四川常用杂交稻品种对低氮胁迫的响应差异及其筛选方法
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摘要
氮素是水稻生长发育过程中重要的营养元素,为明确杂交水稻对低氮胁迫的响应差异、促进耐低氮水稻品种的选育、构建符合生产需要的耐低氮水稻品种评价体系,以四川常用的26个杂交水稻品种为试验材料,采用田间试验的方法,通过比较低氮处理(LN,纯氮45 kg/hm~2)和正常氮处理(NN,纯氮150 kg/hm~2)下参试品种的产量构成、顶三叶SPAD动态和分蘖动态等数据,构建能够综合评价水稻耐低氮胁迫能力的评价方法.结果显示:(1)杂交水稻耐低氮产量评价指数(RIC_Y)和耐低氮分蘖动态评价指数(RIC_T)对低氮处理产量影响最大,其通径系数分别为0.374和0.378;耐低氮返青评价指数(RIC_R)和耐低氮转色评价指数(RIC_C)对低氮处理的产量影响相对较小,其通径系数分别为0.249和0.213.(2)低氮条件下,水稻顶3叶SPAD值与水稻产量间的相关系数在返青期、分蘖盛期显著高于其他生育时期.本研究表明耐低氮综合指数RIT_(CM)可以用来评价水稻对低氮胁迫的耐受能力,二级指标RIC_T、RIC_R和RIC_C能较好地反映水稻分蘖动态、移栽返青和转色落黄等对低氮胁迫的耐受能力,可为低氮条件下水稻生产提供必要理论依据.(表10参33)
Nitrogen is an important nutrient element in the process of rice growth and development. This study tries to clarify the differences in response of hybrid rice to low nitrogen stress. Aiming to meet the needs of rice production, it attempts to construct an evaluation system of low-nitrogen tolerance rice varieties and to provide theoretical support for rice breeding. Field experiments were conducted with 26 hybrid rice varieties, commonly used in Sichuan as experimental objects. The yield components, dynamic SPAD value of top three leaves, and dynamic tiller number were compared between low nitrogen treatment(LN, pure nitrogen 45 kg/hm2) and normal nitrogen treatment(NN, pure nitrogen 150 kg/hm2). The purpose of this study was to construct an evaluation method that can comprehensively evaluate the tolerance of rice to low nitrogen stress. The results showed that: 1) Yield evaluation index of tolerance to low nitrogen(RICY) and dynamic tiller number evaluation index of tolerance to low nitrogen(RICT) had the greatest effect on the yield of low nitrogen treatment. Their path coefficients were 0.374 and 0.378, respectively. Turning green evaluation index of tolerance to low nitrogen(RICR) and the color conversion evaluation index of tolerance to low nitrogen(RICC) had relatively little effect on the yield of low nitrogen treatment. Their path coefficients were 0.249 and 0.213, respectively. 2) Under the low nitrogen treatment, the correlation coefficient between the SPAD value of top three leaves and rice yield was significantly higher at turning green stage and top tillering stage than that at other growth stages. The results showed that the comprehensive index of tolerance to low nitrogen(RITCM) could be used to evaluate the tolerance of rice to low nitrogen stress. Also, the secondary indicators such as RICT, RICR, and RICC could well reflect the tolerance of rice to low nitrogen stress, expressed as dynamic tiller number, color of transplanting seedlings turning green, and turning the color yellow. It can provide the necessary theoretical basis for rice production under low nitrogen environment.
