利用红外相机技术对河北太行山东坡南段的鸟兽调查
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摘要
利用红外相机技术于2017年冬季对河北太行山东坡南段的野生动物进行了调查。通过系统抽样,野外选取4个样区共安置红外相机78台,实际工作4 753个相机日,获有效照片1 903张。结果共鉴定出兽类4目7科7种,鸟类9目14科27种,其中国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类有勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha)、雀鹰(Accipiter nisus)、灰林鸮(Strix aluco)和燕隼(Falco subbuteo)。物种相对丰度指数较高的兽类和鸟类分别为岩松鼠(Sciurotamias davidianus)(10.10)和红嘴蓝鹊(Urocissa erythroryncha)(5.49)。对拍摄率较高的前6种兽类的日活动节律进行分析,发现野猪(Sus scrofa)和蒙古兔(Lepus tolai)主要集中在晨昏和夜间活动,西伯利亚狍(Capreolus pygargus)和岩松鼠多在昼间活动,赤狐(Vulpes vulpes)和黄鼬(Mustela sibirica)则为全天性活动。土门—黄北坪乡样区和鹿头乡样区具有较高的物种数(24种和23种)和Shannon-Weiner指数(2.35和2.06)。该地区农业开发程度高、森林景观破碎化程度大、人类活动干扰重,应加强野生动物栖息地的保护与恢复。
Mammals and birds in southern section of eastern slope in Taihang Mountains, Hebei, were surveyed using the camera-trapping method during the winter 2017. A total of 78 trapping cameras were installed in the four systematic field sampling sites, with 4 753 camera-days and 1 903 effective photos being obtained.Seven mammal species belonging to 4 orders and 7 families and 27 bird species belonging to 9 orders and 14 families were identified, among which 4 species are State Key Protected Animals in Class-Ⅱ,namely Koklass pheasant(Pucrasia macrolopha),Eurasian sparrowhawk(Accipiter nisus), Himalayan owl(Strix aluco) and Eurasian hobby(Falco subbuteo).Based on the relative abundance index(RAI), Rock squirrels(Sciurotamias davidianus)(10.10) and Red-billed magpies(Urocissa erythroryncha)(5.49) were ranked as the top two most abundant species.Daily activity rhythm of the six common mammal species was recorded, with Wild boar(Sus scrofa)and Cape hare(Lepus tolai)being mainly active in the early morning and evening, Roe deer(Capreolus pygargus) and Rock squirrel being nocturnal animals, and Red fox(Vulpes vulpes) and Siberian weasel(Mustela sibirica)being active throughout the day.Tumen-Huangbeiping and Lutou had more species(24 and 23 species, respectively) and higher Shannon-Weiner index(2.35 and 2.06, respectively) than the other sites.The region has a high degree of agricultural development, a large degree of fragmentation of forest landscapes, and is heavily disturbed by human activities.The protection and restoration of wildlife habitats should be strengthened.
Mammals and birds in southern section of eastern slope in Taihang Mountains, Hebei, were surveyed using the camera-trapping method during the winter 2017. A total of 78 trapping cameras were installed in the four systematic field sampling sites, with 4 753 camera-days and 1 903 effective photos being obtained.Seven mammal species belonging to 4 orders and 7 families and 27 bird species belonging to 9 orders and 14 families were identified, among which 4 species are State Key Protected Animals in Class-Ⅱ,namely Koklass pheasant(Pucrasia macrolopha),Eurasian sparrowhawk(Accipiter nisus), Himalayan owl(Strix aluco) and Eurasian hobby(Falco subbuteo).Based on the relative abundance index(RAI), Rock squirrels(Sciurotamias davidianus)(10.10) and Red-billed magpies(Urocissa erythroryncha)(5.49) were ranked as the top two most abundant species.Daily activity rhythm of the six common mammal species was recorded, with Wild boar(Sus scrofa)and Cape hare(Lepus tolai)being mainly active in the early morning and evening, Roe deer(Capreolus pygargus) and Rock squirrel being nocturnal animals, and Red fox(Vulpes vulpes) and Siberian weasel(Mustela sibirica)being active throughout the day.Tumen-Huangbeiping and Lutou had more species(24 and 23 species, respectively) and higher Shannon-Weiner index(2.35 and 2.06, respectively) than the other sites.The region has a high degree of agricultural development, a large degree of fragmentation of forest landscapes, and is heavily disturbed by human activities.The protection and restoration of wildlife habitats should be strengthened.
