分层土壤的持水性能研究
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摘要
[目的]本文研究了分层土壤的持水性能。[方法]以砂壤和细砂设计了3种不同分层(2、4和8层)土柱,开展室内饱和排水试验。与均质细砂和砂壤土壤进行比较,观察土柱从饱和到120 h末的持水量变化,测量试验土柱最终含水率剖面,利用HYDRUS-1D软件对分层土柱的入渗过程进行了模拟分析。[结果]砂壤与细砂的土壤分层结构能够提高土体持水能力,增加粗细土壤分层数量有助于提高土柱含水量。试验说明分层土柱的排水主要来自粗质土壤,相对细质土壤排水量较低,反映了粗质土壤上覆细质土壤界面存在的毛细屏障作用能提高上层土壤的持水能力。[结论]本研究对干旱和半干旱地区的水资源综合利用以及土壤修复、污染物填埋等具有一定指导意义。
[Objective]This paper aimed to evaluate the water retention capacity of stratified soils.[Method]Indoor saturated drainage experiments were conducted in three types of layered soil columns(two layers,four layers and eight layers of sandy loam and sand,respectively).Compared with homogeneous sandy loam and sand columns,the soil water changes from 0 to 120 hours in different time interval were observed,the final soil moisture content profiles was measured,and a HYDRUS-1 D model was employed to imitate the drainage process for different soil columns.[Result]The combination of sand layer with sandy loam layer enhanced the soil water retention,and the increase of fine and coarse grained layers was supportive to soil water content.Furthermore,laboratory observation and software simulation confirmed that comparing soil moisture profiles,water drainage was mainly from sand layers more than sandy loam layers,which indicated that the capillary barrier between coarse grained layer underlying fine grained layer positively impacts water retention capacity for layer soil columns.[Conclusion]The results would be meaningful for water resource exploitation,polluted soil remediation and landfill contaminants prevention in arid and semi-arid areas.
[Objective]This paper aimed to evaluate the water retention capacity of stratified soils.[Method]Indoor saturated drainage experiments were conducted in three types of layered soil columns(two layers,four layers and eight layers of sandy loam and sand,respectively).Compared with homogeneous sandy loam and sand columns,the soil water changes from 0 to 120 hours in different time interval were observed,the final soil moisture content profiles was measured,and a HYDRUS-1 D model was employed to imitate the drainage process for different soil columns.[Result]The combination of sand layer with sandy loam layer enhanced the soil water retention,and the increase of fine and coarse grained layers was supportive to soil water content.Furthermore,laboratory observation and software simulation confirmed that comparing soil moisture profiles,water drainage was mainly from sand layers more than sandy loam layers,which indicated that the capillary barrier between coarse grained layer underlying fine grained layer positively impacts water retention capacity for layer soil columns.[Conclusion]The results would be meaningful for water resource exploitation,polluted soil remediation and landfill contaminants prevention in arid and semi-arid areas.
引文
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[2]泰勒.物理的土壤学[M].北京:农业出版社,1983.
[3]崔浩浩,张冰,冯欣,等.不同土体构型土壤的持水性能[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(4):1-5.
[4]张敬晓,汪星,汪有科,等.黄土丘陵区林地干化土壤降雨人渗及水分迁移规律[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):231-238.
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[6]Zettl Julie,Lee Barbour S,Huang Mingbin,et al.Influence of textural layering on field capacity of coarse soils[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2011,91(2):133-147.
[7]李红英,马国飞,金飞,等.宁夏中部干旱带降水渗透深度预测模型研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(6):138-142.
[8]赵文举,李晓萍,范严伟,等.西北旱区压砂地土壤水分入渗规律研究[J].土壤通报,2016,7(1):150-155.
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[10]Khire Milind V,Benson Craig H,Bosscher Peter J.Capillary Barriers:Design Variables and Water Balance[J].Journal of Geotechnical&Geoenvironmental Engineering,2000,126(8):695-708.
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[12]Avanidou Theodora,Paleologos Evan K.Infiltration in stratified,heterogeneous soils:Relative importance of parameters and model variations[J].Water Resources Research,2002,38(11):11-14.
[13]甘永德,贾仰文,仇亚琴,等.降雨条件下分层土壤入渗特性[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(5):217-219.
[14]Baker R S,Hillel D.Laboratory tests of a theory of fingering during infiltration into layered soils[J].Soil Sci.Soc.Am.J.,1990,54(I):20-30.
[15]Huang Mingbin,Elshorbagy Amin,Barbour S Lee,et al.System dynamics modeling of infiltration in layered coarse textured soil[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2011,91(2):185-197.
[16]赵沛伦.母质的两层性对土壤持水性能的影响[J].水土保持研究,1985(2):38-46.
[17]武鹏艳,张玉珍.3种人工林枯落物持水性能及土壤水文效应的研究[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(12):2930-2934.
[18]Zettl Julie D.Infiltration and Drainage through Coarse Layered Soil:A Study of Natural and Reclaimed Soil Profiles in the Oil Sands Region,Alberta,Canada[D].University of Saskatchewan,2014.
[19]中华人民共和国水电部.土工试验方法标准[M].北京:中华计划出版社,1989.
