热损伤大理岩三轴力学特性及强度模型
|
摘要
高温作用会引起岩石热损伤。对经历20℃(常温),200℃,400℃和600℃温度处理后的粗粒大理岩试样开展40 MPa围压范围内的常规三轴压缩试验,研究热损伤对孔隙率、纵波波速、裂纹发育的影响,分析高温处理和围压共同作用下大理岩的强度与变形特征,并采用GSI弱化方法,基于Hoek-Brown模型提出一种可以描述热损伤岩石强度规律的GSI弱化模型。结果表明:随热处理温度升高,热损伤微裂纹逐渐增多,孔隙率增大,纵波波速迅速下降,岩石的延性得到显著增强;热损伤作用会显著降低岩石的强度,而随着围压逐渐增大,不同温度处理后的岩石强度逐渐趋于一致,表明在高围压条件下围压是影响岩石强度的主要因素;通过试验数据和3组热损伤大理岩试验数据验证可以发现,提出的GSI弱化模型可以较好地反映热损伤岩石的强度随围压的变化规律,GSI指标的变化可以表征热损伤程度的大小。
High temperature treatment can induce thermal damage to rock. Conventional triaxial compression tests on coarse-grained marble specimens after exposure to different high temperatures are conducted. The influence of thermal damage on porosity,P-wave velocity,and thermal micro-cracking behavior is investigated and the combined effects of thermal damage and confinement on the strength and deformation behavior are studied. A GSI-softening model,which is based on the widely used Hoek-Brown model,is also proposed to capture the strength behavior of thermally-damage rock. The main findings of this study are as follows:As the treatment temperature gradually increases,more thermally-induced micro-cracks can be observed in the specimen. The porosity increases and the P-wave velocity decreases with the increase in the treatment temperature. The ductility of the rock is enhanced as the treatment temperature increases. High temperature treatment can greatly reduce the rock strength. However,as the treatment temperature gradually increases,the strengths of rock specimen under different temperature treatments approach the same,indicating that the confinement is the main factor that controls the rock strength when the confining pressure is high. Based on test data in this study and three sets of test data from previous publications,it is found that the variation of rock strength with confining pressure for thermal damaged rock can be well captured using the proposed GSI-softening model. The variation of GSI in the model can represent the thermal damage in the rock to some extent.
High temperature treatment can induce thermal damage to rock. Conventional triaxial compression tests on coarse-grained marble specimens after exposure to different high temperatures are conducted. The influence of thermal damage on porosity,P-wave velocity,and thermal micro-cracking behavior is investigated and the combined effects of thermal damage and confinement on the strength and deformation behavior are studied. A GSI-softening model,which is based on the widely used Hoek-Brown model,is also proposed to capture the strength behavior of thermally-damage rock. The main findings of this study are as follows:As the treatment temperature gradually increases,more thermally-induced micro-cracks can be observed in the specimen. The porosity increases and the P-wave velocity decreases with the increase in the treatment temperature. The ductility of the rock is enhanced as the treatment temperature increases. High temperature treatment can greatly reduce the rock strength. However,as the treatment temperature gradually increases,the strengths of rock specimen under different temperature treatments approach the same,indicating that the confinement is the main factor that controls the rock strength when the confining pressure is high. Based on test data in this study and three sets of test data from previous publications,it is found that the variation of rock strength with confining pressure for thermal damaged rock can be well captured using the proposed GSI-softening model. The variation of GSI in the model can represent the thermal damage in the rock to some extent.
引文
[1]谢和平,高峰,鞠杨.深部岩体力学研究与探索[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(11):2 161-2 178.(XIE Heping,GAO Feng,JU Yang.Research and development of rock mechanics in deep ground engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(11):2 161-2 178.(in Chinese))
[2]EMMERMANN R,LAUTERJUNG J.The German continental deep drilling program KTB:overview and major results[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(B8):18 179-18 201.