引文
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Bai J R,Zhang A J.2016.Using infrared-triggered camera-trapping to survey species diversity of Xiaowutai Mountain.The Journal of Hebei Forestry Science and Technology,(5):48-50.(in Chinese)
Heilbrun R D,Silvy N J,Peterson M J,Tewes M E.2006.Estimating bobcat abundance using automatically triggered cameras.Wildlife Society Bulletin,34(1):69-73.
Jiang Z G,Ma Y,Wu Y,Wang Y X,Feng Z J,Zhou K Y,Liu S Y,Luo Z H,Li C W.2015.China’s mammalian diversity.Biodiversity Science,23(3):351-364.(in Chinese)
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Margalef R.1958.Information theory in ecology.General Systems,3:36-71.
Michalski F,Peres C A.2007.Disturbance-mediated mammal persistence and abundance-area relationships in Amazonian forest fragments.Conservation Biology,21(6):1626-1640.
O’Brien T G,Kinnaird M F,Wibisono H T.2003.Crouching tigers,hidden prey:Sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape.Animal Conservation,6(2):131-139.
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Wen L J,Shi K,Huang J,Song Y,Guo Y M.2014.Preliminary analysis of mammal and bird diversity monitored with camera traps in Medog,Tibet.Biodiversity Science,22(6):798-799.(in Chinese)
Wu P F,Liu X H,Cai Q,He X B,Songer M,Zhu Y,Shao X M.2012.The application of infrared camera in mammal research in Guanyinshan Nature Reserve,Shaanxi.Acta Theriologica Sinica,32(1):67-71.(in Chinese)
Xiao Z S,Li X H,Jiang G S.2014.Applications of camera trapping to wildlife surveys in China.Biodiversity Science,22(6):683-684.(in Chinese)
Xue M S,Jiang B K,Li W B,Liu X L,Hou W F,Wang P C,Wang S,Nie H X,Zheng H,Bao H Z,Wang S X,Huang X Q,Xiao Z S.2016.Wildlife survey of Taihangshan Macaques National Nature Reserve using camera-trapping in Jiyuan City,Henan Province,China.Acta Theriologica Sinica,36(3):313-321.(in Chinese)
Zhang L B,Cui S P,Huang Y J,Chen D Q,Qiao H J,Li C W,Jiang Z G.2014.Infrared camera traps in wildlife research and monitoring in China:issues and insights.Biodiversity Science,22(6):696-703.(in Chinese)
Zhang R Z.2011.Zoogeography of China.Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
Zhang Y S,Jiang J,Jiang W J,Wang D,Fan Y Q,Tang X M,Bao W D.2017.Activity patterns of mammals in Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve.Sichuan Journal of Zoology,36(4):460-467.(in Chinese)
Zheng G M.2011.A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China(2nd Edition).Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
Zhou W L,Pan T,Li B,Chen J Y,Song T,Peng Z J,Zhang G C,Pu F G,Zhang B W.2014.Camera trapping survey of mammals and birds in Tianma National Nature Reserve,China.Biodiversity Science,22(6):776-778.(in Chinese)
Zhu S Y,Duan F,Li S.2017.Promoting diversity inventory and monitoring of birds through the camera-trapping network in China:status,challenges and future outlook.Biodiversity Science,25(10):1114-1122.(in Chinese)
白锦荣,张爱军.2016.基于红外触发相机陷阱技术的小五台山物种多样性调查.河北林业科技,(5):48-50.
朱淑怡,段菲,李晟.2017.基于红外相机网络促进我国鸟类多样性监测:现状、问题与前景.生物多样性,25(10):1114-1122.
肖治术,李欣海,姜广顺.2014.红外相机技术在我国野生动物监测研究中的应用.生物多样性,22(6):683-684.
李俊生,马建章,宋延龄.2003.松鼠秋冬季节日活动节律的初步研究.动物学杂志,38(1):33-37.
张荣祖.2011.中国动物地理.北京:科学出版社.
