国内外工业噪声标准体系研究及启示
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摘要
对比分析我国、美国、日本、英国现行工业噪声相关标准,结合我国的发展现状,从声源类型、工效学限值、管理制度3个方面提出值得借鉴之处,可为我国工业噪声标准的完善及噪声接触限值的合理化提供参考。建议简化接触多种声级水平噪声的评估方法,补充噪声接触限值中对频率的要求,综合考虑接触时间和接触次数对脉冲噪声的影响,合理制定噪声工作场所的工效学限值,完善工业噪声风险评估分级制度等以加强对噪声的控制。
To provide references for the perfection of industrial noise standards and the rationality of noise exposure limits in China, the current industrial noise standards in China, the United States, Japan and Britain are comparatively analyzed. Combined with the present situation of development of our country, the reference points are summarized in the aspects of sound source type, ergonomic limit value and management system. The suggestions are to simplify the assessment method for exposing multiple levels of horizontal noise, to supplement the requirements for frequency in the exposure limit of noise, to comprehensively consider the effects of time and number of the exposures on impulse noise, to make reasonable ergonomics limits for noise workplaces, and to improve the industrial noise risk assessment classification system so as to strengthen the noise control.
To provide references for the perfection of industrial noise standards and the rationality of noise exposure limits in China, the current industrial noise standards in China, the United States, Japan and Britain are comparatively analyzed. Combined with the present situation of development of our country, the reference points are summarized in the aspects of sound source type, ergonomic limit value and management system. The suggestions are to simplify the assessment method for exposing multiple levels of horizontal noise, to supplement the requirements for frequency in the exposure limit of noise, to comprehensively consider the effects of time and number of the exposures on impulse noise, to make reasonable ergonomics limits for noise workplaces, and to improve the industrial noise risk assessment classification system so as to strengthen the noise control.
引文
[1]谢明，刘湘京，窦燕生.工业噪声环境影响预测方法研究[J].中国卫生工程学，2005(3):134-136.
[2]徐君，卢云江，黄德彬.工业噪声的危害和控制[J].科技传传播播，2012(6):98+106.
[3]高子清，周书林，张忠彬，等.日本职业卫生法律法规标准体系初探[J].职业卫生与应急救援，2016,34(5):34(5).
[4] GBZ2 2-2007工作场所有害因素职业接触限值[S].
[5] GB/T14366-1993.国家技术监督局.中华人民共和国国家标准.声学职业噪声测量与噪声引起的听力损伤评价[S]. 1993.
[6] 1910 OSHA Guide. Occupational Health and Environmental Contrd[Z]. 2014. Occupational Health and Environmental. Control, 1910, 95[S].
[7] Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits(2017-2018)[S]. The Japan Society for Occupational Health,2017, 59(5):436-469.
[8]张敏，王丹，杜燮祎，等. ACGIH声学有关的物理因素TLVs[J].国外医学(卫生学分册)，2007(1):33-35.
[9]罗鹏，蔡铭，王海波.不同速度的各类型机动车噪声频率特性[J].噪声与振动控制，2013,33(5):86-89.
[10]张忠彬.日本职业卫生管理的启示[J].劳劳动动保保护护，2010(8):112-113.
[11]中华人民共和国卫生部. GBZ1-2010工业企业设计卫生标准[S]. 2010.
[12] DIRECTIVE 2003/10/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 February 2003 on the minimum health and safety requirements rearding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical rearding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical rearding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents(noise)[Z]. 2003. http://www. mhlw. go. jp/shingi/2006/06/dl/s0619-9e. pdf.
[13]王忠，孟晨阳，王磊，等.噪声应激对判断移动反应能力的影响[J].中国行为医学科学，2006(3):266-267.
[14]李绍珠，蔡枫，戴晓红，等.工业噪声对人体瞬时记忆和注意的影响(Ⅱ)[J].心理科学通讯，1985(6):47-52.
[15]闫靓，郝夏影，陈克安.城市道路交通噪声烦恼度社会调查[J].应应用用声声学学，2009,28(4):300-307.
[16]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局，中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 3222.1-2006/ISO 1996-1:2003声学环境噪声的描述、测量与评价[S]. 2007.
[17] BS-7445-2-1991 ISO-1996-2-1987 description and measurement of environmental noise[S].
[18] ISO 9612:1997 Acoustics-guidelines for the measurement and assessment of exposure to noise in a working environment[S].