[3]许锡昌,刘泉声.高温下花岗岩基本力学性质初步研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(3):332-335.(XU Xidong,LIU Quansheng.Apreliminary study on basic mechanical properties for granite at high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(3):332-335.(in Chinese))
[4]王颖轶,张宏君,黄醒春,等.高温作用下大理岩应力-应变全过程的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(增2):2 345-2 349.(WANG Yingyi,ZHANG Hongjun,HUANG Xingchun,et al.Experimental study on whole stress-strain course of marble under the action of high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(Supp.2):2 345-2 349.(in Chinese))
[5]张宁,赵阳升,万志军,等.高温三维应力下花岗岩三维蠕变的模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(5):875-881.(ZHANG Ning,ZHAO Yangsheng,WAN Zhijun,et al.Model study of three-dimensional granite creep properties under high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(5):875-881.(in Chinese))
[6]赵阳升,万志军,张渊,等.岩石热破裂与渗透性相关规律的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):1 970-1 976.(ZHAO Yangsheng,WAN Zhijun,ZHANG Yuan,et al.Experimental study of related laws of rock thermal cracking and permeability[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):1 970-1 976.(in Chinese))
[7]LIU S,XU J.Mechanical properties of Qinling biotite granite after high temperature treatment[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2014,71:188-193.
[8]CHAKI S,TAKARLI M,AGBODJAM W P.Influence of thermal damage on physical properties of a granite rock:Porosity,permeability and ultrasonic wave evolutions[J].Construction and Building Materials,2008,22(7):1 456-1 461.
[9]YAVUS H,DEMIRDAG S,CARAN S.Thermal effect on the physical properties of carbonate rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(1):94-103.
[10]张志镇,高峰,刘治军.温度影响下花岗岩冲击倾向及其微细观机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,29(8):1 591-1 602.(ZHANG Zhizhen,GAO Feng,LIU Zhijun.Research on rockburst proneness and its microcosmic mechanism of granite considering temperature effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,29(8):1 591-1 602.(in Chinese))
[11]吴刚,翟松韬,李玉寿,等.高温下大理岩受压破坏的细观结构分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增2):3 579-3 585.(WUGang,ZHAI Songtao,LI Yushou,et al.Mesostructural investigation on marbles under uniaxial compression at high temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(Supp.2):3 579-3 585.(in Chinese))
[12]尹光志,李小双,赵洪宝.高温后粗砂岩常规三轴压缩条件下力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(3):598-604.(YIN Guangzhi,LI Xiaoshuang,ZHAO Hongbao.Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of coarse sandstone after high temperature under conventional triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(3):598-604.(in Chinese))
[13]张渊,张贤,赵阳升.砂岩的热破裂过程[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):656-659.(ZHANG Yuan,ZHANG Xian,ZHAOYangsheng.Process of sandstone thermal cracking[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(3):656-659.(in Chinese))
[14]左建平,周宏伟,方园,等.甘肃北山地区深部花岗岩的热开裂试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(6):1 107-1 115.(ZUO Jianping,ZHOU Hongwei,FANG Yuan,et al.Experimental research on thermal cracking of deep granite in Beishan region,Gansu province[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(6):1 107-1 115.(in Chinese))
[15]GONZALEZ-GOMEZ W S,QUINTANA P,MAY-PAT A,et al.Thermal effects on the physical properties of limestones from the Yucatan Peninsula[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2015,75:182-189.
[16]尹土兵,李夕兵,王斌,等.高温后砂岩动态压缩条件下力学特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(5):777-784.(YIN Tubing,LI Xibing,WANG Bin,et al.Mechanical properties of sandstones after high temperature under dynamic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(5):777-784.(in Chinese))
[17]吴刚,邢爱国,张磊.砂岩高温后的力学特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(10):2 110-2 116.(WU Gang,XING Aiguo,ZHANG Lei.Mechanical characteristics of sandstone after high temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(10):2 110-2 116.(in Chinese))
[18]翟松韬,吴刚,张渊,等.高温作用下花岗岩的声发射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,32(1):126-134.(ZHAI Songtao,WU Gang,ZHANG Yuan,et al.Research on acoustic emission characteristics of granite under high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,32(1):126-134.(in Chinese))
[19]孙强,张志镇,薛雷,等.岩石高温相变与物理力学性质变化[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(5):935-942.(SUN Qiang,ZHANGZhizhen,XUE Lei,et al.Physico-mechanical properties variation of rock with phase transformation under high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(5):935-942.(in Chinese))
[20]JANSEN D P,CARLSON S R,YOUNG R P,et al.Ultrasonic imaging and acoustic emission monitoring of thermally induced microcracks in Lac du Bonnet granite[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,1993,98(B12):22 231-22 243.
