哥伦比亚马钦火山热液系统:2011～2013年期间观测到的新岩浆信号
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摘要
近年来(2009～2013年)哥伦比亚马钦火山出现了新的地震活动。为了改善火山监测系统,本文通过分析该地区火山喷气孔和温泉的化学成分及同位素组成,研究了火山排放的流体地球化学特征。由于火山喷气孔中下部液相分离,导致穹丘中上部的喷气孔亏损δD和δ~(18)O(与大气降雨补给的流体相比)。在2011～2013年期间,发现喷气孔有很明显的岩浆成因He,同时排放的液体中岩浆的贡献量也有所增加,证实了地震活动性的增强。地球化学和地震资料都显示马钦火山已经苏醒,说明该火山仍然处于活跃期,值得我们对其活动性进行重点监测。
引文
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Sortino,F.,Inguaggiato,S.,Francofonte,S.,1991.Determination of HF,HCl,and total sulfur in fumarolic fluids by ion chromatography.Acta Vulcanol.1,89-91.
Thouret,J.C.,Cantagrel,J.M.,Robin,C.,Murcia,A.,Salinas,R.,Cepeda,H.,1995.Quaternary eruptive history and hazard-zonemodel at Nevado del Tolima and CerroMachín volcanoes,Colom-bia.J.Volcanol.Geotherm.Res.66,397-426.
Capasso,G.,Inguaggiato,S.,1998.A simple method for the determination of dissolved gases in natural waters:an application to thermal waters from Vulcano island.Appl.Geochem.13,631-642.
Craig,H.,1961.Isotopic variations in meteoric waters.Science 133,1702-1708.
Dansgaard,W.,1964.Stable isotopes in precipitation.Tellus 16,436-468.
Domínguez,L.,Concha,A.E.,Cepeda,H.,2003.Volcn Cerro Machín:Mecanismo eruptivo,transporte y sedimentación(Tolima,Colombia).Geol.Colomb.28,3-21.
Favara,R.,Grassa,F.,Inguaggiato,S.,Pecoraino,G.,Capasso,G.,2002.A simple method to determine theδ13 C content of total dissolved inorganic carbon.Geofis.Int.41,313-320.
Giggenbach,W.F.A.,1975.Simple method for the collection and analysis of volcanic gas samples.Bull.Volcanol.39:132.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02596953.
Giggenbach,W.F.,1988.Geothermal solute equilibria.Derivation of Na-K-Mg-Ca geoindicators.Geochim.Cosmochim.Acta 52,2749-2765.
Giggenbach,W.F.,1991.In:DAmore,F.(Ed.),Chemical Techniques in Geothermal Exploration,Application of Geochemistry in Geothermal Reservoir Development.
Inguaggiato,S.,Hidalgo,S.,Beate,B.,Bourquin,J.,2010.Geochemical and isotopic characterization of volcanic and geothermal fluids discharged from the Ecuadorian volcanic arc.Geofluids 10,525-541(2010).
Londo1o,J.M.,2004.General aspects of the seismic activity of Cerro Machín volcano,Colombia.(In Spanish).Mem.of 1st Latin American Congress of Seismology(Armenia(Quindío).[online]:http://geoslac.org/descargas/first-latin-americancongress-ofseismology-armenia-colombia-2004-abstracts.pdf).
Londo1o,J.M.,2009.Radon and CO2emissions in different geological environments as a tool for monitoring volcanic and seismic activity in central part of Colombia.Bol.Geol.31(2),83-95(online).
Londo1o,J.M.,2011.Tomografía sísmica 3D del Volcn Cerro Machín.Abstract.XII Congreso Colombiano de Geología(Paipa,Boyac).
Majoube,M.,1971.Fractionnement en oxygene-18et en deuterium entre leau et sa vapeur.J.Chin.Phys.68,1423-1436.
Marty,B.,Jambon,A.,1987.C/3 He in volatile fluxes from the solid Earth:implication for carbon geo-dynamics.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.83,16-26.
Montes,N.,Osorio,J.A.,Velandia,F.,Acosta,J.,Nú1ez,A.,Audemard,F.,Diderix,H.,2004.Paleosismología de La Falla Ibagué.Final report.INGEOMINAS,Bogot(140pp.).
Murcia,H.F.,Sheridan,M.F.,Macías,J.L.,Cortés,G.P.,2010.TITAN2Dsimulations of pyroclastic flows at Cerro Machín Volcano,Colombia:hazard implications.J.S.Am.Earth Sci.29(2010),131-170.
Rueda,H.,Macias,J.L.,Siebe,C.,Cepeda,H.,Mendez,R.,Cortes,G.,2005.Holocene eruptions of Machin volcano:stratigraphy and eruptive dynamics[abs].EOS Trans.Am.Geophys.Union 86(52)(Supplement Abstract,V53B-1550,1340hposter).
Sano,Y.,Wakita,H.,1985.Geographical distribution of 3 He/4 He in Japan:implications for arc tectonics and incipient magmatism.J.Geophys.Res.90,8729-8741.
Saylor,J.E.,Mora,A.,Horton,B.K.,Nie,J.,2009.Controls on the isotopic composition of surface water and precipitation in the Northern Andes,Colombian Eastern Cordillera.Geochim.Cosmochim.Acta 73(2009),6999-7018.
Sortino,F.,Inguaggiato,S.,Francofonte,S.,1991.Determination of HF,HCl,and total sulfur in fumarolic fluids by ion chromatography.Acta Vulcanol.1,89-91.
Thouret,J.C.,Cantagrel,J.M.,Robin,C.,Murcia,A.,Salinas,R.,Cepeda,H.,1995.Quaternary eruptive history and hazard-zonemodel at Nevado del Tolima and CerroMachín volcanoes,Colom-bia.J.Volcanol.Geotherm.Res.66,397-426.