[19] DHHS(NIOSH)publication No. 98-126 occupational noise exposure revised criteria[Z]. 1998.
[20] DIRECTIVE 2003/10/EC of the europen parliament and of the council of 6 February 2003 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents(noise)[Z]. 2003.
[21]杨秋月，余善法，何丽华.国内外职业性听力损伤诊断标准差异分析[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志，2015,33(12):944-946.
[22] Kim KS. Occupational hearing loss in Korea[J]. Journal of Korea Medical Science, 2010, 25(suppl):S62-69.
[23] COOK G. An explanation of recording hearing loss on the OSHA 300[EB/OL]. http://www. workplaceintegra. com/hearing-articles/OSHA-300. php.
[24]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会. GBZ 49-2014职业性噪声聋的诊断[S]. 2014.
[25] NELSON DL, NELSON RY, CONCHA BM, et al. The global burden of occupational noise-induced hearing loss[J]. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 2005, 48(6):446-458.
[2]徐君，卢云江，黄德彬.工业噪声的危害和控制[J].科技传传播播，2012(6):98+106.
[3]高子清，周书林，张忠彬，等.日本职业卫生法律法规标准体系初探[J].职业卫生与应急救援，2016,34(5):34(5).
[4] GBZ2 2-2007工作场所有害因素职业接触限值[S].
[5] GB/T14366-1993.国家技术监督局.中华人民共和国国家标准.声学职业噪声测量与噪声引起的听力损伤评价[S]. 1993.
[6] 1910 OSHA Guide. Occupational Health and Environmental Contrd[Z]. 2014. Occupational Health and Environmental. Control, 1910, 95[S].
[7] Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits(2017-2018)[S]. The Japan Society for Occupational Health,2017, 59(5):436-469.
[8]张敏，王丹，杜燮祎，等. ACGIH声学有关的物理因素TLVs[J].国外医学(卫生学分册)，2007(1):33-35.
[9]罗鹏，蔡铭，王海波.不同速度的各类型机动车噪声频率特性[J].噪声与振动控制，2013,33(5):86-89.
[10]张忠彬.日本职业卫生管理的启示[J].劳劳动动保保护护，2010(8):112-113.
[11]中华人民共和国卫生部. GBZ1-2010工业企业设计卫生标准[S]. 2010.
[12] DIRECTIVE 2003/10/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 February 2003 on the minimum health and safety requirements rearding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical rearding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical rearding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents(noise)[Z]. 2003. http://www. mhlw. go. jp/shingi/2006/06/dl/s0619-9e. pdf.
[13]王忠，孟晨阳，王磊，等.噪声应激对判断移动反应能力的影响[J].中国行为医学科学，2006(3):266-267.
[14]李绍珠，蔡枫，戴晓红，等.工业噪声对人体瞬时记忆和注意的影响(Ⅱ)[J].心理科学通讯，1985(6):47-52.
[15]闫靓，郝夏影，陈克安.城市道路交通噪声烦恼度社会调查[J].应应用用声声学学，2009,28(4):300-307.
[16]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局，中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 3222.1-2006/ISO 1996-1:2003声学环境噪声的描述、测量与评价[S]. 2007.
[17] BS-7445-2-1991 ISO-1996-2-1987 description and measurement of environmental noise[S].
[18] ISO 9612:1997 Acoustics-guidelines for the measurement and assessment of exposure to noise in a working environment[S].
[19] DHHS(NIOSH)publication No. 98-126 occupational noise exposure revised criteria[Z]. 1998.
[20] DIRECTIVE 2003/10/EC of the europen parliament and of the council of 6 February 2003 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents(noise)[Z]. 2003.
[21]杨秋月，余善法，何丽华.国内外职业性听力损伤诊断标准差异分析[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志，2015,33(12):944-946.
[22] Kim KS. Occupational hearing loss in Korea[J]. Journal of Korea Medical Science, 2010, 25(suppl):S62-69.
[23] COOK G. An explanation of recording hearing loss on the OSHA 300[EB/OL]. http://www. workplaceintegra. com/hearing-articles/OSHA-300. php.
[24]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会. GBZ 49-2014职业性噪声聋的诊断[S]. 2014.
[25] NELSON DL, NELSON RY, CONCHA BM, et al. The global burden of occupational noise-induced hearing loss[J]. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 2005, 48(6):446-458.
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