[21]ROSENGREN K J,JAEGER J C.The mechanical properties of an interlocked low-porosity aggregate[J].Geotechnique,1968,18(3):317-326.
[22]BAHRANI N,KAISER P K.Strength degradation of non-persistently jointed rockmass[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2013,62:28-33.
[23]HOEK E,CARRANZA-TORRES C,CORKUM B.Hoek-Brown criterion-2002 edition[C]//Proceeding of the NARMS-TACConference.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2002:267-273.
[24]PENG J,RONG G,CAI M,et al.An empirical failure criterion for intact rocks[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2014,47(2):347-356.
[25]ULUSAY R,HUDSON J A.The complete ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization,testing and monitoring:1974-2006[M].[S.l.]:Commission on Testing Methods,International Society for Rock Mechanics,2007:95-99.
[26]GEROGIANNOPOULOS N G.A critical state approach in rock mechanics[Ph.D.Thesis][D].London:University of London,1976.
[27]彭俊,荣冠,周创兵,等.一种基于GSI弱化的应变软化模型[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(3):499-507.(PENG Jun,RONG Guan,ZHOU Chuangbing,et al.A strain-softening model based on GSIsoftening[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(3):499-507.(in Chinese))
[2]EMMERMANN R,LAUTERJUNG J.The German continental deep drilling program KTB:overview and major results[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(B8):18 179-18 201.
[3]许锡昌,刘泉声.高温下花岗岩基本力学性质初步研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(3):332-335.(XU Xidong,LIU Quansheng.Apreliminary study on basic mechanical properties for granite at high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(3):332-335.(in Chinese))
[4]王颖轶,张宏君,黄醒春,等.高温作用下大理岩应力-应变全过程的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(增2):2 345-2 349.(WANG Yingyi,ZHANG Hongjun,HUANG Xingchun,et al.Experimental study on whole stress-strain course of marble under the action of high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(Supp.2):2 345-2 349.(in Chinese))
[5]张宁,赵阳升,万志军,等.高温三维应力下花岗岩三维蠕变的模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(5):875-881.(ZHANG Ning,ZHAO Yangsheng,WAN Zhijun,et al.Model study of three-dimensional granite creep properties under high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(5):875-881.(in Chinese))
[6]赵阳升,万志军,张渊,等.岩石热破裂与渗透性相关规律的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):1 970-1 976.(ZHAO Yangsheng,WAN Zhijun,ZHANG Yuan,et al.Experimental study of related laws of rock thermal cracking and permeability[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):1 970-1 976.(in Chinese))
[7]LIU S,XU J.Mechanical properties of Qinling biotite granite after high temperature treatment[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2014,71:188-193.
[8]CHAKI S,TAKARLI M,AGBODJAM W P.Influence of thermal damage on physical properties of a granite rock:Porosity,permeability and ultrasonic wave evolutions[J].Construction and Building Materials,2008,22(7):1 456-1 461.
[9]YAVUS H,DEMIRDAG S,CARAN S.Thermal effect on the physical properties of carbonate rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(1):94-103.