[20]Meyer Philip D,Gee Glendon W.Flux-Based Estimation of Field Capacity[J].Journal of Geotechnical&Geoenvironmental Engineering,1999,125(7):595-599.
[21]任利东,黄明斌,樊军.不同类型层状土壤持水能力的研究[J].农业工程学报,2013(19):105-111.
[22]Zettl Julie D,Barbour S Lee,Huang Mingbin,et al.Influence oftextural layering on field capacity of coarse soils[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2015,91(2):133.
[23]张瑞国,罗强,蒋良潍,等.土体含水率TDR测试技术的影响因素分析[J].传感器与微系统,2016,35(5):16-19.
[24]Simunek J,Genuchten M T V,Sejna M.The Hydrus-ld Software Package for Simulating the One-Dimensional Movement of Water,Heat,and Multiple Solutes in Variably-Saturated Media[R].California:University of Califomia-Riverside Research Reports,2005.
[25]范严伟,黄宁,马孝义,等.应用HYDRUS-1D模拟砂质夹层土壤入渗特性[J].土壤,2016(1):193-200.
[26]Carsel Robert F,Parrish Rudolph S.Developing joint probability distributions of soil water retention characteristics[J].Water Resources Research,1988,24(5):755-769.
[2]泰勒.物理的土壤学[M].北京:农业出版社,1983.
[3]崔浩浩,张冰,冯欣,等.不同土体构型土壤的持水性能[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(4):1-5.
[4]张敬晓,汪星,汪有科,等.黄土丘陵区林地干化土壤降雨人渗及水分迁移规律[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):231-238.
[5]Miller D E,Gardner W H.Water Infiltration into Stratified Soil[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1962,26(2):101-107.
[6]Zettl Julie,Lee Barbour S,Huang Mingbin,et al.Influence of textural layering on field capacity of coarse soils[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2011,91(2):133-147.
[7]李红英,马国飞,金飞,等.宁夏中部干旱带降水渗透深度预测模型研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(6):138-142.
[8]赵文举,李晓萍,范严伟,等.西北旱区压砂地土壤水分入渗规律研究[J].土壤通报,2016,7(1):150-155.
[9]王文焰,张建丰,汪志荣,等.黄土中砂层对人渗特性的影响[J].岩土工程学报,1995,17(5):33-41.
[10]Khire Milind V,Benson Craig H,Bosscher Peter J.Capillary Barriers:Design Variables and Water Balance[J].Journal of Geotechnical&Geoenvironmental Engineering,2000,126(8):695-708.
[11]Whisler F D,Klute A.Analysis of infiltration into stratified soil columns[J].Water in the Unsaturated Zone Proc Wageningen Symp,1969.
[12]Avanidou Theodora,Paleologos Evan K.Infiltration in stratified,heterogeneous soils:Relative importance of parameters and model variations[J].Water Resources Research,2002,38(11):11-14.
[13]甘永德,贾仰文,仇亚琴,等.降雨条件下分层土壤入渗特性[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(5):217-219.
[14]Baker R S,Hillel D.Laboratory tests of a theory of fingering during infiltration into layered soils[J].Soil Sci.Soc.Am.J.,1990,54(I):20-30.
[15]Huang Mingbin,Elshorbagy Amin,Barbour S Lee,et al.System dynamics modeling of infiltration in layered coarse textured soil[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2011,91(2):185-197.
[16]赵沛伦.母质的两层性对土壤持水性能的影响[J].水土保持研究,1985(2):38-46.
[17]武鹏艳,张玉珍.3种人工林枯落物持水性能及土壤水文效应的研究[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(12):2930-2934.
[18]Zettl Julie D.Infiltration and Drainage through Coarse Layered Soil:A Study of Natural and Reclaimed Soil Profiles in the Oil Sands Region,Alberta,Canada[D].University of Saskatchewan,2014.
[19]中华人民共和国水电部.土工试验方法标准[M].北京:中华计划出版社,1989.
[20]Meyer Philip D,Gee Glendon W.Flux-Based Estimation of Field Capacity[J].Journal of Geotechnical&Geoenvironmental Engineering,1999,125(7):595-599.
[21]任利东,黄明斌,樊军.不同类型层状土壤持水能力的研究[J].农业工程学报,2013(19):105-111.
[22]Zettl Julie D,Barbour S Lee,Huang Mingbin,et al.Influence oftextural layering on field capacity of coarse soils[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2015,91(2):133.
[23]张瑞国,罗强,蒋良潍,等.土体含水率TDR测试技术的影响因素分析[J].传感器与微系统,2016,35(5):16-19.
[24]Simunek J,Genuchten M T V,Sejna M.The Hydrus-ld Software Package for Simulating the One-Dimensional Movement of Water,Heat,and Multiple Solutes in Variably-Saturated Media[R].California:University of Califomia-Riverside Research Reports,2005.
[25]范严伟,黄宁,马孝义,等.应用HYDRUS-1D模拟砂质夹层土壤入渗特性[J].土壤,2016(1):193-200.
[26]Carsel Robert F,Parrish Rudolph S.Developing joint probability distributions of soil water retention characteristics[J].Water Resources Research,1988,24(5):755-769.