西香高速小高山隧道地下水环境影响评价
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摘要
在隧道施工时,常由于隧道内涌水量过大造成地下水疏干,周围植被枯竭,研究和预测隧道工程建设对水环境的影响具有重要意义。以西昌至香格里拉高速公路的小高山隧道为例,在工程地质勘察基础上,采用三维数值模拟隧道开挖前后地下水流动情况,定性定量分析隧道施工对小高山地下水环境的影响。结果表明,靠近隧道地下水以垂向径流为主,远离隧道地下水径流受隧道开挖影响较小。计算得到隧道施工期最大涌水量为24 641 m~3/d (初期),正常涌水量为16 427 m~3/d (稳定),地下水降位漏斗最大影响半径可达4 km。整个模拟反映了隧道施工排水对地下水环境的变化过程,体现了隧道建设对地下水流场的改变特征,并模拟了封堵措施对地下水环境的保护作用。在加强超前预测的情况下,目前修建隧道是合理的、可行的,不会产生较大的地下水环境问题,对附近居民及上部生态的影响较小。
In tunnel construction,groundwater is often dried up and vegetation around the tunnel is exhausted due to excessive water inflow. It is of great practical significance to study and predict the impact of tunnel construction on groundwater environment. Taking the small Alpine tunnel crossing Xichang-Xiangelila expressway as an example,on the basis of engineering geological investigation,the groundwater flow before and after tunnel excavation is simulated by three-dimensional numerical simulation,and the influence of tunnel construction on groundwater environment in small Alpine areas is qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The simulation results show that the groundwater near the tunnel is mainly vertical runoff. The groundwater runoff far from the tunnel is less affected by tunnel excavation,in which the maximum water inflow during tunnel construction period is 24 641 m~3/d( initial stage),the normal water inflow is 16 427 m~3/d( stable),and the maximum influence radius of groundwater depression funnel is4 km. The whole simulation reflects the changing process of groundwater environment caused by tunnel construction drainage as well as the changing characteristics of groundwater flow field caused by tunnel construction,and simulates the protective effect of sealing measures on groundwater environment. It is reasonable and feasible to construct tunnels under the condition of strengthening advance prediction,which will not cause serious groundwater environmental problems and have less impact on nearby residents and upper ecology.
In tunnel construction,groundwater is often dried up and vegetation around the tunnel is exhausted due to excessive water inflow. It is of great practical significance to study and predict the impact of tunnel construction on groundwater environment. Taking the small Alpine tunnel crossing Xichang-Xiangelila expressway as an example,on the basis of engineering geological investigation,the groundwater flow before and after tunnel excavation is simulated by three-dimensional numerical simulation,and the influence of tunnel construction on groundwater environment in small Alpine areas is qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The simulation results show that the groundwater near the tunnel is mainly vertical runoff. The groundwater runoff far from the tunnel is less affected by tunnel excavation,in which the maximum water inflow during tunnel construction period is 24 641 m~3/d( initial stage),the normal water inflow is 16 427 m~3/d( stable),and the maximum influence radius of groundwater depression funnel is4 km. The whole simulation reflects the changing process of groundwater environment caused by tunnel construction drainage as well as the changing characteristics of groundwater flow field caused by tunnel construction,and simulates the protective effect of sealing measures on groundwater environment. It is reasonable and feasible to construct tunnels under the condition of strengthening advance prediction,which will not cause serious groundwater environmental problems and have less impact on nearby residents and upper ecology.
引文
[1]田娜.地下水循环特征和地下水动态特征分析[J],黑龙江水利科技,2016,10(44):2-5.
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[3]邓广柱,张振飞,管斌.铜陵焦冲金硫矿地下水环境影响预测与评价[J].安徽地质,2018,28(4):303-305.
[4]柳山,罗朝晖,金晓文,等.基于数值模拟的地下水环境影响预测评价体系初探——以黔西南岩溶某场区为例[J].环境工程,2017,35(8):135-137.
[5]唐晓翠,曹聪,孙一博.隧道建设对地下水环境影响的三维数值模拟——以轻轨一号线缙云山隧道为例[J].科技与创新,2016,(4):69-70.
[6]贺炜,莫凯,付宏渊,等.隧道施工对地下水环境影响的三维数值模拟——以八面山隧道为例[J].长沙理工大学学报:自然科学版,2011,8(4):6-9.
