潮汕传统村落景观基因识别及特征分析
|
摘要
中国传统村落蕴藏着丰富的历史文化信息与自然生态景观资源,进行传统村落景观基因识别可揭示传统村落景观的外在表达和内在特质,对中国传统文化的保护与传承具有重要意义。以潮汕传统村落为研究对象,构建村落景观基因识别指标体系,从建筑、形态布局、文化信仰方面分析潮汕传统村落景观基因特征。结果表明:潮汕传统村落主要是以单姓图腾形成宗族血缘关系为纽带的聚居村落,以祠堂为中心,中轴对称,聚集性、向心性突出;在形态基因上形成列式、组团式、集中式、厝包式、围合式5种空间形态布局类型;重宗法制度、信朴素自然观、多元信仰崇拜是潮汕传统村落文化景观基因的基本特征。研究以期为区域传统村落规划、人居环境建设,村落遗产保护与可持续开发利用提供参考。
Chinese traditional villages contain abundant historical and cultural information,and should be regarded as natural ecological landscape resources. By identifying the gene recognition of village landscape,we can reveal its external expression and internal characteristics,which are of great significance to the protection and inheritance of Chinese traditional culture. In this paper,the traditional villages in Chaoshan are taken as the research subjects. Constructed with the index system of gene recognition of village landscape,the paper also analyzes the genetic characteristics of traditional villages in Chaoshan from three aspects: architecture,morphological layout and cultural beliefs. The results show that the traditional villages in Chaoshan are mainly settled villages linked by single-surname totem,forming through clan blood relationship,centered on ancestral halls,with symmetrical central axis,aggregation and centrality highlighting. For spatial morphological layout,five types are formed in morphological genes,i. e.,determinant,cluster,centralization,crouching and enclosure. In addition,the patriarchal system,the theory of belief in Fengshui and the worship of multiple beliefs are well inherited,considered as the basic characteristics of Chaoshan traditional cultural landscape genes. This paper has reference significance for regional traditional village planning,landscape design,human settlements environment construction,village heritage protection and sustainable development and utilization.
Chinese traditional villages contain abundant historical and cultural information,and should be regarded as natural ecological landscape resources. By identifying the gene recognition of village landscape,we can reveal its external expression and internal characteristics,which are of great significance to the protection and inheritance of Chinese traditional culture. In this paper,the traditional villages in Chaoshan are taken as the research subjects. Constructed with the index system of gene recognition of village landscape,the paper also analyzes the genetic characteristics of traditional villages in Chaoshan from three aspects: architecture,morphological layout and cultural beliefs. The results show that the traditional villages in Chaoshan are mainly settled villages linked by single-surname totem,forming through clan blood relationship,centered on ancestral halls,with symmetrical central axis,aggregation and centrality highlighting. For spatial morphological layout,five types are formed in morphological genes,i. e.,determinant,cluster,centralization,crouching and enclosure. In addition,the patriarchal system,the theory of belief in Fengshui and the worship of multiple beliefs are well inherited,considered as the basic characteristics of Chaoshan traditional cultural landscape genes. This paper has reference significance for regional traditional village planning,landscape design,human settlements environment construction,village heritage protection and sustainable development and utilization.
引文
[1]曹迎春,张玉坤.“中国传统村落”评选及分布探析[J].建筑学报,2013,12(12):44-49.
[2]胡燕,陈晟,曹玮,等.传统村落的概念和文化内涵[J].城市发展研究,2014,21(1):10-13.
[3]刘沛林.古村落文化景观的基因表达与景观识别[J].衡阳师范学院学报,2003,24(4):1-8.
[4]刘沛林,刘春腊,邓运员,等.中国传统聚落景观区划及其景观基因识别要素研究[J].地理学报,2010,65(12):1496-1506.
[5]刘沛林,刘春腊,邓运员,等.客家传统聚落景观基因识别及其地学视角的解析[J].人文地理,2009,24(6):40-43.
[6]刘沛林,刘春腊.基于景观基因完整性理念的传统聚落保护与开发[J].经济地理,2009,29(10):1731-1736.
[7]刘沛林,刘春腊,邓运员,等.我国古城镇景观基因“胞—链—形”的图示表达与区域差异研究[J].人文地理,2011,31(1):19-23.
[8]申秀英,刘沛林,邓运员,等.景观基因图谱:聚落文化景观区系研究的一种新视角[J].辽宁大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006,34(3):143-148.
[9]刘沛林.中国传统聚落景观基因图谱的构建与应用研究[D/OL].北京:北京大学,2011:36[2018-11-20]. http://www. wanfangdata. com. cn/details/detail. do?_type=degree&id=Y2025353.
[10]胡最,刘沛林,申秀英,等.传统聚落景观基因信息单元表达机制[J].地理与地理信息科学,2010,26(6):96-101.
[11]胡最,刘沛林,陈影.传统聚落景观基因信息图谱单元研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2009,25(5):79-83.
[12]辛福森,黄成林,尹寿兵.徽州传统聚落景观基因识别及其分析[J].黄山学院学报,2012(2):35-39.
