典型植物对山地城市雨水径流净化效果及其生长适应性
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摘要
为探究在山地海绵城市建设中,植物对雨水径流的改善效果,根据重庆市雨水径流特征,配制模拟雨水径流,对10种本地植物进行为期2个多月培养实验,对植物的生长情况、模拟雨水中重点污染物的去除效果等定期检测。结果表明:植物有利于模拟雨水中氮、磷、COD_(Cr)的去除;培养45 d后,再力花培养组对氨氮去除率98. 3%;黄菖蒲培养组对总氮(TN)去除率96. 5%;水竹、德国鸢尾培养组对总磷(TP)的去除率达到90. 0%;大漂、美人蕉培养组对COD_(Cr)的去除率分别为79. 0%、76. 9%。总的来说,植物对模拟雨水中氮、磷、有机物的去除贡献率分别达到16. 9%～29. 9%、10. 0%～30. 0%、5. 5%～23. 9%。德国鸢尾、水竹、美人蕉、金鱼藻生长适应性及污染物去除效果良好,推荐为人工浮岛、生物滞留带等海绵设施优先植物。
In order to investigate effect of plants on rainwater runoff in the construction of mountain sponge cities,simulated rainwater runoff was confected according to the characteristics of rainwater runoff in Chongqing,and a two-month culture experiment on 10 local plants was confect in while the growth of plants and the removal effect of key pollutants in simulated rainwater were regularly tested. The results showed that the plants were beneficial to enhance the removal of ammonia nitrogen,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and COD_(Cr)in simulated rainwater. After cultured 45 d,the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was 98. 3% in the Thalia dealbata culture group,and 96. 5%in the Iris pseudacorus L. culture group. The removal rate of TP was 90. 0% in Phyllostachys heteroclada Olive and Iris germanica L. culture groups. The removal rate of COD_(Cr) was 79. 0% in Pistia stratiotes culture group and76. 9% in Canna indica L. culture group. In general,the contribution rates of plants to the removal of nitrogen,phosphorus and organic matter in simulated rainwater were 16. 9% ～ 29. 9%,10. 0% ～ 30. 0% and 5. 5% ～23. 9%,respectively. The growth adaptability of Iris germanica L,Phyllostachys heteroclada Oliver,Canna indica L. and Ceratophyllum demersum L. and the removal of key pollutants are well,recommended as artificial floating islands,biological retention zone and other sponge facilities priority plants.
In order to investigate effect of plants on rainwater runoff in the construction of mountain sponge cities,simulated rainwater runoff was confected according to the characteristics of rainwater runoff in Chongqing,and a two-month culture experiment on 10 local plants was confect in while the growth of plants and the removal effect of key pollutants in simulated rainwater were regularly tested. The results showed that the plants were beneficial to enhance the removal of ammonia nitrogen,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and COD_(Cr)in simulated rainwater. After cultured 45 d,the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was 98. 3% in the Thalia dealbata culture group,and 96. 5%in the Iris pseudacorus L. culture group. The removal rate of TP was 90. 0% in Phyllostachys heteroclada Olive and Iris germanica L. culture groups. The removal rate of COD_(Cr) was 79. 0% in Pistia stratiotes culture group and76. 9% in Canna indica L. culture group. In general,the contribution rates of plants to the removal of nitrogen,phosphorus and organic matter in simulated rainwater were 16. 9% ～ 29. 9%,10. 0% ～ 30. 0% and 5. 5% ～23. 9%,respectively. The growth adaptability of Iris germanica L,Phyllostachys heteroclada Oliver,Canna indica L. and Ceratophyllum demersum L. and the removal of key pollutants are well,recommended as artificial floating islands,biological retention zone and other sponge facilities priority plants.
引文
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2高菲.海绵城市建设-低影响开发绿色雨水设施的植物运用[J].中外建筑,2016(7):115-117Gao Fei.Sponge city construction-plant application of low impact development of green rainwater facilities[J].Chinese&Overseas Architecture,2016(7):115-117
3李畅,王思思,Fang Xing,等.下沉式绿地对雨水径流污染物的削减效果及影响因素分析[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(11):215-224Li Chang,Wang Sisi,Fang Xing,et al.Analysis on the reduction effect and influence factors of the sunken green space on stormwater runoff pollutant[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(11):215-224
4黄洁慧,梅凯.人工浮岛植物的筛选及其去污效果的试验研究[J].污染防治技术,2015,28(6):34-39,47Huang Jiehui,Mei Kai.Screening plants planting on the artificial floating rafts and the purification effects of waste water by the plant system[J].Pollution Control Technology,2015,28(6):34-39,47
5刘浏,蔡敏,王旭东.生态浮岛应用于黑臭河道的水质改善研究[J].污染防治技术,2017,30(2):28-31Liu liu,Cai Min,Wang Xudong.A study on the application of ecological floating island in malodorous black river renovation to improve water quality[J].Pollution Control Technology,2017,30(2):28-31
6赵联芳,梅才华,丁小燕,等.人工湿地污水脱氮中N2O的产生机理和影响因素[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(29):8705-8714Zhao Lianfang,Mei Caihua,Ding Xiaoyan,et al.A review on the production mechanism and affecting factors of N2O during nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(29):8705-8714
7叶旭红,申秀英.水生植物对受污水体净化作用的研究进展[J].海洋湖沼通报,2011(3):111-116Ye Xunhong,Shen Xiuying.The study progress of aquatic plants for wastewater purification[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2011(3):111-116
8张泽西,刘佳凯,张振明,等.种植不同植物及其组合的人工浮岛对水中氮、磷的去除效果比较[J].湿地科学,2018,16(2):273-278Zhang Zexi,Liu Jiakai,Zhang Zhenming,et al.Comparison of removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus by artificial floating islands with different plants[J].Wetland Science,2018,16(2):273-278
9王鹤霏,贾艾晨,张晓东,等.人工浮岛对城市景观用水水质净化效果的研究[J].环境保护科学,2013,39(5):14-17,45Wang Hefei,Jia Aichen,Zhang Xiaodong,et al.Study on purification effect of artificial floating island on urban landscape water[J].Environmental Protection Science,2013,39(5):14-17,45
10姜新佩,张欢.不同类型湿地对城市污水净化能力的比较研究[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(35):313-316Jiang Xinpei,Zhang Huan.A comparative study of different types of wetland for the purification capacity of urban wastewater[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(35):313-316