泉州湾河口湿地互花米草种群的季节动态研究
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摘要
迄今为止,互花米草(Sporobolus alterniflorus(Loisel.) P.M.Peterson&Saarela)虽被列入外来入侵植物,但就其生态环境效应仍在学界颇有争议。以福建省泉州湾洛阳江河口湿地的互花米草种群为研究对象,分别于2017年6月(夏)、9月(秋)、12月(冬)和2018年3月(春)进行采样,测定互花米草在不同潮位的密度、株高、丛径、鲜重和干重等指标。研究结果表明:季节变化对互花米草的密度、株高、丛径、鲜重与干重差异均有显著影响(P<0.05)。三个潮区互花米草密度都呈现夏季>秋季>春季>冬季,且不同潮区四个季节之间互花米草密度差异显著;株高在四个季度中呈现秋季>夏季>冬季>春季,秋季显著高于其他季节;丛径随季节变化差异均显著,在夏季达到最大值;鲜重与干重在四个季度中均呈现秋季>夏季>冬季>春季,且鲜重随季节变化差异均显著,干重表现为秋季和夏季显著高于冬季和春季。
Heretofore,Sporobolus alterniflorus has been on the list of invasive plants,but it is still academically controversial about its ecological environment effect.The study concerned about the population of S.alterniflorus in the Luoyang River estuary wetland of Quanzhou Bay,Fujian Province,taking samples on June(Summer),September(Autumn),December(Winter) of 2017,and March(Spring) of 2018,to measure the difference of density,plant height,turf size,fresh weight,and dry weight of S.alterniflorus with change of tide levels.It was shown that seasonal changes had significant effects on the density,plant height,turf size,fresh weight and dry weight of S.alterniflorus(P<0.05).The densities of S. alterniflorus in the three tidal areas appeared as Summer>Autumn>Spring>Winter,what's more,the seasonal difference of density was obviously different in three different tidal areas.As for plant height,it appeared as Autumn>Summer>Winter>Spring,of which height in Autumn was evidently the top one.The turf size of S.alterniflorus also had great changes with seasonal variation in all three areas,reaching the maximum in Summer.Although fresh weight and dry weight showed as Autumn>Summer>Winter>Spring,fresh weight varied more significantly with seasons,while dry weight in Autumn and Summer was much heavier than in Winter and Spring.The conclusion of this study provide theoretical basis and reference for the protection of mangrove wetland in Quanzhou Bay and the treatment of S.alterniflorus.
Heretofore,Sporobolus alterniflorus has been on the list of invasive plants,but it is still academically controversial about its ecological environment effect.The study concerned about the population of S.alterniflorus in the Luoyang River estuary wetland of Quanzhou Bay,Fujian Province,taking samples on June(Summer),September(Autumn),December(Winter) of 2017,and March(Spring) of 2018,to measure the difference of density,plant height,turf size,fresh weight,and dry weight of S.alterniflorus with change of tide levels.It was shown that seasonal changes had significant effects on the density,plant height,turf size,fresh weight and dry weight of S.alterniflorus(P<0.05).The densities of S. alterniflorus in the three tidal areas appeared as Summer>Autumn>Spring>Winter,what's more,the seasonal difference of density was obviously different in three different tidal areas.As for plant height,it appeared as Autumn>Summer>Winter>Spring,of which height in Autumn was evidently the top one.The turf size of S.alterniflorus also had great changes with seasonal variation in all three areas,reaching the maximum in Summer.Although fresh weight and dry weight showed as Autumn>Summer>Winter>Spring,fresh weight varied more significantly with seasons,while dry weight in Autumn and Summer was much heavier than in Winter and Spring.The conclusion of this study provide theoretical basis and reference for the protection of mangrove wetland in Quanzhou Bay and the treatment of S.alterniflorus.
引文
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[18]张亦默,王卿,卢蒙,等.中国东部沿海互花米草种群生活史特征的纬度变异与可塑性[J].生物多样性,2008,16(5):462-469.
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[22]WANG Q,WANG C H,ZHAO B,et al.Effects of growing conditions on the growth of and interactions between salt marsh plants:implications for invasibility of habitats[J].Biological Invasions,2006,8(7):1547-1560.
[2]YANG W,YAN Y,JIANG F,et al.Response of the soil microbial community composition and biomass to a short-term Spartina alterniflora invasion in a coastal wetland of eastern China[J].Plant & Soil,2016,408(1):1-14.
[3]赵相健,赵彩云,柳晓燕,等.不同纬度地区互花米草生长性状及适应性研究[J].生态科学,2015,34(1):119-128.
[4]王洁,顾燕飞,尤海平.互花米草治理措施及利用现状研究进展[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2017,36(8):3152-3156.
[5]李海生,彭小彬,吴秩鑫,等.互花米草对红树林湿地的入侵现状调查研究[J].广东第二师范学院学报,2014,34(3):55-60.
[6]王卿.入侵植物互花米草-生物学、生态学及管理[J].植物分类学报,2006,44(5):559-588.
[7]ZHANG D,HU Y,LIU M,et al.Introduction and spread of an exotic plant,Spartina alterniflora,along coastal marshes of China[J].Wetlands,2017:1-13.
[8]ELSEY-QUIRK T,SELISKAR D M,GALLAGHER J L.Differential population response of allocation,phenology,and tissue chemistry in Spartina alterniflora[J].Plant Ecology,2011,212(11):1873-1885.
[9]GAO S,YONGFEN D U,XIE W J,et al.Environment-ecosystem dynamic processes of Spartina alterniflora salt-marshes along the eastern China coastlines[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2014,57(11):2567-2586.
[10]谭芳林.福建滨海湿地生态恢复技术研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2009.
[11]GUO W,QIAO S,WANG Y,et al.Genetic diversity,population structure,and genetic relatedness of native and non-native populations of Spartina alterniflora(Poaceae,Chloridoideae)[J].Hydrobiologia,2015,745(1):1-15.
[12]刘荣成,洪志猛,叶功富,等.泉州湾洛阳江滨海湿地的生态恢复与重建对策[J].福建林业科技,2004,31(3):75-78.
[13]叶功富,谭芳林,罗彩莲,等.泉州湾河口湿地景观格局变化研究[J].湿地科学,2010,8(4):360-365.
[14]黄传忠,方正贺,池新钦.福建泉州湾河口湿地自然保护区生态问题及对策[J].林业资源管理,2003(1):45-47.
[15]刘荣成.泉州湾河口湿地植物环境适应性研究及其应用[D].镇江:江苏大学,2011.
[16]崔丽娟,李伟,张曼胤,等.福建洛阳江口红树林湿地景观演变及驱动力分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2010,32(2):106-112.
[17]王宗林.泉州湾河口湿地红树林土壤有机碳分布特征[D].镇江:江苏大学,2014.
[18]张亦默,王卿,卢蒙,等.中国东部沿海互花米草种群生活史特征的纬度变异与可塑性[J].生物多样性,2008,16(5):462-469.
[19]黄冠闽.漳江口红树林区互花米草的生长特性及其与秋茄的相对竞争力[D].厦门:厦门大学,2009.
[20]苑泽宁.互花米草结构与生殖生态学研究[D].天津:南开大学,2008.
[21]段博文.红树植物秋茄治理互花米草的生态效应研究[D].厦门:集美大学,2013.
[22]WANG Q,WANG C H,ZHAO B,et al.Effects of growing conditions on the growth of and interactions between salt marsh plants:implications for invasibility of habitats[J].Biological Invasions,2006,8(7):1547-1560.