乡村振兴战略下农村环境协同治理关键因素识别研究
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摘要
农村环境治理体系创新和治理路径有效是党的十九大全面部署实施乡村振兴重大战略中核心问题之一。现有关于农村环境问题研究大多是对乡村环境治理模式及多元治理模式中社会资本因素探讨,缺乏多元治理模式中环境治理失灵的实证研究。本研究首先基于利益相关理论,从政府、企业、城市、村民、环保组织、科研院校等不同主体的利益诉求和行为导向定性分析了农村环境目前现实困境,调研梳理出农村环境协同治理的影响因素指标体系;其次为降低决策试验与实验室评估法(DEMATEL)模型中专家打分建立关联矩阵的主观性,引入灰数理论,基于Grey-DEMATEL定量识别影响泉州市农村环境协同治理的原因、结果和综合影响因素,以及研究因素之间的关系和相互影响程度。结果表明:地方保护主义、城市发展汲取农村资源是农村环境协同治理的根本制约因素,忽视农村环保技术有别、重视事前环保技术研发而忽视之后的应用和改进是起关键驱动作用的原因因素;城市污染企业为转嫁排污成本转入偏远农村、农村承载城市发展中一些污染转移是直接障碍因素,是短期内有效改善农村环境治理困境的结果因素;农村基本公共卫生设施建设的资金投入有限是最活跃的影响因素,容易影响其他因素,也容易受其他因素影响,是农村环境协同治理实施的核心因素。最后根据各因素之间的因果关系和综合影响程度分析结果,厘清农村环境治理行动中政府、企业、城市、村民、环保组织、科研院校等不同利益相关者主体之间的博弈关系,明确农村环境治理中各个利益相关者的角色定位,提出泉州市农村环境协同治理的长短期和重点措施等建议,为乡村振兴战略部署中创设利益均衡的农村环境多元协同治理的有效途径提供参考。
Rural environmental governance with innovative system and efficient path is a point of rural revitalization strategies.The researches of rural environment problems are mostly about the patterns of village environmental governance and the issues of social capital in rural environmental protection. While less are about empirical study on failure of cooperative governance for village environment. In this study, the stakeholder theory was used to analyze the village environment dilemma based on the interest appeals and behavior guidance of government, enterprise, city, villager, environmental organizations and research institutions, established influencing factors index system of rural environmental cooperative governance. To reduce the subjectivity when experts scored to establish the correlation matrix, Grey-DEMATEL method was then applied to identify important causal factors, result factors and relevant factors of rural environmental cooperative governance, and to explore the relationship and combined influencing degree among the influencing factors in Quanzhou, Fujian Province. The results showed that regional protectionism and rural resources being drawn for urban development were more fundamental factors that restricted rural environmental cooperative governance, neglect of distinction of rural environmental protection technology and application and promotion of environmental protection technology had great influencing degree and played a significant driving role too. Urban pollution enterprises being shifted to remote rural areas for transferring emission costs and some urban pollution being transferred to rural areas were direct obstacle factors, which effectively aggravated the predicament of rural environmental governance in a short time. Limit of public health infrastructure construction in rural areas due to their low economic profit was the most active influencing factor of cooperative governance for village environment, extensive economy growing mode of rural enterprise and lack of scientific research and rural environmental protection industrial chain were also the core influencing factors, which easily influenced the other factors, and were also easily influenced by other factors. Last,according to the analysis of the relationship and combined influencing degree among those factors, this paper analyzed relationship among government, enterprise, city, villager, environmental organizations and research institutions, then defined the roles of different stakeholders. The long-term measures, short-term measures and key measures were put forward for realizing the strategic vision of village environmental cooperative governance to change rural environment pollution thoroughly.