[13]王梦娜.传统村落非物质文化遗产保护研究:以运城市为例[D/OL].长沙:湖南师范大学,2014:28-35[2018-12-10]. http://d. wanfangdata. com. cn/Thesis_Y2549282. aspx.
[14]载田,刘沛林.南岭山区传统聚落景观资源及其旅游开发研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2004,13(1):35-39.
[15]周春山,张浩龙.传统村落文化景观分析初探:以肇庆为例[J].南方建筑,2015,41(4):67-71.
[16]邓运员,杨柳,刘沛林.景观基因视角的湖南省古村镇文化特质及其保护价值[J].经济地理,2011,31(9):1552-1557,1584.
[17]后雪峰,屈清,李勇.基于GIS的揭阳市传统村落空间分布特征研究[J].广州大学学报(自然科学版),2017,16(5):88-95.
[18]后雪峰,屈清,李勇.潮汕地区传统村落空间形态特征及影响因素[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018,41(6):588-693.
[19]彭丽君.基于文化地理学的肇庆市传统村落及民居研究[D/OL].广州:华南理工大学,2015:25-30[2019-10-12]. http://cdmd. cnki. com. cn/Article/CDMD-10561-1015989736. htm.
[20]陶伟,陈红叶,林杰勇.句法视角下广州传统村落空间形态及认知研究[J].地理学报,2013,68(2):209-218.
[21]徐勇志.岭南传统建筑文化的生态意蕴与现实挑战[J].南京林业大学学报(人文社会科学版),2016,32(2):84-92.
[22]后雪峰,李勇,屈清.基于GIS的潮汕乡村聚落空间演变特征与地理因素相关研究:以揭东县龙尾镇为例[J].广西师范学院学报(自然科学版),2016,33(4):127-133.
[2]胡燕,陈晟,曹玮,等.传统村落的概念和文化内涵[J].城市发展研究,2014,21(1):10-13.
[3]刘沛林.古村落文化景观的基因表达与景观识别[J].衡阳师范学院学报,2003,24(4):1-8.
[4]刘沛林,刘春腊,邓运员,等.中国传统聚落景观区划及其景观基因识别要素研究[J].地理学报,2010,65(12):1496-1506.
[5]刘沛林,刘春腊,邓运员,等.客家传统聚落景观基因识别及其地学视角的解析[J].人文地理,2009,24(6):40-43.
[6]刘沛林,刘春腊.基于景观基因完整性理念的传统聚落保护与开发[J].经济地理,2009,29(10):1731-1736.
[7]刘沛林,刘春腊,邓运员,等.我国古城镇景观基因“胞—链—形”的图示表达与区域差异研究[J].人文地理,2011,31(1):19-23.
[8]申秀英,刘沛林,邓运员,等.景观基因图谱:聚落文化景观区系研究的一种新视角[J].辽宁大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006,34(3):143-148.
[9]刘沛林.中国传统聚落景观基因图谱的构建与应用研究[D/OL].北京:北京大学,2011:36[2018-11-20]. http://www. wanfangdata. com. cn/details/detail. do?_type=degree&id=Y2025353.
[10]胡最,刘沛林,申秀英,等.传统聚落景观基因信息单元表达机制[J].地理与地理信息科学,2010,26(6):96-101.
[11]胡最,刘沛林,陈影.传统聚落景观基因信息图谱单元研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2009,25(5):79-83.
[12]辛福森,黄成林,尹寿兵.徽州传统聚落景观基因识别及其分析[J].黄山学院学报,2012(2):35-39.
[13]王梦娜.传统村落非物质文化遗产保护研究:以运城市为例[D/OL].长沙:湖南师范大学,2014:28-35[2018-12-10]. http://d. wanfangdata. com. cn/Thesis_Y2549282. aspx.
[14]载田,刘沛林.南岭山区传统聚落景观资源及其旅游开发研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2004,13(1):35-39.
[15]周春山,张浩龙.传统村落文化景观分析初探:以肇庆为例[J].南方建筑,2015,41(4):67-71.
[16]邓运员,杨柳,刘沛林.景观基因视角的湖南省古村镇文化特质及其保护价值[J].经济地理,2011,31(9):1552-1557,1584.
[17]后雪峰,屈清,李勇.基于GIS的揭阳市传统村落空间分布特征研究[J].广州大学学报(自然科学版),2017,16(5):88-95.
[18]后雪峰,屈清,李勇.潮汕地区传统村落空间形态特征及影响因素[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018,41(6):588-693.
[19]彭丽君.基于文化地理学的肇庆市传统村落及民居研究[D/OL].广州:华南理工大学,2015:25-30[2019-10-12]. http://cdmd. cnki. com. cn/Article/CDMD-10561-1015989736. htm.
[20]陶伟,陈红叶,林杰勇.句法视角下广州传统村落空间形态及认知研究[J].地理学报,2013,68(2):209-218.
[21]徐勇志.岭南传统建筑文化的生态意蕴与现实挑战[J].南京林业大学学报(人文社会科学版),2016,32(2):84-92.
[22]后雪峰,李勇,屈清.基于GIS的潮汕乡村聚落空间演变特征与地理因素相关研究:以揭东县龙尾镇为例[J].广西师范学院学报(自然科学版),2016,33(4):127-133.