. An economic theory of institutional change Induced and imposed change[J]. Cato Journal,2013,9(1):133.
[5]杨立华.制度变迁方式的经典模型及其知识驱动性多维断移分析框架[J].江苏行政学院学,2011(1):74—81.
[6] YANG L H,WU J G. Knowledge-driven institutional change:An empirical study on combating desertification in northern china from1949 to 2004[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2012,110:254—266.
[7]王彦星,郑群英,晏兆莉,等.气候变化背景下草原产权制度变迁对畜牧业的影响———以青藏高原东缘牧区为例[J].草业科学,2015,32(10):1687—1694.
[8]杨立华,常多粉.我国大气污染治理制度变迁的过程、特点、问题及建议[J].新视野,2016(1):94—100.
[9]道格拉斯·诺思.制度、制度变迁与经济绩效[M].杭行,韦森,译.上海:格致出版社,2008:3.
[10] DAVIS L,NORTH D. Institutional change and American economic growth[M]. London:Cambridge University Press,1971:131.
[11]道格拉斯·诺斯.经济史中的结构与变迁[M].上海:上海出版社,1994:36.
[12]杨立华.沙漠化治理制度变迁的设计原则:基于中国北方五省的实证分析[J].公共管理评论,2011(1):3—25.
[13]罗伯特·殷.案例研究:设计与方法[M].周海涛,李永贤,李虔,译.重庆:重庆大学出版社,2010:123.
[14]陈洁,罗丹.中国草原生态治理调查[M].上海:上海远东出版社,2009:28.
[15]查尔斯·林德布洛姆.决策过程[M].上海:上海译文出版社,1988:52—89.
[16]布小林.立法的社会过程:对草原法案例的分析与思考[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2007:24.
[17]蔡潇彬.诺斯的制度变迁理论研究[J].东南学术,2016(1):120—127.
[18]文森特·奥斯特罗姆.美国公共行政的思想危机[M].上海:三联书店,1999:70.
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