农户休耕意愿与不同模式的补偿标准——以太行山北麓平原、黑龙港地区为例
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摘要
农户是耕地利用主体,研究其视角下的休耕意愿和不同模式的受偿标准,对政策推行有实际意义。以太行山北麓平原、黑龙港地区为例,调研走访农户分别得到81份和148份有效问卷,通过统计分析、机会成本法和受偿意愿法等,研究了农户休耕意愿和不同模式的补偿标准。结果表明:(1)超过50%受访农户休耕意愿依补偿而定,两区域调整种植结构模式的接受度均高于减少灌溉次数模式。考虑到粮食安全,黑龙港地区调整为种植春玉米,水资源补给性较好的太行山北麓平原实行减少灌溉次数方式;(2)不同模式下两区域农户受偿意愿值均高于机会成本值。建议种植春玉米时补偿标准为7 500元/hm~2,减灌时太行山北麓平原、黑龙港地区补偿标准分别为灌溉1次下2 504.7元/hm~2,2 126.4元/hm~2,灌溉2次下1 252.35元/hm~2,1 063.2元/hm~2。本研究从农户视角对休耕政策进行了反馈,提出不同模式下的补偿标准,为休耕政策的具体制定和实施提供借鉴。
Peasant households are the main bodies of the utilization of cultivated land, therefore, research on the willingness of fallow and the compensation standards of different models under the perspective of peasant households is of practical significance to the implementation of the policy. We took the northern foothills plain of Taihang Mountain and the Heilonggang District as examples, and 81 and 148 valid questionnaires were obtained in the tow areas, respectively, through an investigation of peasant households from the two areas. A research on the willingness of fallow and the compensation standards of different models under the perspective of peasant households was carried out by using statistical analysis, the opportunity cost method, and the compensated wish method. The results show that more than 50% of the respondents are willing to fallow according to the compensation, and the acceptance degree of planting spring maize in the two areas is higher than the pattern of reducing irrigation times. Considering the food security, the utilization of cultivated land could be adjusted to plant spring maize pattern in Heilonggang District, and the pattern of reducing irrigation times in the northern foothill plain of Taihang Mountain since there is better recharge of water resources. The value of the willingness of peasant households to accept the compensation in the two areas under different models is higher than the opportunity cost value. It is suggested that the compensation standard of planting spring maize is 7 500 yuan/hm~2, and the compensation standards of the northern foothills plain of Taihang Mountain and Heilonggang District should be 2 504.7 yuan/hm~2 and 2 126.4 yuan/hm~2 per irrigation time, 1 252.35 yuan/hm~2 and 1 062.2 yuan/hm~2 every two irrigation times. This study gives feedback to fallow policy from the perspective of peasant households and puts forward compensation standards under different models to provide reference for the formulation and implementation of fallow policy.
Peasant households are the main bodies of the utilization of cultivated land, therefore, research on the willingness of fallow and the compensation standards of different models under the perspective of peasant households is of practical significance to the implementation of the policy. We took the northern foothills plain of Taihang Mountain and the Heilonggang District as examples, and 81 and 148 valid questionnaires were obtained in the tow areas, respectively, through an investigation of peasant households from the two areas. A research on the willingness of fallow and the compensation standards of different models under the perspective of peasant households was carried out by using statistical analysis, the opportunity cost method, and the compensated wish method. The results show that more than 50% of the respondents are willing to fallow according to the compensation, and the acceptance degree of planting spring maize in the two areas is higher than the pattern of reducing irrigation times. Considering the food security, the utilization of cultivated land could be adjusted to plant spring maize pattern in Heilonggang District, and the pattern of reducing irrigation times in the northern foothill plain of Taihang Mountain since there is better recharge of water resources. The value of the willingness of peasant households to accept the compensation in the two areas under different models is higher than the opportunity cost value. It is suggested that the compensation standard of planting spring maize is 7 500 yuan/hm~2, and the compensation standards of the northern foothills plain of Taihang Mountain and Heilonggang District should be 2 504.7 yuan/hm~2 and 2 126.4 yuan/hm~2 per irrigation time, 1 252.35 yuan/hm~2 and 1 062.2 yuan/hm~2 every two irrigation times. This study gives feedback to fallow policy from the perspective of peasant households and puts forward compensation standards under different models to provide reference for the formulation and implementation of fallow policy.