张源笙,蒋健,蒋万杰,王丹,范雅倩,汤小明,鲍伟东.2017.北京松山国家级自然保护区兽类活动节律初步研究.四川动物,36(4):460-467.
张履冰,崔绍朋,黄元骏,陈代强,乔慧捷,李春旺,蒋志刚.2014.红外相机技术在我国野生动物监测中的应用:问题与限制.生物多样性,22(6):696-703.
周文良,潘涛,李斌,陈锦云,宋涛,彭昭杰,张国晨,蒲发光,张保卫.2014.利用红外相机对安徽天马国家级自然保护区鸟兽的初步调查.生物多样性,22(6):776-778.
郑光美.2011.中国鸟类分类与分布名录(第二版).北京:科学出版社.
武鹏峰,刘雪华,蔡琼,何祥博,Songer M,朱云,邵小明.2012.红外相机技术在陕西观音山自然保护区兽类监测研究中的应用.兽类学报,32(1):67-71.
茹文明,张桂萍,张金屯,张峰.2006.太行山南段森林群落物种多样性研究.西北植物学报,26(5):1036-1042.
温立嘉,时坤,黄建,宋阳,郭玉民.2014.西藏墨脱鸟兽红外相机监测初报.生物多样性,22(6):798-799.
蒋志刚,马勇,吴毅,王应祥,冯祚建,周开亚,刘少英,罗振华,李春旺.2015.中国哺乳动物多样性.生物多样性,23(3):351-364.
薛茂盛,姜丙坤,李伟波,刘晓良,侯卫锋,王朋程,王帅,聂怀鑫,郑贺,包慧枝,王淑娴,黄小群,肖治术.2016.运用红外相机对太行山猕猴国家级自然保护区(济源)兽类和鸟类多样性的调查.兽类学报,36(3):313-321.
Bai J R,Zhang A J.2016.Using infrared-triggered camera-trapping to survey species diversity of Xiaowutai Mountain.The Journal of Hebei Forestry Science and Technology,(5):48-50.(in Chinese)
Heilbrun R D,Silvy N J,Peterson M J,Tewes M E.2006.Estimating bobcat abundance using automatically triggered cameras.Wildlife Society Bulletin,34(1):69-73.
Jiang Z G,Ma Y,Wu Y,Wang Y X,Feng Z J,Zhou K Y,Liu S Y,Luo Z H,Li C W.2015.China’s mammalian diversity.Biodiversity Science,23(3):351-364.(in Chinese)
Kawanishi K,Sahak A M,Sunquist M.1999.Preliminary analysis on abundance of large mammals at Sungai Relau,Taman Negara.Journal of Wildlife and Parks,17:62-82.
Li J S,Ma J Z,Song Y L.2003.Preliminary study on the daily activity rhythms of red squirrels in autumn and winter.Chinese Journal of Zoology,38(1):33-37.(in Chinese)
Margalef R.1958.Information theory in ecology.General Systems,3:36-71.
Michalski F,Peres C A.2007.Disturbance-mediated mammal persistence and abundance-area relationships in Amazonian forest fragments.Conservation Biology,21(6):1626-1640.
O’Brien T G,Kinnaird M F,Wibisono H T.2003.Crouching tigers,hidden prey:Sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape.Animal Conservation,6(2):131-139.
O’Connell A F,Nichols J D,Karanth K U.2011.Camera traps in animal ecology:methods and analyses.Springer,New York.
Rovero F,Marshall A R.2009.Camera trapping photographic rate as an index of density in forest ungulates.Journal of Applied Ecology,46(5):1011-1017.
