开封市大气降尘中重金属污染及潜在生态危害评价
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摘要
为了研究开封市大气降尘中的重金属污染情况,文中以开封市三个主要功能区商业区、工业区、居民区为研究地点,采集了开封市鼓楼、第三大街、金康苑等六个地区的共计200个样品。并分别在同一地点的四个季节进行了采样以作横向对比分析。采用微波消解系统对样品进行前处理,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-AES)测定样品中的重金属。分析结果表明:(1)开封市大气降尘重金属中Zn、Cr和Mn含量比开封市土壤背景值低,Al、Cd、Cu、V和Pb含量均高于背景值。其中Al、Cu和Pb的增幅相对较大,其它元素增幅相对较小,其余的2种重金属含量值与土壤背景值相差不大。(2)商业区、居民区与工业区降尘中重金属相比,商业区降尘Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu和Zn含量显著高于居民区、工业区,而Al和Mn、V含量各区域相差不大。(3)降尘中重金属Cd在商业区为很强的潜在生态危害,Cd在三个功能区均表现出相对较高的潜在生态危害,Al、Mn、Cr、V和Cu在各功能区均表现出较低的潜在生态风险。潜在生态风险顺序为:工业区>居民区>商业区。(4)全年中各重金属含量总体呈现出冬季、秋季含量比春季和夏季高的特征。
In order to study the heavy metal pollution in the atmosphere dust of Kaifeng city, taking the three main functional districts of Kaifeng as the research sites, a total of 200 samples were collected from six areas. Samples were taken in four seasons at the same sites for horizontal comparative analysis. The samples were pretreated by microwave digestion system and the heavy metals in the samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-AES). The results show that:(1) the contents of Zn,Cr and Mn in atmospheric dust fall in Kaifeng city are higher than the background value in Kaifeng; Al,Cd,Cu,V and Pb contents are also higher than the background values. Among them, the increase of Al,Cu and Pb is relatively large, the increase of other elements is relatively small, and the other two heavy metals contents are not different from the soil background values.(2) The heavy metals in the dust fall in commercial area, residential area and industrial area are compared. The contents of Cd,Cr,Pb,Cu and Zn in commercial area are significantly higher than that in residential area and industrial area, while the contents of Al, Mnand V are not different among different regions.(3) The Cd in the dust fall is very higher in commercial area. Cd shows relatively high potential ecology risk in the three functional areas. Al, Mn,Cr,V and Cu show low potential ecological risk in each functional area. The order of potential ecological risk is: industrial zone > residential area > commercial district.(4) The contents of heavy metals in winter and autumn are higher than those in spring and summer.
In order to study the heavy metal pollution in the atmosphere dust of Kaifeng city, taking the three main functional districts of Kaifeng as the research sites, a total of 200 samples were collected from six areas. Samples were taken in four seasons at the same sites for horizontal comparative analysis. The samples were pretreated by microwave digestion system and the heavy metals in the samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-AES). The results show that:(1) the contents of Zn,Cr and Mn in atmospheric dust fall in Kaifeng city are higher than the background value in Kaifeng; Al,Cd,Cu,V and Pb contents are also higher than the background values. Among them, the increase of Al,Cu and Pb is relatively large, the increase of other elements is relatively small, and the other two heavy metals contents are not different from the soil background values.(2) The heavy metals in the dust fall in commercial area, residential area and industrial area are compared. The contents of Cd,Cr,Pb,Cu and Zn in commercial area are significantly higher than that in residential area and industrial area, while the contents of Al, Mnand V are not different among different regions.(3) The Cd in the dust fall is very higher in commercial area. Cd shows relatively high potential ecology risk in the three functional areas. Al, Mn,Cr,V and Cu show low potential ecological risk in each functional area. The order of potential ecological risk is: industrial zone > residential area > commercial district.(4) The contents of heavy metals in winter and autumn are higher than those in spring and summer.
引文
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[19]郑国章,著.农业土壤重金属污染研究的理论与实践[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2007:101-108.
[2]胡恭任,戚红璐,丁瑞莲,等.大气降尘中重金属形态分析及生态风险评价[J].有色金属,2011,63(2):286-291.
[3]刘炳江,张铁铃.城市环境污染综合治理与可持续发展[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2006,6(2):73-75.
[4]袁媛.开封市近地层大气颗粒物垂直分布特征研究[D].开封:河南大学,2010:22-25.
[5]崔邢涛,秦振宇,栾文楼,等.河北省保定市平原区土壤重金属污染及潜在生态危害评价[J].现代地质,2014,28(3):523-530.
[6]张江华,赵阿宁,等.内梅罗指数和地质积累指数在土壤重金属评价中的差异探讨-以小秦岭金矿为金矿带为例[J].黄金,2010,31(8).43-46.
[7]郭伟,赵仁鑫,张君.内蒙古包头铁矿区土壤重金属污染特征及评价[J].环境科学,2011,32 (10):3009-3015.
[8]郑国章,著.农业土壤重金属污染研究的理论与实践[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2007:101-108.
[9]崔邢涛,栾文楼,牛彦斌,等.石家庄城市近地表降尘重金属污染及潜在生态危害评价[J].城市环境与城市生态,2011,24(1)27-30.
[10]徐争启,倪师军,张成江,等.著.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008(2):112-115.
[11]王明仕,李晗,王明娅,曹宁,宋党育.中国降尘重金属分布特征及生态风险评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(12):164-169.
[12]赵兴敏,赵蓝坡,花修艺.长春市大气降尘中重金属的分布特征和来源分析[J].城市环境与城市生态,2009,22(4):30-32.
[13]李应硕.长春市城区大气降尘特征及来源研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2007:61.
[14]黄顺生,花明,金洋,等.南京市大气降尘重金属含量特征及来源研究[J].地学前缘,2008,15(5):161-166.
[15]Namour P,Schmitt L,Eschbach D,et al.Stream pollution concentration in riffle geomorphic units (Yzeron basin,France)[J].Science of The Total Environment,2015,532:80-90.
[16]段雪梅,蔡焕兴,巢文军.南京市表层土壤重金属污染特征及污染来源[J].环境科学与管理,2010,35(10):31-34.
[17]李欢娟,李会霞,史兴民.西安市主要湖泊表层沉积物重金属污染及生态风险评估[J].干旱区资源与环境,2019,33(2):122-126.
[18]Hakanson L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control :a sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[19]郑国章,著.农业土壤重金属污染研究的理论与实践[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2007:101-108.