乌东德水电站磨槽沟泥石流发育特征及危险性评价
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摘要
2017年7月乌东德施工区连降暴雨,导致7月7日凌晨暴发了泥石流灾害,严重威胁到水电站系统的正常运行。通过实地调查,分析了泥石流的发育特征,研究了磨槽沟泥石流的形成机理,根据实测资料计算了泥石流的静力学和动力学参数。分析表明磨槽沟泥石流为暴雨沟谷型泥石流,在强降雨条件下,流域内陡峻的地形地貌与丰富的物源为泥石流暴发提供了良好条件。在充分考虑了雨强、坡降、物源三者对磨槽沟泥石流的影响基础上,选取泥石流的三要素评估法对危险性做出评价。结果显示磨槽沟泥石流危险性很大,与实际较为符合。
Continuous rainstorm in the Wudongde hydropower station area induced a debris flow in the early morning of July 7, 2017, which threatened the local artificial aggregate system seriously. The formation mechanism and development characteristics of the debris flow in the Mocao Gully were studied by field investigation. Static and dynamic parameters of the debris flow were calculated. The analysis result shows that the debris flow in the Mocao Gully is a rapid rain-type debris flow. The steep topography and abundant provenance in the Mocao Gully induced the start of the debris flow under heavy rainfall. A three-parameter method was applied for evaluating debris flow hazards after fully consideration of relationship between the rainfall intensity, the slope gradient, and the unstable material source in the Mocao Gully. The result shows that this case was a high degree risk debris flow.
Continuous rainstorm in the Wudongde hydropower station area induced a debris flow in the early morning of July 7, 2017, which threatened the local artificial aggregate system seriously. The formation mechanism and development characteristics of the debris flow in the Mocao Gully were studied by field investigation. Static and dynamic parameters of the debris flow were calculated. The analysis result shows that the debris flow in the Mocao Gully is a rapid rain-type debris flow. The steep topography and abundant provenance in the Mocao Gully induced the start of the debris flow under heavy rainfall. A three-parameter method was applied for evaluating debris flow hazards after fully consideration of relationship between the rainfall intensity, the slope gradient, and the unstable material source in the Mocao Gully. The result shows that this case was a high degree risk debris flow.
引文
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[18] 彭仕雄,陈卫东.泥石流危险性三要素评估方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(S1):3542-3549.
[2] 曹晨,余斌,马二龙,等.四川汶川县佛堂坝沟“7·10”泥石流调查研究[J].泥沙研究,2019,44(1):38-43.
[3] 崔鹏,杨坤,陈杰.前期降雨对泥石流形成的贡献——以蒋家沟泥石流形成为例[J].中国水土保持科学,2003(1):11-15.
[4] 周伟,唐川,周春花.汶川震区暴雨泥石流激发雨量特征[J].水科学进展,2012,23(5):650-655.
[5] 贺拿,陈宁生,谢万银,等.雅鲁藏布江街需水电站坝址区九锥沟泥石流发育特征[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2015,26(3):57-64.
[6] 中华人民共和国国土资源部.DZ/T 0220-2006,泥石流灾害防治工程勘查规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[7] 高冰,周健,张姣.泥石流启动过程中水土作用机制的宏细观分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(12):2567-2573.
[8] Coe J A,Glancy P A,Whitney J W.Volumetric analysis and hydrologic characterization of a modern debris flow near Yucca Mountain Nevada [J].Geomorphology,1997,20(1-2):11-28.
[9] 刘文锐,唐川,屈永平,等.不同暴雨条件下形成的草坡磨子沟泥石流堵塞岷江可能性分析[J].水电能源科学,2015,33(3):128-131.
[10] 杨敏,王运生,胡伟,等.牛塘沟泥石流发育特征及危险性评价[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(33):1-7.
[11] 张金山,谢洪.岷江上游泥石流堵河可能性的经验公式判别[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008(4):651-655.
[12] 黄达,唐川,黄润秋,等.美姑河尔马洛西沟泥石流特征及危险性研究[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2006(2):162-167.
[13] 铁永波,唐川,苏小琴.四川省九龙县石头沟泥石流动力学特征及其危险性评价研究[J].水土保持研究,2008(5):168-170.
[14] 管庆军,李小玲,胡才源.冲门口泥石流危险度评价[J].泥沙研究,2017,42(2):41-46.
[15] 刘鑫磊,唐川,方群生,等.基于数值模拟的溃决型泥石流危险性评价研究[J].泥沙研究,2017,42(6):28-34.
[16] 刘希林,唐川.泥石流危险性评价[M].北京:科学出版社,1995:1-19.
[17] 侯兰功,崔鹏.单沟泥石流灾害危险性评价研究[J].水土保持研究,2004(2):125-128.
[18] 彭仕雄,陈卫东.泥石流危险性三要素评估方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(S1):3542-3549.