引文
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[20] Zhang X,Chen S,Sun H,et al.Dry matter,harvest index,grain yield and water use efficiency as affected by water supply in winter wheat[J].Irrigation Science,2008,27(1):1-10.
[21] 刘晓敏,张喜英,王慧军.太行山前平原区小麦玉米农艺节水技术集成模式综合评价[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(2):421-428.
[22] 王海霞,李玉义,任天志,等.冬小麦生长季不同灌溉模式对冬小麦—夏玉米产量与水分利用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(7):1759-1764.
[23] 周丽丽,梁效贵,高震,等.基于CERES-Wheat模型的沧州地区冬小麦需水量分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(10):1320-1328.
[2] Kong X,Lal R,Li B,et al.Fertilizer intensification and its impacts in China′s HHH Plains[M]//Advances in Agronomy.Academic Press,2014,125:135-169.
[3] 柳荻,胡振通,靳乐山.华北地下水超采区农户对休耕政策的满意度及其影响因素分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(1):22-27.
[4] 张璇,郭轲,王立群.基于农户意愿的退耕还林后续补偿问题研究:以河北省张北县和易县为例[J].林业经济,2016,38(3):59-65.
[5] 俞振宁,谭永忠,吴次芳,等.基于兼业分化视角的农户耕地轮作休耕受偿意愿分析:以浙江省嘉善县为例[J].中国土地科学,2017,31(9):43-51.
[6] 谢花林,程玲娟.地下水漏斗区农户冬小麦休耕意愿的影响因素及其生态补偿标准研究:以河北衡水为例[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(12):2012-2022.
[7] 李国志.水源区农户受偿意愿及影响因素研究:基于瓯江流域中上游732个农户调查[J].农业经济与管理,2017(4):71-80.
[8] 李海燕,蔡银莺.基于帕累托改进的农田生态补偿农户受偿意愿:以湖北省武汉市、荆门市和黄冈市典型地区为例[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(4):245-250,256.
[9] 王学,李秀彬,谈明洪,等.华北平原2001—2011年冬小麦播种面积变化遥感监测[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(8):190-199.
[10] Kong X,Zhang X,Lal R,et al.Groundwater Depletion by agricultural intensification in China′s HHH plains,since 1980s[M]//Advances in Agronomy.Academic Press,2016,135:59-106.
[11] 尹民,杨志峰,崔保山.中国河流生态水文分区初探[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(4):423-428.
[12] 薛志士.节水农业宏观决策基础研究[M].北京:气象出版社,1998.
[13] 赵华甫,张凤荣,李佳,等.北京都市农业种植制度的发展方向:春玉米一熟制[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(2):469-474.
[14] 戴明宏,陶洪斌,Binder J,等.春、夏玉米物质生产及其对温光资源利用比较[R].第十届全国玉米栽培学术研讨会,2008.
[15] 郑洪建,董树亭,王空军,等.生态因素对玉米品种产量影响及调控的研究[J].作物学报,2001,27(6):117-123.
[16] 李绍长,白萍,吕新,等.不同生态区及播期对玉米籽粒灌浆的影响[J].作物学报,2003,29(5):775-778.
[17] 王学,李秀彬,辛良杰,等.华北地下水超采区冬小麦退耕的生态补偿问题探讨[J].地理学报,2016,71(5):829-839.
[18] 张喜英.中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站农田节水研究过去,现在和未来[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(5):987-996.
[19] Zhang X,Pei D,Chen S,et al.Performance of double-cropped winter wheat-summer maize under minimum irrigation in the north China plain[J].Agronomy Journal,2006,98(6):1620-1626.
[20] Zhang X,Chen S,Sun H,et al.Dry matter,harvest index,grain yield and water use efficiency as affected by water supply in winter wheat[J].Irrigation Science,2008,27(1):1-10.
[21] 刘晓敏,张喜英,王慧军.太行山前平原区小麦玉米农艺节水技术集成模式综合评价[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(2):421-428.
[22] 王海霞,李玉义,任天志,等.冬小麦生长季不同灌溉模式对冬小麦—夏玉米产量与水分利用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(7):1759-1764.
[23] 周丽丽,梁效贵,高震,等.基于CERES-Wheat模型的沧州地区冬小麦需水量分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(10):1320-1328.
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