纯电动与柴油货车全生命周期能耗及排放分析
|
摘要
选择传统柴油厢式货车和纯电动厢式货车为研究对象.基于GREET软件,建立适宜于我国国情的车辆全生命周期计算模型,对比分析两款车型全生命周期的能耗、温室气体排放以及标准污染物排放情况;结果表明:纯电动货车全生命周期内的百公里能耗比柴油货车降低了6.57%,化石燃料、天然气、石油的百公里消耗量分别降低14.4%、58.8%、96.8%;纯电动货车CH_4、VOC、CO、NO_x的排放分别比柴油货车低16.7%、14.8%、63.0%和63.4%,而柴油货车的CO_2和SO_x的排放量比纯电动货车低7.2%和96.8%.同时对车辆进行不确定性分析和单因素的敏感性分析发现,纯电动货车全生命周期内CO_2排放量对电能生产阶段的敏感度高达66.9%,而且相较于柴油货车,纯电动货车在全生命周期能耗、一次能源消耗以及主要污染物的排放等方面受车辆寿命的影响较小,在长期运行过程中更能发挥其在节能减排方面的优势.
The vehicle life cycle model suitable for Chinese national conditions is established, based on GREET, to analyze the energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and standard pollutant emissions over the life cycle of the two kinds of vans, the traditional diesel van and pure electric van. The results show that the energy consumption in the life cycle of the electric van is 6.57% lower than that of the diesel van, and the consumption of fossil fuel, natural gas and oil is reduced by 14.4%, 58.8% and 96.8%, respectively. The emissions of CH_4, VOC, CO and NO_x of the electric van is 16.7%, 14.8%, 63% and 63.4% lower than that of the diesel van, however, the emissions of CO_2 and SO_x of diesel van is 7.2% and 96.8% lower than that of the electric van. At the same time, the uncertainty and the sensitivity analysis results show that the CO_2 emission in the whole life cycle of the electric van is very sensitive to the power production stage up to 65.3%; and compared with the diesel van, the electric van is less affected by vehicle life in terms of life cycle energy consumption, the primary energy consumption and the main pollutant emission. The electric truck will play more important role in energy saving and emission reduction during long-term operation.
The vehicle life cycle model suitable for Chinese national conditions is established, based on GREET, to analyze the energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and standard pollutant emissions over the life cycle of the two kinds of vans, the traditional diesel van and pure electric van. The results show that the energy consumption in the life cycle of the electric van is 6.57% lower than that of the diesel van, and the consumption of fossil fuel, natural gas and oil is reduced by 14.4%, 58.8% and 96.8%, respectively. The emissions of CH_4, VOC, CO and NO_x of the electric van is 16.7%, 14.8%, 63% and 63.4% lower than that of the diesel van, however, the emissions of CO_2 and SO_x of diesel van is 7.2% and 96.8% lower than that of the electric van. At the same time, the uncertainty and the sensitivity analysis results show that the CO_2 emission in the whole life cycle of the electric van is very sensitive to the power production stage up to 65.3%; and compared with the diesel van, the electric van is less affected by vehicle life in terms of life cycle energy consumption, the primary energy consumption and the main pollutant emission. The electric truck will play more important role in energy saving and emission reduction during long-term operation.
引文
2017年汽车工业经济运行情况.中华人民共和国工业和信息化部,装备工业司.[OL].2018-04-21.http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146285/n1146352/n3054355/n3057585/n3057592/c6011430/content.html.
Casals L C,Martinez-Laserna E,García B A,et al.2016.Sustainability analysis of the electric vehicle use in Europe for CO2 emissions reduction[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,127:425-437
陈元华,杨沿平,胡纾寒,等.2018.我国报废汽车回收利用现状分析与对策建议[J].中国工程科学,20(1):113-119
丁宁,杨建新.2015.中国化石能源生命周期清单分析[J].中国环境科学,35(5):1592-1600
Ensslen A,Steffens H,Fichtner W,et al.2017.Empirical carbon dioxide emissions of electric vehicles in a French-German commuter fleet test[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,142:263-278
国家统计局.中国统计年鉴:2015[EB/OL].2018-04-23.北京,中国统计出版社,2015.http:www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2015/indexch.htm
Hoehne C G,Chester M V.2016.Optimizing plug-in electric vehicle and vehicle-to-grid charge scheduling to minimize carbon emissions[J].Energy,115:646-657
洪飞.2016.我国电动汽车产业现状与发展策略研究[J].橡塑技术与装备,42(8):27-28
