国产人参中农药残留风险评估
|
摘要
对人参中农药残留开展风险评估研究,并对存在的高风险农药进行识别,为现有标准最大残留限量值的制修订提供科学依据。采用建立GC-MS/MS和LC-MS/MS方法对80批次人参中246种农药进行检测;采用点评估模式,计算急性和慢性摄入风险;同时借鉴英国兽药残留委员会兽药残留风险排序矩阵计算各检出农药的风险得分。80批人参中共有25种农药检出,其中五氯硝基苯检出率最高,达到78%。通过急性和慢性摄入风险评估,得出25种农药的慢性膳食摄入风险(用%ADI表示)在0.00%～2.6%,急性膳食摄入风险(用%ARfD表示)在0.00%～104.2%,其中五氯硝基苯的急性风险商达到104%。根据风险得分将检出的25种农药划分为3类,即高风险农药(4种)、中风险农药(6种)、低风险农药(15种),其中六氯苯、甲拌磷、五氯硝基苯和六六六为高风险农药。《中国药典》2015年版一部"人参"项下设定有机氯残留限量检查是必要、有效的,建议五氯硝基苯和六氯苯限量值可依据风险评估结果进行修订。
The study aims at taking risk assessment of pesticide residues in ginseng and high risk pesticides were picked up in order to provide a scientific basis for the establishment of maximum residue limits(MRLs) for pesticides in ginseng. Residues of 246 pesticides in 80 ginseng samples collected from different place were detected by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS method. Acute and chronic intake risks were evaluated by using deterministic approach, and the matrix ranking developed by the Veterinary Residues Committee of the United Kingdom was referred to assess risk score of pesticides. The 25 kinds of pesticide residues were detected in ginseng samples, the detection rate of quintozene(PCNB) was 78%, which was the most frequently detectable pesticide. The chronic dietary intake risks of 25 pesticide residues expressed as %ADI were 0.00%-2.6%, and their acute dietary intake risks expressed as %ARfD were 0.00%-104.2%. Among them the acute dietary intake risks of PCNB was 104%,which was the highest. The 25 pesticides were divided into 3 groups by risk score, high risk group(4 pesticides), medium risk group(6 pesticides), and low risk group(15 pesticides). Hexachlorobenzene, phorate, PCNB and BHC were classified as high risk group. It is necessary and effective to establish the limit of residual organic chlorine in ginseng from Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition). MRLs for PCNB and hexachlorobenzene in ginseng were proposed to be revised based on the results of risk assessment.
The study aims at taking risk assessment of pesticide residues in ginseng and high risk pesticides were picked up in order to provide a scientific basis for the establishment of maximum residue limits(MRLs) for pesticides in ginseng. Residues of 246 pesticides in 80 ginseng samples collected from different place were detected by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS method. Acute and chronic intake risks were evaluated by using deterministic approach, and the matrix ranking developed by the Veterinary Residues Committee of the United Kingdom was referred to assess risk score of pesticides. The 25 kinds of pesticide residues were detected in ginseng samples, the detection rate of quintozene(PCNB) was 78%, which was the most frequently detectable pesticide. The chronic dietary intake risks of 25 pesticide residues expressed as %ADI were 0.00%-2.6%, and their acute dietary intake risks expressed as %ARfD were 0.00%-104.2%. Among them the acute dietary intake risks of PCNB was 104%,which was the highest. The 25 pesticides were divided into 3 groups by risk score, high risk group(4 pesticides), medium risk group(6 pesticides), and low risk group(15 pesticides). Hexachlorobenzene, phorate, PCNB and BHC were classified as high risk group. It is necessary and effective to establish the limit of residual organic chlorine in ginseng from Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition). MRLs for PCNB and hexachlorobenzene in ginseng were proposed to be revised based on the results of risk assessment.
引文
[1] 左甜甜,李耀磊,陈沛,等.西洋参、山楂、枸杞子中重金属及有害元素残留量测定及初步风险评估[J]. 药物分析杂志, 2016, 36(11): 2016.
[2] 王玉洁,薛健,金红宇,等.金银花中氟啶虫胺腈的残留规律及膳食风险评估[J]. 中成药, 2017, 39(7): 1534.
[3] 王莹,金红宇,隋海霞,等.枸杞中农药残留含量分析及膳食风险研究[J]. 中国药学杂志,2018,53(3):182.
[4] 王莹,金红宇,隋海霞,等. 枸杞中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留水平及累积暴露评估[J]. 中国食品卫生, 2017, 29(5): 616.
[5] 高岩,刘薇,熊慧,等.全国中药资源普查丹参药材农药残留检测[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2018,24(17):74.
[6] 黄靖雯,南铁贵,袁媛,等.中药材质量基本数据探索研究——农药残留分析[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2017,23(24):56.
[7] 祖正贤.人参中农药多残留检测方法的建立及膳食风险评估研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学, 2014.
[8] 吴加伦,王怀昌,武秀停.嘧菌酯在人参和西洋参中的残留监测及其膳食风险评估[J].农药学学报,2012,14(1): 67.
[9] The Veterinary Residues Committee-Matrix Ranking Subgroup. Minutes of the meeting held on Wednesday 4 September 2013 at the VMD[EB/OL].(2014-01-16)[2018-04-08].http://www.vmd.defra.gov.uk/VRC/pdf/papers/2013/ vrc1334.pdf.
[10] 聂继云,李志霞,刘传德,等.苹果农药残留风险评估[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(18):3655.
[11] 王莹,金红宇,魏赫,等.花类、果实类中药材中禁限用及常用农药多残留检测方法的建立[J].中国药学杂志,2016,51(5):404.
[12] 袁玉伟,王静,叶志华.食品中农药残留的膳食暴露与累积性暴露评估研究[J].食品科学, 2008, 29(1): 374.
[13] 张磊,刘兆平.食品化学物风险评估中一些重要参数的选择和使用[J].中国食品卫生杂志, 2015, 27(3): 308.
[14] 段云,关妮,邓爱妮,等.杨桃中化学污染物分析及农药残留暴露评估[J]. 食品科学, 2015, 36(12): 196.
[15] 国家食品安全风险评估中心.食品安全风险评估数据需求及采集要求[DB/OL].(2013-12-16)[2018-04-08].http://www.cfsa.net.cn/Article/News.aspx?id=f56e2695923ba1b28c0c67a6cfb820556b1faf74bb8f175f.
[16] 李志霞,聂继云,闫震,等.基于点评估方法的渤海湾产区苹果中农药残留膳食暴露风险研究[J]. 农药学学报, 2015, 17(6): 715.
[17] The Veterinary Residues Committee. Annual report on surveillance for veterinary residues in food in the UK 2010 [EB/OL].(2014-01-16)[2018-04-08].http://www. vmd.defra.gov.uk/VRC/pdf/reports/vrcar2010.pdf.
[18] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.食品安全国家标准急性经口毒性试验:GB 15193.3-2014 [S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[19] 中华人民共和国农业部农药检定所. 中国农药信息网[EB/OL].(2014-01-16)[2018-04-08].http://www.chinapesticide.gov.cn/service/zhcx/yxcfxx.html.
[20] WHO (World Health Organization). Inventory of evaluations performed by the joint meeting on pesticide residues (JMPR) [EB/OL]. (2012-01-02)[2017-03-01].http: //apps.who.int/pesticide-residues-jmpr-database.html.
[21] 中国药典.四部[S].2015:8.
[22] 农业部第199号公告[EB/OL].(2007-09-19)[2018-04-08].http://www.moa.gov.cn/ztzl/ncpzxzz/flfg/200709/t20070919_893058.htm.
[23] 中国药典.一部[S].2015:8.
[24] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,中华人民共和国农业部.食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量:GB 2763—2016[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[25] 王以燕,李富根,袁善奎.五氯硝基苯登记和使用简况[J]. 农药, 2012, 51(1): 75.
[26] 金水高.中国居民营养与健康状况调查报告之十: 2002年营养与健康状况数据集[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.
[27] 国家质量技术监督局.农药合理使用准则㈠(GB/T 8321.1-2000)[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2002.
[28] 王彝白纳,金红宇,张磊.11省成年消费者中药食用情况调查分析[J].云南中医学院学报,2017,40(2):71.
[29] 王彝白纳,刘爱东,李建文,等.11省市成年居民中药消费状况调查[J].中国药事,2017,31(6):666.
[2] 王玉洁,薛健,金红宇,等.金银花中氟啶虫胺腈的残留规律及膳食风险评估[J]. 中成药, 2017, 39(7): 1534.
[3] 王莹,金红宇,隋海霞,等.枸杞中农药残留含量分析及膳食风险研究[J]. 中国药学杂志,2018,53(3):182.
[4] 王莹,金红宇,隋海霞,等. 枸杞中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留水平及累积暴露评估[J]. 中国食品卫生, 2017, 29(5): 616.
[5] 高岩,刘薇,熊慧,等.全国中药资源普查丹参药材农药残留检测[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2018,24(17):74.
[6] 黄靖雯,南铁贵,袁媛,等.中药材质量基本数据探索研究——农药残留分析[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2017,23(24):56.
[7] 祖正贤.人参中农药多残留检测方法的建立及膳食风险评估研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学, 2014.
[8] 吴加伦,王怀昌,武秀停.嘧菌酯在人参和西洋参中的残留监测及其膳食风险评估[J].农药学学报,2012,14(1): 67.
[9] The Veterinary Residues Committee-Matrix Ranking Subgroup. Minutes of the meeting held on Wednesday 4 September 2013 at the VMD[EB/OL].(2014-01-16)[2018-04-08].http://www.vmd.defra.gov.uk/VRC/pdf/papers/2013/ vrc1334.pdf.
[10] 聂继云,李志霞,刘传德,等.苹果农药残留风险评估[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(18):3655.
[11] 王莹,金红宇,魏赫,等.花类、果实类中药材中禁限用及常用农药多残留检测方法的建立[J].中国药学杂志,2016,51(5):404.
[12] 袁玉伟,王静,叶志华.食品中农药残留的膳食暴露与累积性暴露评估研究[J].食品科学, 2008, 29(1): 374.
[13] 张磊,刘兆平.食品化学物风险评估中一些重要参数的选择和使用[J].中国食品卫生杂志, 2015, 27(3): 308.
[14] 段云,关妮,邓爱妮,等.杨桃中化学污染物分析及农药残留暴露评估[J]. 食品科学, 2015, 36(12): 196.
[15] 国家食品安全风险评估中心.食品安全风险评估数据需求及采集要求[DB/OL].(2013-12-16)[2018-04-08].http://www.cfsa.net.cn/Article/News.aspx?id=f56e2695923ba1b28c0c67a6cfb820556b1faf74bb8f175f.
[16] 李志霞,聂继云,闫震,等.基于点评估方法的渤海湾产区苹果中农药残留膳食暴露风险研究[J]. 农药学学报, 2015, 17(6): 715.
[17] The Veterinary Residues Committee. Annual report on surveillance for veterinary residues in food in the UK 2010 [EB/OL].(2014-01-16)[2018-04-08].http://www. vmd.defra.gov.uk/VRC/pdf/reports/vrcar2010.pdf.
[18] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.食品安全国家标准急性经口毒性试验:GB 15193.3-2014 [S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[19] 中华人民共和国农业部农药检定所. 中国农药信息网[EB/OL].(2014-01-16)[2018-04-08].http://www.chinapesticide.gov.cn/service/zhcx/yxcfxx.html.
[20] WHO (World Health Organization). Inventory of evaluations performed by the joint meeting on pesticide residues (JMPR) [EB/OL]. (2012-01-02)[2017-03-01].http: //apps.who.int/pesticide-residues-jmpr-database.html.
[21] 中国药典.四部[S].2015:8.
[22] 农业部第199号公告[EB/OL].(2007-09-19)[2018-04-08].http://www.moa.gov.cn/ztzl/ncpzxzz/flfg/200709/t20070919_893058.htm.
[23] 中国药典.一部[S].2015:8.
[24] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,中华人民共和国农业部.食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量:GB 2763—2016[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[25] 王以燕,李富根,袁善奎.五氯硝基苯登记和使用简况[J]. 农药, 2012, 51(1): 75.
[26] 金水高.中国居民营养与健康状况调查报告之十: 2002年营养与健康状况数据集[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.
[27] 国家质量技术监督局.农药合理使用准则㈠(GB/T 8321.1-2000)[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2002.
[28] 王彝白纳,金红宇,张磊.11省成年消费者中药食用情况调查分析[J].云南中医学院学报,2017,40(2):71.
[29] 王彝白纳,刘爱东,李建文,等.11省市成年居民中药消费状况调查[J].中国药事,2017,31(6):666.