Ru W M,Zhang G P,Zhang J T,Zhang F.2006.Species diversity of forest communities in southern Taihang Mountains,Shanxi.Acta Bot Boreal-Occident.Sin,26(5):1036-1042.(in Chinese)
Wen L J,Shi K,Huang J,Song Y,Guo Y M.2014.Preliminary analysis of mammal and bird diversity monitored with camera traps in Medog,Tibet.Biodiversity Science,22(6):798-799.(in Chinese)
Wu P F,Liu X H,Cai Q,He X B,Songer M,Zhu Y,Shao X M.2012.The application of infrared camera in mammal research in Guanyinshan Nature Reserve,Shaanxi.Acta Theriologica Sinica,32(1):67-71.(in Chinese)
Xiao Z S,Li X H,Jiang G S.2014.Applications of camera trapping to wildlife surveys in China.Biodiversity Science,22(6):683-684.(in Chinese)
Xue M S,Jiang B K,Li W B,Liu X L,Hou W F,Wang P C,Wang S,Nie H X,Zheng H,Bao H Z,Wang S X,Huang X Q,Xiao Z S.2016.Wildlife survey of Taihangshan Macaques National Nature Reserve using camera-trapping in Jiyuan City,Henan Province,China.Acta Theriologica Sinica,36(3):313-321.(in Chinese)
Zhang L B,Cui S P,Huang Y J,Chen D Q,Qiao H J,Li C W,Jiang Z G.2014.Infrared camera traps in wildlife research and monitoring in China:issues and insights.Biodiversity Science,22(6):696-703.(in Chinese)
Zhang R Z.2011.Zoogeography of China.Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
Zhang Y S,Jiang J,Jiang W J,Wang D,Fan Y Q,Tang X M,Bao W D.2017.Activity patterns of mammals in Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve.Sichuan Journal of Zoology,36(4):460-467.(in Chinese)
Zheng G M.2011.A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China(2nd Edition).Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
Zhou W L,Pan T,Li B,Chen J Y,Song T,Peng Z J,Zhang G C,Pu F G,Zhang B W.2014.Camera trapping survey of mammals and birds in Tianma National Nature Reserve,China.Biodiversity Science,22(6):776-778.(in Chinese)
Zhu S Y,Duan F,Li S.2017.Promoting diversity inventory and monitoring of birds through the camera-trapping network in China:status,challenges and future outlook.Biodiversity Science,25(10):1114-1122.(in Chinese)
白锦荣,张爱军.2016.基于红外触发相机陷阱技术的小五台山物种多样性调查.河北林业科技,(5):48-50.
朱淑怡,段菲,李晟.2017.基于红外相机网络促进我国鸟类多样性监测:现状、问题与前景.生物多样性,25(10):1114-1122.
肖治术,李欣海,姜广顺.2014.红外相机技术在我国野生动物监测研究中的应用.生物多样性,22(6):683-684.
李俊生,马建章,宋延龄.2003.松鼠秋冬季节日活动节律的初步研究.动物学杂志,38(1):33-37.
张荣祖.2011.中国动物地理.北京:科学出版社.
张源笙,蒋健,蒋万杰,王丹,范雅倩,汤小明,鲍伟东.2017.北京松山国家级自然保护区兽类活动节律初步研究.四川动物,36(4):460-467.
张履冰,崔绍朋,黄元骏,陈代强,乔慧捷,李春旺,蒋志刚.2014.红外相机技术在我国野生动物监测中的应用:问题与限制.生物多样性,22(6):696-703.
周文良,潘涛,李斌,陈锦云,宋涛,彭昭杰,张国晨,蒲发光,张保卫.2014.利用红外相机对安徽天马国家级自然保护区鸟兽的初步调查.生物多样性,22(6):776-778.
郑光美.2011.中国鸟类分类与分布名录(第二版).北京:科学出版社.
武鹏峰,刘雪华,蔡琼,何祥博,Songer M,朱云,邵小明.2012.红外相机技术在陕西观音山自然保护区兽类监测研究中的应用.兽类学报,32(1):67-71.
茹文明,张桂萍,张金屯,张峰.2006.太行山南段森林群落物种多样性研究.西北植物学报,26(5):1036-1042.
温立嘉,时坤,黄建,宋阳,郭玉民.2014.西藏墨脱鸟兽红外相机监测初报.生物多样性,22(6):798-799.
蒋志刚,马勇,吴毅,王应祥,冯祚建,周开亚,刘少英,罗振华,李春旺.2015.中国哺乳动物多样性.生物多样性,23(3):351-364.
薛茂盛,姜丙坤,李伟波,刘晓良,侯卫锋,王朋程,王帅,聂怀鑫,郑贺,包慧枝,王淑娴,黄小群,肖治术.2016.运用红外相机对太行山猕猴国家级自然保护区(济源)兽类和鸟类多样性的调查.兽类学报,36(3):313-321.