哈尔滨市农村土壤重金属污染情况调查分析
|
摘要
目的通过对哈尔滨市农村土壤中重金属含量进行监测和分析,掌握目前哈尔滨市农村土壤环境的卫生状况,为相关部门制定政策措施提供依据和支持。方法采用原子吸收分光光度法和原子荧光法测定土壤样品中Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As的含量,以《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618-1995)中的二级标准作为评价标准值,采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法进行评价。结果 2015-2016年共监测土壤样品120份,每种元素的单项污染指数均<1,为无污染状态,但有个别监测点受到镉和汞元素污染;综合污染指数均<0.7,属于安全等级,清洁水平。结论目前哈尔滨市农村土壤环境的卫生状况尚可;但有个别土地中存在镉和汞含量偏高的现象,需要得到重视,并加以治理。
Objective To monitor and analyze heavy metal content in rural soil of Harbin city, it reflects the sanitary condition of the rural soil environment in Harbin, and to provide the basis and support for the formulation of policy measures.Methods The contents of Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg and As in the soil samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry, using the secondary standard in the Soil Environmental Quality Standard(GB 15618-1995) as the evaluation standard value. The single factor pollution index method and Nemero comprehensive pollution index method were used for evaluation.Results A total of 120 soil samples were monitored from 2015 to 2016. The individual pollution index for each element was less than 1, which was non-polluting, however, some monitoring sites were contaminated by cadmium and mercury elements, and the comprehensive pollution index was less than 0.7, which belongs to safety level and clean level.Conclusion At present, the hygienic condition of soil environment in rural areas of Harbin is still acceptable,however, there is a high level of cadmium and mercury in some land, which needs attention and governance.
Objective To monitor and analyze heavy metal content in rural soil of Harbin city, it reflects the sanitary condition of the rural soil environment in Harbin, and to provide the basis and support for the formulation of policy measures.Methods The contents of Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg and As in the soil samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry, using the secondary standard in the Soil Environmental Quality Standard(GB 15618-1995) as the evaluation standard value. The single factor pollution index method and Nemero comprehensive pollution index method were used for evaluation.Results A total of 120 soil samples were monitored from 2015 to 2016. The individual pollution index for each element was less than 1, which was non-polluting, however, some monitoring sites were contaminated by cadmium and mercury elements, and the comprehensive pollution index was less than 0.7, which belongs to safety level and clean level.Conclusion At present, the hygienic condition of soil environment in rural areas of Harbin is still acceptable,however, there is a high level of cadmium and mercury in some land, which needs attention and governance.
引文
[1] 梁琼, 王玉霞, 倪霞, 等. 甘肃土壤重金属元素含量及潜在生态危害评价[J]. 国外医学地理分册. 2017, 38(4): 336-338.
[2] 国家环境保护局,国家技术监督局.GB/T 17141-1997 土壤质量铅、镉的测定石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1997.
[3] 国家环境保护部.HJ 491-2009 土壤总铬的测定火焰原子吸收分光光度法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[4] 国家环境保护局,国家技术监督局.GB/T 17136-1997 土壤质量总汞的测定冷原子吸收分光光度法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1997.
[5] 国家标准化管理委员会,国家质量监督检验检疫总局. GB/T 22105.2-2008 土壤质量总汞、总砷、总铅的测定原子荧光法第2部分:土壤中总砷的测定: [S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[6] 国家环境保护局,国家技术监督局.GB 15618-1995 国家土壤环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995.
[7] 杨克敌.环境卫生学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:180.
[8] 陈大红,吴雯婧.闽北部分乡镇农田土壤铅镉含量调查与分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2013,23(9):2523-2525.
[2] 国家环境保护局,国家技术监督局.GB/T 17141-1997 土壤质量铅、镉的测定石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1997.
[3] 国家环境保护部.HJ 491-2009 土壤总铬的测定火焰原子吸收分光光度法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[4] 国家环境保护局,国家技术监督局.GB/T 17136-1997 土壤质量总汞的测定冷原子吸收分光光度法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1997.
[5] 国家标准化管理委员会,国家质量监督检验检疫总局. GB/T 22105.2-2008 土壤质量总汞、总砷、总铅的测定原子荧光法第2部分:土壤中总砷的测定: [S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[6] 国家环境保护局,国家技术监督局.GB 15618-1995 国家土壤环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995.
[7] 杨克敌.环境卫生学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:180.
[8] 陈大红,吴雯婧.闽北部分乡镇农田土壤铅镉含量调查与分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2013,23(9):2523-2525.