[10]张志镇,高峰,刘治军.温度影响下花岗岩冲击倾向及其微细观机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,29(8):1 591-1 602.(ZHANG Zhizhen,GAO Feng,LIU Zhijun.Research on rockburst proneness and its microcosmic mechanism of granite considering temperature effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,29(8):1 591-1 602.(in Chinese))
[11]吴刚,翟松韬,李玉寿,等.高温下大理岩受压破坏的细观结构分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增2):3 579-3 585.(WUGang,ZHAI Songtao,LI Yushou,et al.Mesostructural investigation on marbles under uniaxial compression at high temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(Supp.2):3 579-3 585.(in Chinese))
[12]尹光志,李小双,赵洪宝.高温后粗砂岩常规三轴压缩条件下力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(3):598-604.(YIN Guangzhi,LI Xiaoshuang,ZHAO Hongbao.Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of coarse sandstone after high temperature under conventional triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(3):598-604.(in Chinese))
[13]张渊,张贤,赵阳升.砂岩的热破裂过程[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):656-659.(ZHANG Yuan,ZHANG Xian,ZHAOYangsheng.Process of sandstone thermal cracking[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(3):656-659.(in Chinese))
[14]左建平,周宏伟,方园,等.甘肃北山地区深部花岗岩的热开裂试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(6):1 107-1 115.(ZUO Jianping,ZHOU Hongwei,FANG Yuan,et al.Experimental research on thermal cracking of deep granite in Beishan region,Gansu province[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(6):1 107-1 115.(in Chinese))
[15]GONZALEZ-GOMEZ W S,QUINTANA P,MAY-PAT A,et al.Thermal effects on the physical properties of limestones from the Yucatan Peninsula[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2015,75:182-189.
[16]尹土兵,李夕兵,王斌,等.高温后砂岩动态压缩条件下力学特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(5):777-784.(YIN Tubing,LI Xibing,WANG Bin,et al.Mechanical properties of sandstones after high temperature under dynamic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(5):777-784.(in Chinese))
[17]吴刚,邢爱国,张磊.砂岩高温后的力学特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(10):2 110-2 116.(WU Gang,XING Aiguo,ZHANG Lei.Mechanical characteristics of sandstone after high temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(10):2 110-2 116.(in Chinese))
[18]翟松韬,吴刚,张渊,等.高温作用下花岗岩的声发射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,32(1):126-134.(ZHAI Songtao,WU Gang,ZHANG Yuan,et al.Research on acoustic emission characteristics of granite under high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,32(1):126-134.(in Chinese))
[19]孙强,张志镇,薛雷,等.岩石高温相变与物理力学性质变化[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(5):935-942.(SUN Qiang,ZHANGZhizhen,XUE Lei,et al.Physico-mechanical properties variation of rock with phase transformation under high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(5):935-942.(in Chinese))
[20]JANSEN D P,CARLSON S R,YOUNG R P,et al.Ultrasonic imaging and acoustic emission monitoring of thermally induced microcracks in Lac du Bonnet granite[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,1993,98(B12):22 231-22 243.
[21]ROSENGREN K J,JAEGER J C.The mechanical properties of an interlocked low-porosity aggregate[J].Geotechnique,1968,18(3):317-326.
[22]BAHRANI N,KAISER P K.Strength degradation of non-persistently jointed rockmass[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2013,62:28-33.
[23]HOEK E,CARRANZA-TORRES C,CORKUM B.Hoek-Brown criterion-2002 edition[C]//Proceeding of the NARMS-TACConference.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2002:267-273.
[24]PENG J,RONG G,CAI M,et al.An empirical failure criterion for intact rocks[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2014,47(2):347-356.
[25]ULUSAY R,HUDSON J A.The complete ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization,testing and monitoring:1974-2006[M].[S.l.]:Commission on Testing Methods,International Society for Rock Mechanics,2007:95-99.
[26]GEROGIANNOPOULOS N G.A critical state approach in rock mechanics[Ph.D.Thesis][D].London:University of London,1976.
[27]彭俊,荣冠,周创兵,等.一种基于GSI弱化的应变软化模型[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(3):499-507.(PENG Jun,RONG Guan,ZHOU Chuangbing,et al.A strain-softening model based on GSIsoftening[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(3):499-507.(in Chinese))