Rural environmental governance with innovative system and efficient path is a point of rural revitalization strategies.The researches of rural environment problems are mostly about the patterns of village environmental governance and the issues of social capital in rural environmental protection. While less are about empirical study on failure of cooperative governance for village environment. In this study, the stakeholder theory was used to analyze the village environment dilemma based on the interest appeals and behavior guidance of government, enterprise, city, villager, environmental organizations and research institutions, established influencing factors index system of rural environmental cooperative governance. To reduce the subjectivity when experts scored to establish the correlation matrix, Grey-DEMATEL method was then applied to identify important causal factors, result factors and relevant factors of rural environmental cooperative governance, and to explore the relationship and combined influencing degree among the influencing factors in Quanzhou, Fujian Province. The results showed that regional protectionism and rural resources being drawn for urban development were more fundamental factors that restricted rural environmental cooperative governance, neglect of distinction of rural environmental protection technology and application and promotion of environmental protection technology had great influencing degree and played a significant driving role too. Urban pollution enterprises being shifted to remote rural areas for transferring emission costs and some urban pollution being transferred to rural areas were direct obstacle factors, which effectively aggravated the predicament of rural environmental governance in a short time. Limit of public health infrastructure construction in rural areas due to their low economic profit was the most active influencing factor of cooperative governance for village environment, extensive economy growing mode of rural enterprise and lack of scientific research and rural environmental protection industrial chain were also the core influencing factors, which easily influenced the other factors, and were also easily influenced by other factors. Last,according to the analysis of the relationship and combined influencing degree among those factors, this paper analyzed relationship among government, enterprise, city, villager, environmental organizations and research institutions, then defined the roles of different stakeholders. The long-term measures, short-term measures and key measures were put forward for realizing the strategic vision of village environmental cooperative governance to change rural environment pollution thoroughly.
引文
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[6]杜焱强,刘平养,包存宽,等.社会资本视阈下的农村环境治理研究--以欠发达地区J村养殖污染为个案[J].公共管理学报,2016,13(4):101-112DU Y Q,LIU P Y,BAO C K,et al.A study on the rural environmental governance through the lens of social capitalA case of livestock farming pollution in the undeveloped region[J].Journal of Public Management,2016,13(4):101-112
[7]郭利京,赵谨.非正式制度与农户亲环境行为--以农户秸秆处理行为为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(11):69-75GUO L J,ZHAO J.Informal institutions and farmers pro-environmental behavior:As an example of the farmers’straw processing behavior[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2014,24(11):69-75
[8]徐志刚,张炯,仇焕广.声誉诉求对农户亲环境行为的影响研究--以家禽养殖户污染物处理方式选择为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(10):44-52XU Z G,ZHANG J,QIU H G.Effects of reputation demands on farmers’pro-environmental behavior:Taking the farmers’disposal behavior of poultry waste as an example[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2016,26(10):44-52
[9]颜廷武,何可,张俊飚.社会资本对农民环保投资意愿的影响分析--来自湖北农村农业废弃物资源化的实证研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(1):158-164YAN T W,HE K,ZHANG J B.Analysis of social capital influencing farmers’willingness of environmental protection investment:Evidence from empirical study on reusing agricultural wastes in Hubei Rural Areas[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2016,26(1):158-164
[10]何可,张俊飚.农民对资源性农业废弃物循环利用的价值感知及其影响因素[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(10):150-156HE K,ZHANG J B.Farmers value perception and influencing factors of resource agricultural waste recycling[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2014,24(10):150-156
[11]颜廷武,张童朝,何可,等.作物秸秆还田利用的农民决策行为研究--基于皖鲁等七省的调查[J].农业经济问题,2017,38(4):39-48YAN T W,ZHANG T C,HE K,et al.Study on farmers’decision behavior of crop straw recycling of returning to field:Based on farmers’survey of seven provinces[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2017,38(4):39-48
[12]FAN Z P,SUO W L,FENG B.Identifying risk factors of IToutsourcing using interdependent information:An extended DEMATEL method[J].Expert Systems with Application,2012,39(3):3832-3840
[13]LI R J.Fuzzy method in group decision making[J].Computers&Mathematics with Applications,1999,38(1):91-101