Huo H,Cai H,Zhang Q,et al.2015.Life-cycle assessment of greenhouse gas and air emissions of electric vehicles:A comparison between China and the U.S[J].Atmospheric Environment,108:107-116
Jaguemont J,Boulon L,Dubé Y.2016.A comprehensive review of lithium-ion batteries used in hybrid and electric vehicles at cold temperatures [J].Applied Energy,164:99-114
Kambly K R,Bradley T H.2014.Estimating the HVAC energy consumption of plug-in electric vehicles[J].Journal of Power Sources,259(7):117-124
Kim H C,Wallington T J,Arsenault R,et al.2016.Cradle-to-gate emissions from a commercial electric vehicle li-ion battery:A comparative analysis[J].Environmental Science & Technology,50(14):7715-7722
李书华.2014.电动汽车全生命周期分析及环境效益评价[D].长春:吉林大学
黎土煜,余大立,张洪申.2017.基于GREET的纯电动公交车与传统公交车全生命周期评估[J].环境科学研究,30(10):1653-1660
李鹞.2015.中国晶体硅太阳能电池板的生命周期评价[D].上海:上海交通大学
李玉辉,韩浩.2014.我国的能源现状及对未来发展的思考[J].内蒙古科技与经济,(1):3-4
梁炉,符钢战.2016.不同动力系统的插电式混合动力汽车全生命周期能耗和排放的对比分析[J].上海汽车,(3):45-50
刘凯辉.2016.比亚迪E6纯电动汽车全生命周期评价[D].福州:福建农林大学
刘鲲鹏,李方一,宋卓,等.2018基于生命周期评价的小型乘用车动力能耗对比[J].资源开发与市场,34(1):6-11
齐兴达,李显君,章博文.2017.中国温室气体减排成本有效性分析——以纯电动汽车为例[J].技术经济,36(4):72-78
施晓清,孙赵鑫,李笑诺,等.2015.北京电动出租车与燃油出租车生命周期环境影响比较研究[J].环境科学,36(3):1105-1116
宋凌珺,葛帅,冯莉原.2017.电动卡车与燃油卡车全生命周期能耗与排放对比研究[C]// 环境工程2017增刊2,35:409-413
孙涵洁.2017.基于不同发电构成的电动汽车全生命周期成本碳排放分析[J].电工技术,(8):146-148
Walmsley M R W,Walmsley T G,Atkins M J,et al.2015.Carbon emissions pinch analysis for emissions reductions in the New Zealand transport sector through to 2050[J].Energy,92:569-576
徐树杰,董长青.2014.基于GREET汽车全生命周期能耗排放研究[J].汽车工艺与材料,(2):10-13
《中国电力年鉴》编委会.2015.2015中国电力年鉴[M].2018-04-23.北京:中国电力出版社
Casals L C,Martinez-Laserna E,García B A,et al.2016.Sustainability analysis of the electric vehicle use in Europe for CO2 emissions reduction[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,127:425-437
陈元华,杨沿平,胡纾寒,等.2018.我国报废汽车回收利用现状分析与对策建议[J].中国工程科学,20(1):113-119
丁宁,杨建新.2015.中国化石能源生命周期清单分析[J].中国环境科学,35(5):1592-1600
Ensslen A,Steffens H,Fichtner W,et al.2017.Empirical carbon dioxide emissions of electric vehicles in a French-German commuter fleet test[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,142:263-278
国家统计局.中国统计年鉴:2015[EB/OL].2018-04-23.北京,中国统计出版社,2015.http:www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2015/indexch.htm
Hoehne C G,Chester M V.2016.Optimizing plug-in electric vehicle and vehicle-to-grid charge scheduling to minimize carbon emissions[J].Energy,115:646-657
洪飞.2016.我国电动汽车产业现状与发展策略研究[J].橡塑技术与装备,42(8):27-28
Huo H,Cai H,Zhang Q,et al.2015.Life-cycle assessment of greenhouse gas and air emissions of electric vehicles:A comparison between China and the U.S[J].Atmospheric Environment,108:107-116
Jaguemont J,Boulon L,Dubé Y.2016.A comprehensive review of lithium-ion batteries used in hybrid and electric vehicles at cold temperatures [J].Applied Energy,164:99-114
Kambly K R,Bradley T H.2014.Estimating the HVAC energy consumption of plug-in electric vehicles[J].Journal of Power Sources,259(7):117-124
Kim H C,Wallington T J,Arsenault R,et al.2016.Cradle-to-gate emissions from a commercial electric vehicle li-ion battery:A comparative analysis[J].Environmental Science & Technology,50(14):7715-7722
李书华.2014.电动汽车全生命周期分析及环境效益评价[D].长春:吉林大学
黎土煜,余大立,张洪申.2017.基于GREET的纯电动公交车与传统公交车全生命周期评估[J].环境科学研究,30(10):1653-1660
李鹞.2015.中国晶体硅太阳能电池板的生命周期评价[D].上海:上海交通大学
李玉辉,韩浩.2014.我国的能源现状及对未来发展的思考[J].内蒙古科技与经济,(1):3-4
梁炉,符钢战.2016.不同动力系统的插电式混合动力汽车全生命周期能耗和排放的对比分析[J].上海汽车,(3):45-50
刘凯辉.2016.比亚迪E6纯电动汽车全生命周期评价[D].福州:福建农林大学
刘鲲鹏,李方一,宋卓,等.2018基于生命周期评价的小型乘用车动力能耗对比[J].资源开发与市场,34(1):6-11
齐兴达,李显君,章博文.2017.中国温室气体减排成本有效性分析——以纯电动汽车为例[J].技术经济,36(4):72-78
施晓清,孙赵鑫,李笑诺,等.2015.北京电动出租车与燃油出租车生命周期环境影响比较研究[J].环境科学,36(3):1105-1116
宋凌珺,葛帅,冯莉原.2017.电动卡车与燃油卡车全生命周期能耗与排放对比研究[C]// 环境工程2017增刊2,35:409-413
孙涵洁.2017.基于不同发电构成的电动汽车全生命周期成本碳排放分析[J].电工技术,(8):146-148
Walmsley M R W,Walmsley T G,Atkins M J,et al.2015.Carbon emissions pinch analysis for emissions reductions in the New Zealand transport sector through to 2050[J].Energy,92:569-576
徐树杰,董长青.2014.基于GREET汽车全生命周期能耗排放研究[J].汽车工艺与材料,(2):10-13
《中国电力年鉴》编委会.2015.2015中国电力年鉴[M].2018-04-23.北京:中国电力出版社
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |