2017.6.21致灾雷暴大风特征分析
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摘要
为深入探讨保定雷暴大风的形成机理和提前预防农业气象灾害的发生,本研究利用常规观测资料及NCEP/NCAR逐日6 h再分析资料,对2017年6月21日发生在保定东部及雄安新区的雷暴大风天气进行分析。结果表明:地面中尺度辐合线和冷池是直接触发机制;探空曲线存在上下2个自由对流高度LFC;雷暴大风出现在最强负变温与正变压前侧锋区;雷暴大风位于高能舌附近的能量锋区;边界层弱冷平流有利于水平锋区的形成与加强。整层MPV2负值的增大、高低空垂直螺旋度的耦合,构成此次雷暴大风天气的典型模式。此次过程是发生在高空槽前的雷暴大风天气,高低空系统的配置和不稳定条件比较有利于强对流的发生。依据地面中尺度系统至少可以提前10～20 min发出预警信号。
To further explore the formation mechanism of thunderstorm and gale in Baoding and to prevent the occurrence of agrometeorological disasters in advance, based on the conventional observation data and daily NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data of 6 h, we analyzed a thunderstorm and gale occurred in eastern Baoding and Xiong'an on June 21, 2017. The results showed that: the mesoscale convergence line and cold pool were the direct trigger mechanism; there were two free convection heights(LFC) in Beijing T-ln P; the thunderstorm and gale was prone to trigger in the front area of the strongest negative temperature and positive pressure; the thunderstorm and gale was near the tongue of high energy; weak cold advection in the boundary layer was beneficial to the formation and strength of the horizontal front; the increase of negative values of MPV2 in the whole layer and the coupling of vertical helicity between high and low constituted the typical mode of the thunderstorm and gale. The gale was in front of high trough, the coordination between weather systems at the upper and lower troposphere together with instability conditions were very beneficial to the development of severe convective weather. According to the ground mesoscale system, warning signals could be sent at least10-20 minutes in advance.
To further explore the formation mechanism of thunderstorm and gale in Baoding and to prevent the occurrence of agrometeorological disasters in advance, based on the conventional observation data and daily NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data of 6 h, we analyzed a thunderstorm and gale occurred in eastern Baoding and Xiong'an on June 21, 2017. The results showed that: the mesoscale convergence line and cold pool were the direct trigger mechanism; there were two free convection heights(LFC) in Beijing T-ln P; the thunderstorm and gale was prone to trigger in the front area of the strongest negative temperature and positive pressure; the thunderstorm and gale was near the tongue of high energy; weak cold advection in the boundary layer was beneficial to the formation and strength of the horizontal front; the increase of negative values of MPV2 in the whole layer and the coupling of vertical helicity between high and low constituted the typical mode of the thunderstorm and gale. The gale was in front of high trough, the coordination between weather systems at the upper and lower troposphere together with instability conditions were very beneficial to the development of severe convective weather. According to the ground mesoscale system, warning signals could be sent at least10-20 minutes in advance.
引文
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[21]狄潇泓,刘新伟,沙宏娥,等.河西走廊一次强沙尘暴动力机制分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(8):145-151.
[2]秦丽,李耀东,高守亭.北京地区雷暴大风的天气—气候学特征研究[J].气候与环境研究,2006,11(6):754-762.
[3]杨晓霞,胡顺起,姜鹏,等.雷暴大风落区的天气学模型和物理量参数研究[J].高原气象,2014,33(4):1057-1068.
[4]黄荣,王迎春,张文龙.复杂地形下北京一次局地雷暴新生和增强机制初探[J].暴雨灾害,2012,31(3):232-241.
[5]丁青兰,王令,陈明轩,等.北京地区暖季对流天气的气候特征[J].气象,2007,33(10):37-44.
[6]刘香娥,郭学良.灾害性大风发生机理与飑线结构特征的个例分析模拟研究[J].大气科学,2012,36(6):1150-1164.
[7]廖晓农,于波,卢丽华.北京雷暴大风气候特征及其短时临近预报方法[J].气象,2009,35(9):18-28.
[8]张桂莲,常欣,黄晓璐,等.东北冷涡背景下超级单体风暴环境条件与雷达回波特征[J].高原气象,2018,37(5):1364-1374.
[9]杨璐,陈明轩,孟金平,等.北京地区雷暴大风不同生命期内的雷达统计特征及预警提前量分析[J].气象,2018,44(6):802-813.
[10]周后福,刁秀广,赵倩,等.一次连续下击暴流天气的成因分析[J].干旱气象,2017,35(4):641-648.
[11]杨芳园,沈茜,周稀,等.云南省一次飑线大风天气过程的中尺度特征分析[J].暴雨灾害,2018,37(1):48-56.
[12]郑艳,俞小鼎,蔡亲波,等.“4·11”海南致灾雷暴大风环境场与多普勒雷达回波特征分析[J].热带气象学报,2017,33(6):850-860.
[13]黄荣,刘日胜,翟丽萍,等.广西2013年一次强冰雹天气诊断和预警特征[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(21):127-135.
[14]刘力源,杨亦萍,黄晓龙,等.浙江一次副高边缘强对流天气过程分析[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(28):106-113.
[15]吴国雄,蔡雅萍,唐晓菁.湿位涡和倾斜涡度发展[J].气象学报,1995,53(4):378-465.
[16]岳彩军,寿亦萱,寿绍文,等.我国螺旋度度的研究及应用[J].高原气象,2006,25(4):754-762.
[17]郑峰.螺旋度的应用研究综述[J].气象科技,2006,34(2):119-123.
[18]尤红,蒋丽萍,彭端,等.2005年6月广东特大暴雨垂直螺旋度分析[J].气象,2007,33(4):71-76.
[19]钱莉,李岩瑛,杨永龙,等.河西走廊东部强沙尘暴分布特征及飑线天气引发强沙尘暴特例分析[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(1):29-36.
[20]史小康,李耀东,高守亭,等.一次江淮暴雨的数值模拟及暴雨落区诊断分析[J].气象科学,2007,27(1):26-34.
[21]狄潇泓,刘新伟,沙宏娥,等.河西走廊一次强沙尘暴动力机制分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(8):145-151.