[14]姚石,杨红娟.生态文明建设的关键因素识别[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(4):119-127YAO S,YANG H J.Identification of key factors of ecological civilization construction[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2017,27(4):119-127
[15]王秀艳,曲英,武春友.基于Grey-DEMATEL电子废弃物回收制约因素研究[J].当代经济管理,2016,38(3):27-33WANG X Y,QU Y,WU C Y.Study on the constraints of waste-electronics-recycling based on Grey-DEMATEL[J].Contemporary Economic Management,2016,38(3):27-33
[16]秦曼,杜元伟.海洋产业生态化关键因素识别[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(12):4092-4100QIN M,DU Y W.Identification of key factors of marine industrial ecologization[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(12):4092-4100
[17]饶清华,邱宇,许丽忠,等.基于多目标决策的节能减排绩效评估[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(2):617-625RAO Q H,QIU Y,XU L Z,et al.Evaluation of energy saving and emission reduction performance based on multi-object decision model[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(2):617-625
[2]OSTROM E.Governing the Commons:The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1990:298
[3]李红,刘玉桥,徐建斌,等.湖南省农村环境保护的社区机制模式[J].经济地理,2016,36(7):154-159LI H,LIU Y Q,XU J B,et al.The model of rural environmental protection community mechanism in Hunan Province[J].Economic Geography,2016,36(7):154-159
[4]徐建斌,任成凯,李红,等.湖南省农村环境保护社区机制质量的实证研究[J].经济地理,2015,35(2):178-183XU J B,REN C K,LI H,et al.An empirical study of environmental protection mechanism quality of rural community in Hunan Province[J].Economic Geography,2015,35(2):178-183
[5]赵丹丹,胡碧霞,魏晓,等.湖南省农村环境保护社区机制效率及驱动因素[J].经济地理,2017,37(6):164-170ZHAO D D,HU B X,WEI X,et al.Efficiency and driving factors of rural environmental protection community mechanism in Hunan Province[J].Economic Geography,2017,37(6):164-170
[6]杜焱强,刘平养,包存宽,等.社会资本视阈下的农村环境治理研究--以欠发达地区J村养殖污染为个案[J].公共管理学报,2016,13(4):101-112DU Y Q,LIU P Y,BAO C K,et al.A study on the rural environmental governance through the lens of social capitalA case of livestock farming pollution in the undeveloped region[J].Journal of Public Management,2016,13(4):101-112
[7]郭利京,赵谨.非正式制度与农户亲环境行为--以农户秸秆处理行为为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(11):69-75GUO L J,ZHAO J.Informal institutions and farmers pro-environmental behavior:As an example of the farmers’straw processing behavior[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2014,24(11):69-75
[8]徐志刚,张炯,仇焕广.声誉诉求对农户亲环境行为的影响研究--以家禽养殖户污染物处理方式选择为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(10):44-52XU Z G,ZHANG J,QIU H G.Effects of reputation demands on farmers’pro-environmental behavior:Taking the farmers’disposal behavior of poultry waste as an example[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2016,26(10):44-52
[9]颜廷武,何可,张俊飚.社会资本对农民环保投资意愿的影响分析--来自湖北农村农业废弃物资源化的实证研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(1):158-164YAN T W,HE K,ZHANG J B.Analysis of social capital influencing farmers’willingness of environmental protection investment:Evidence from empirical study on reusing agricultural wastes in Hubei Rural Areas[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2016,26(1):158-164
[10]何可,张俊飚.农民对资源性农业废弃物循环利用的价值感知及其影响因素[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(10):150-156HE K,ZHANG J B.Farmers value perception and influencing factors of resource agricultural waste recycling[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2014,24(10):150-156
[11]颜廷武,张童朝,何可,等.作物秸秆还田利用的农民决策行为研究--基于皖鲁等七省的调查[J].农业经济问题,2017,38(4):39-48YAN T W,ZHANG T C,HE K,et al.Study on farmers’decision behavior of crop straw recycling of returning to field:Based on farmers’survey of seven provinces[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2017,38(4):39-48
[12]FAN Z P,SUO W L,FENG B.Identifying risk factors of IToutsourcing using interdependent information:An extended DEMATEL method[J].Expert Systems with Application,2012,39(3):3832-3840
[13]LI R J.Fuzzy method in group decision making[J].Computers&Mathematics with Applications,1999,38(1):91-101
[14]姚石,杨红娟.生态文明建设的关键因素识别[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(4):119-127YAO S,YANG H J.Identification of key factors of ecological civilization construction[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2017,27(4):119-127
[15]王秀艳,曲英,武春友.基于Grey-DEMATEL电子废弃物回收制约因素研究[J].当代经济管理,2016,38(3):27-33WANG X Y,QU Y,WU C Y.Study on the constraints of waste-electronics-recycling based on Grey-DEMATEL[J].Contemporary Economic Management,2016,38(3):27-33
[16]秦曼,杜元伟.海洋产业生态化关键因素识别[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(12):4092-4100QIN M,DU Y W.Identification of key factors of marine industrial ecologization[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(12):4092-4100
[17]饶清华,邱宇,许丽忠,等.基于多目标决策的节能减排绩效评估[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(2):617-625RAO Q H,QIU Y,XU L Z,et al.Evaluation of energy saving and emission reduction performance based on multi-object decision model[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(2):617-625