[7]徐明,王涛.东天山北麓平原区地下水化学特征研究[J].地下水,2019,41(2):6-9.
[8]郭淑娟.天津某热电厂地下水环境影响数值模拟[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2016:11-16.
[9] YANG F R,LEE C H,KUNG W J,et al. The impact of tunneling construction on hydrogeological environment of"Tseng-Wen Reservoir Transbasin Diversion Project"in Taiwan[J]. Engineering Geology,2009,103(1-2):39-58.
[10] SHIN J H,POTTS D M,ZDRAVKOVIC L. The effect of pore-water pressure on NATM tunnel lingings in decomposed granite soil[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2005,42(6):1585-1599.
[11] LI D,LI X,LI C C,et al. Case studies of groundwater flow into tunnels and an innovative water-gathering system for water drainage[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2009,24(3):260-268.
[12] RAPOSO J R,MOLINERO J,DAFONTE J. Quantitative evaluation of hydrogeological impact produced by tunnel construction using water balance models[J]. Engineering Geology,2010,116(3-4):323-332.
[13] VINCENZI V,GARGINI A,GOLDSCHIDER N. Using tracer tests and hydrological observations to evaluate effects of tunnel drainage on groundwater and surface waters in the Northern Apennines(Italy)[J]. Hydrology Journal,2009,17(1):135-150.
[14] LI H,KAGAMI H. Groundwater level and chemistry changes resulting from tunnel construction near Matsumoto City[J].Environmental Geology,1997,31(1-2):76-84.
[15]中华人民共和国铁道部. TB 10049—2009,铁路工程水文地质勘察规程[S]. 2004-03-09.
[16]中华人民共和国环境保护部.环境影响评价技术导则:地下水环境[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2016.
[2]田娟,李朋涛,刘灏,等.大唐延安发电厂地下水环境影响预测与评价[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(12):248-250.
[3]邓广柱,张振飞,管斌.铜陵焦冲金硫矿地下水环境影响预测与评价[J].安徽地质,2018,28(4):303-305.
[4]柳山,罗朝晖,金晓文,等.基于数值模拟的地下水环境影响预测评价体系初探——以黔西南岩溶某场区为例[J].环境工程,2017,35(8):135-137.
[5]唐晓翠,曹聪,孙一博.隧道建设对地下水环境影响的三维数值模拟——以轻轨一号线缙云山隧道为例[J].科技与创新,2016,(4):69-70.
[6]贺炜,莫凯,付宏渊,等.隧道施工对地下水环境影响的三维数值模拟——以八面山隧道为例[J].长沙理工大学学报:自然科学版,2011,8(4):6-9.
[7]徐明,王涛.东天山北麓平原区地下水化学特征研究[J].地下水,2019,41(2):6-9.
[8]郭淑娟.天津某热电厂地下水环境影响数值模拟[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2016:11-16.
[9] YANG F R,LEE C H,KUNG W J,et al. The impact of tunneling construction on hydrogeological environment of"Tseng-Wen Reservoir Transbasin Diversion Project"in Taiwan[J]. Engineering Geology,2009,103(1-2):39-58.
[10] SHIN J H,POTTS D M,ZDRAVKOVIC L. The effect of pore-water pressure on NATM tunnel lingings in decomposed granite soil[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2005,42(6):1585-1599.
[11] LI D,LI X,LI C C,et al. Case studies of groundwater flow into tunnels and an innovative water-gathering system for water drainage[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2009,24(3):260-268.
[12] RAPOSO J R,MOLINERO J,DAFONTE J. Quantitative evaluation of hydrogeological impact produced by tunnel construction using water balance models[J]. Engineering Geology,2010,116(3-4):323-332.
[13] VINCENZI V,GARGINI A,GOLDSCHIDER N. Using tracer tests and hydrological observations to evaluate effects of tunnel drainage on groundwater and surface waters in the Northern Apennines(Italy)[J]. Hydrology Journal,2009,17(1):135-150.
[14] LI H,KAGAMI H. Groundwater level and chemistry changes resulting from tunnel construction near Matsumoto City[J].Environmental Geology,1997,31(1-2):76-84.
[15]中华人民共和国铁道部. TB 10049—2009,铁路工程水文地质勘察规程[S]. 2004-03-09.
[16]中华人民共和国环境保护部.环境影响评价技术导则:地下水环境[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2016.
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