马铃薯抗旱节水丰产高效技术研究与示范
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摘要
针对内蒙古中西部地区水资源严重匮乏、年降雨量少、在马铃薯生产中水资源利用率低的现状,开展了抗旱节水丰产高效技术研究。试验以耕翻35 cm、垄沟每隔5 m设一挡水堰、培土3次、培土厚度18 cm、喷施大西北微肥3次9kg/hm~2为旱作丰产高效技术集成处理条件,以耕翻20 cm、无挡水堰、培土2次、培土厚度12 cm、不喷施任何调节剂为对照条件。结果表明:集成试验产量32 278.05 kg/hm~2,比对照增产41.59%;集成试验纯收益13 281.90元/hm~2,集成试验比对照增效6 627.15元/hm~2,增效率为99.58%。在旱地马铃薯栽培上应用旱作高效集成技术,可以显著提高马铃薯产量,增加经济效益。
To address the current situation of severe shortage of water resources,low annual rainfall and low utilization rate of water resources in potato production in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia autonomous region,research on drought-resistance,water-saving and high-yield efficient technology were conducted.The conditions of integrated treatment were as follows.Ploughing depth was 35 cm;the gully was set to a water retaining raft per 5 m;the soil was ploughed 3 times;the thickness of the soil was 18 cm;and the micro-fertilizer was sprayed 3 times at 9 kg/hm2.The potato yield reached32 278.05 kg/hm2,which was increased by 41.59% compared with the control.The economic benefit was 13 281.90 yuan/hm2,which was increased by 99.58% compared with the control.The conditions of the control were as follows.Ploughing depth was20 cm;the gully was not set;the soil was ploughed 2 times;and the micro-fertilizer was not sprayed.The application of highefficiency integrated technology of dryland potato cultivation can significantly increase potato yield and economic benefit.
To address the current situation of severe shortage of water resources,low annual rainfall and low utilization rate of water resources in potato production in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia autonomous region,research on drought-resistance,water-saving and high-yield efficient technology were conducted.The conditions of integrated treatment were as follows.Ploughing depth was 35 cm;the gully was set to a water retaining raft per 5 m;the soil was ploughed 3 times;the thickness of the soil was 18 cm;and the micro-fertilizer was sprayed 3 times at 9 kg/hm2.The potato yield reached32 278.05 kg/hm2,which was increased by 41.59% compared with the control.The economic benefit was 13 281.90 yuan/hm2,which was increased by 99.58% compared with the control.The conditions of the control were as follows.Ploughing depth was20 cm;the gully was not set;the soil was ploughed 2 times;and the micro-fertilizer was not sprayed.The application of highefficiency integrated technology of dryland potato cultivation can significantly increase potato yield and economic benefit.
引文
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[10]孟丽丽,张婷婷,蒙美莲,等.耕翻深度对马铃薯生长及土壤水分的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(3):58-65.
[11]周平,王朝海,顾尚敬,等.不同培土次数对脱毒薯产量及植株性状的影响[J].中国马铃薯,2013,27(3):152-155.
[12]孙继英,汝甲荣,王腾,等.不同培土方式对马铃薯生长发育及产量的影响[J].安徽农学通报,2017,23(6):46-48.
[2]田宏先,王瑞霞,王春珍,等.马铃薯高产高效栽培技术研究[J].山西农业科学,2014,42(8):845-847.
[3]刘富强,李文刚,郭景山,等.马铃薯抗旱丰产栽培技术研究集成与应用[C]∥马铃薯产业与小康社会建设论文集.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2014:332-336.
[4]赵沛义,妥德宝,段玉,等.内蒙古后山旱作区马铃薯适宜播种密度和播期研究[J].华北农学报,2005,20(S1):10-14.
[5]田世龙,田甲春,葛霞.中国马铃薯贮藏技术现状与发展展望[C]∥马铃薯产业与现代可持续农业论文集.哈尔滨:哈尔滨地图出版社,2015:40-45.
[6]丁海兵,邓宽平,邓禄军,等.高寒山区钾肥施用量对早熟马铃薯生长性状的影响及效益分析[J].天津农业科学,2011,17(1):68-70.
[7]李彩霞.脱毒马铃薯种性退化对品种性状的影响[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(8):49-51.
[8]马力,马达,张峰.不同灌溉方式在马铃薯生产上的应用效果[J].中国马铃薯,2011,25(2):89-91.
[9]祝宗美.不同耕作深度对小麦生长发育、产量及水分生产效率的影响[J].山东农业科学,2012,44(7):48-49.
[10]孟丽丽,张婷婷,蒙美莲,等.耕翻深度对马铃薯生长及土壤水分的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(3):58-65.
[11]周平,王朝海,顾尚敬,等.不同培土次数对脱毒薯产量及植株性状的影响[J].中国马铃薯,2013,27(3):152-155.
[12]孙继英,汝甲荣,王腾,等.不同培土方式对马铃薯生长发育及产量的影响[J].安徽农学通报,2017,23(6):46-48.