云南勐海县主要古茶园土壤养分状况分析
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摘要
【目的】研究掌握勐海县古茶园之间土壤养分含量的差异,为勐海县古茶园的土壤养分管理提供科学依据,有助全县茶叶生产实现高效、优质、生态的目标。【方法】选取勐海县9个具有代表性的古茶园土壤取样检测,并对结果进行综合分析。【结果】有66.7%的古茶园土壤pH值在4.5～5.5,33.3%的古茶园土壤pH值低于4.5;22.2%的古茶园有机质含量高于30 g/kg,77.8%的古茶园有机质在10～30 g/kg;碱解氮含量全部超过120 mg/kg;88.9%的古茶园速效磷含量低于3 mg/kg;66.7%的古茶园速效钾含量低于50 mg/kg。【结论】勐海古茶园土壤中,部分茶园的pH值低于4.5,有机质和碱解氮含量比较丰富,速效磷和速效钾比较缺乏。应充分发挥各种有机肥资源,增加古茶园的土壤肥力,运用好测土配方施肥技术,改善古茶园的土壤养分结构和pH值,确保各地古茶园有合理、高效的土壤养分库。
【Objective】This paper aimed to grasp the difference of soil nutrient content among the ancient tea gardens in Menghai county and provide a scientific basis for their soil nutrient management, which will help the county's tea production to achieve high-efficiency, high-quality and ecological goals. 【Method】A total of 9 representative ancient tea gardens in Menghai county were selected for soil sampling, and the results were analyzed comprehensively. 【Result】 The pH value of 66.7 % of the ancient tea gardens soil was 4.5-5.5, and 33.3 % was lower than 4.5; the organic matter content of 22.2 % of the ancient tea gardens was higher than 30 g/kg, and 77.8 % was between 10 g/kg and 30 g/kg; all the alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content exceeded 120 mg/kg; the available phosphorus content of 88.9 % of the ancient tea gardens was less than 3 mg/kg; the available potassium content of 66.7 % of the ancient tea gardens was less than 50 mg/kg. 【Conclusion】 In the soil of the ancient tea gardens, the pH value of some tea plantations was lower than 4.5; the contents of organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen were relatively rich; the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium were relatively deficient. We should give full play to all kinds of organic fertilizer resources, increase the soil fertility of ancient tea gardens, use good soil testing and formula fertilization technology, improve the soil nutrient structure and pH value of ancient tea gardens, and ensure that there are reasonable and efficient soil nutrient banks in ancient tea gardens.
【Objective】This paper aimed to grasp the difference of soil nutrient content among the ancient tea gardens in Menghai county and provide a scientific basis for their soil nutrient management, which will help the county's tea production to achieve high-efficiency, high-quality and ecological goals. 【Method】A total of 9 representative ancient tea gardens in Menghai county were selected for soil sampling, and the results were analyzed comprehensively. 【Result】 The pH value of 66.7 % of the ancient tea gardens soil was 4.5-5.5, and 33.3 % was lower than 4.5; the organic matter content of 22.2 % of the ancient tea gardens was higher than 30 g/kg, and 77.8 % was between 10 g/kg and 30 g/kg; all the alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content exceeded 120 mg/kg; the available phosphorus content of 88.9 % of the ancient tea gardens was less than 3 mg/kg; the available potassium content of 66.7 % of the ancient tea gardens was less than 50 mg/kg. 【Conclusion】 In the soil of the ancient tea gardens, the pH value of some tea plantations was lower than 4.5; the contents of organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen were relatively rich; the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium were relatively deficient. We should give full play to all kinds of organic fertilizer resources, increase the soil fertility of ancient tea gardens, use good soil testing and formula fertilization technology, improve the soil nutrient structure and pH value of ancient tea gardens, and ensure that there are reasonable and efficient soil nutrient banks in ancient tea gardens.
引文
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[9]许玫,王平盛,唐一春,等.中国云南古茶树群落的分布与多样性[J].西南农业学报,2006,10(1):123-126.
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[21]李忠佩.亚热带茶园土壤的某些生物化学性状研究[J].热带亚热带土壤科学,1997,6(3):162-170.
[22]高菲菲.云南省茶叶主产区茶园土壤养分状况分析与评价[D].昆明:云南农业大学,2013.
[23]陈娜,王秀荣,严小龙,等.酸性土壤上缺磷和铝毒对大豆生长的交互作用[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(5):1301-1307.
[2]Hung D Y.Tea forest in the making:Tea production and the ambiguity of modernity on China's southwest Frontier[J].Geoforum,2013,47:178-181.
[3]杨广容,王秀青,李永梅,等.景迈山茶园土壤养分与茶叶品质分析研究[J].云南农业大学学报 (自然科学),2016,31(3):519-527.
[4]高菲菲,李家华,赵平.普洱市现代茶园与古茶园土壤养分状况分析[J].云南农业大学学报 (自然科学),2016,31(3):511-518.
[5]梁名志,李友勇,马伟,等.云南古茶园土壤化学成分研究[J].西南农业学报,2010,23(1):119-121.
[6]张一平,刘洋.云南古茶园与常规茶园小气候特征比较研究[J].华南农业大学学报,2005,26(2):18-21.
[7]姜虹,沙丽清.云南澜沧县景迈古茶园土壤养分和土壤酶活性研究[J].茶叶科学,2008,28(3):214-220.
[8]齐丹卉,郭辉军,崔景云,等.云南澜沧县景迈古茶园生态系统植物多样性评价[J].生物多样性,2005,13(3):221-231.
[9]许玫,王平盛,唐一春,等.中国云南古茶树群落的分布与多样性[J].西南农业学报,2006,10(1):123-126.
[10]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[11]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[12]韩文炎,阮建元,林智,等.茶园土壤主要营养障碍因子及系列茶树专用肥的研制[J].茶叶科学,2002,22(1):70-74.
[13]赵仁全,黄艳红,李琳.土壤pH 值对茶树生长和茶叶品质影响的研究进展[J].农技服务,2012,29(3):295-296.
[14]罗敏.江苏省茶园土壤酸化现状及其影响因素研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2006.
[15]苏有健,廖万有,丁勇,等.不同氮营养水平对茶叶产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(6):1430-1432.
[16]王红娟,龚自明,高士伟.湖北省茶园土壤养分状况评价[J].华中农业大学学报,2009,28(3):291-294.
[17]韩文炎,石元值,马立峰.茶园钾素研究进展与施钾技术[J].中国茶叶,2004(1):22-24.
[18]杨亚军.中国茶树栽培[M].上海:上海科技出版社,2005.
[19]张文锦.鲜叶氮磷钾含量与乌龙茶品质关系的研究[J].福建茶叶,1992(3):16-19,10.
[20]张钦,于恩江,林海波,等.连续种植不同绿肥作物耕层的土壤团聚体特征[J].西南农业学报,2019,32(1):148-153.
[21]李忠佩.亚热带茶园土壤的某些生物化学性状研究[J].热带亚热带土壤科学,1997,6(3):162-170.
[22]高菲菲.云南省茶叶主产区茶园土壤养分状况分析与评价[D].昆明:云南农业大学,2013.
[23]陈娜,王秀荣,严小龙,等.酸性土壤上缺磷和铝毒对大豆生长的交互作用[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(5):1301-1307.