Nitrogen is an important nutrient element in the process of rice growth and development. This study tries to clarify the differences in response of hybrid rice to low nitrogen stress. Aiming to meet the needs of rice production, it attempts to construct an evaluation system of low-nitrogen tolerance rice varieties and to provide theoretical support for rice breeding. Field experiments were conducted with 26 hybrid rice varieties, commonly used in Sichuan as experimental objects. The yield components, dynamic SPAD value of top three leaves, and dynamic tiller number were compared between low nitrogen treatment(LN, pure nitrogen 45 kg/hm2) and normal nitrogen treatment(NN, pure nitrogen 150 kg/hm2). The purpose of this study was to construct an evaluation method that can comprehensively evaluate the tolerance of rice to low nitrogen stress. The results showed that: 1) Yield evaluation index of tolerance to low nitrogen(RICY) and dynamic tiller number evaluation index of tolerance to low nitrogen(RICT) had the greatest effect on the yield of low nitrogen treatment. Their path coefficients were 0.374 and 0.378, respectively. Turning green evaluation index of tolerance to low nitrogen(RICR) and the color conversion evaluation index of tolerance to low nitrogen(RICC) had relatively little effect on the yield of low nitrogen treatment. Their path coefficients were 0.249 and 0.213, respectively. 2) Under the low nitrogen treatment, the correlation coefficient between the SPAD value of top three leaves and rice yield was significantly higher at turning green stage and top tillering stage than that at other growth stages. The results showed that the comprehensive index of tolerance to low nitrogen(RITCM) could be used to evaluate the tolerance of rice to low nitrogen stress. Also, the secondary indicators such as RICT, RICR, and RICC could well reflect the tolerance of rice to low nitrogen stress, expressed as dynamic tiller number, color of transplanting seedlings turning green, and turning the color yellow. It can provide the necessary theoretical basis for rice production under low nitrogen environment.
引文
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21 De Datta SK,Broadbent FE.Development changes related to ni-trogenuse efficiency in rice[J].Field Crops Res,1993,34:47-56
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2何杰,李冰,王昌全,李玉浩,杨帮凤,张敬昇,向毫,尹斌,李鸿浩.不同施氮处理对水稻油菜轮作土壤氮素供应与作物产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(15):2957-2968[He J,Li B,Wang CQ,Li YH,Yang BF,Zhang JS,Xiang H,Ying B,Li HH.Effects of different nitrogen fertilization treatments on soil nitrogen supply and yield in ricerape rotation[J].Chin Agric Sci Bull,2017,50(15):2957-2968]
3羊彬.低氮条件下氮高效水稻株系产量形成和稻米品质等性状的基本特征[D].扬州:扬州大学,2015[Yang B.Basic characteristics of yield formation and rice quality of nitrogen-efficient rice lines under low nitrogen condition[D].Yangzou:Yangzhou University,2015]
4徐富贤,熊洪,谢戎,张林,朱永川,郭晓艺,杨大金,周兴兵,刘茂.水稻氮素利用效率的研究进展及其动向[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(5):1215-1225[Xu FX,Xiong H,Xie R,Zhang L,Zhu YC,Guo YX,Yang DJ,Zhou XB,Liu M.Advance of rice fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency[J].Plant Nutr Fertil Sci,2009,15(5):1215-1225]
5郑家奎,文春阳,张涛,杨莉,杨乾华,郑建敏,杨松涛,唐江云,田翠.耐低氮水稻材料筛选及筛选指标研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(16):7361-7363[Zhen JK,Wen CY,Zhang T,Yang L,Yang QH,Zheng JM,Yang ST,Tang JY,Tian C.Studies on the screening index for low nitrogen tolerant rice and its selection[J].J Anhui Agric Sci,2009,37(16):7361-7363]
6冯洋,陈海飞,胡孝明,周卫,徐芳森,蔡红梅.我国南方主推水稻品种氮效率筛选及评价[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1051-1062[Feng Y,Chen HF,Hu XM,Zhou W,Xu FS,Cai HM.Nitrogen efficiency screening of rice cultivars popularized in South China[J].Plant Nutr Fertil Sci,2014,20(5):1051-1062]
7严凯.施氮量和栽插密度对滨海盐碱地水稻产量形成和品质的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学,2018[Yan K.Effects of nitrogen application quantity and planting density on the yield formation and quality of rice in coastal saline-alkali lands[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2018]
8赵宏亮,李琬,王萍,王曼力,孙明明,李智媛.黑龙江省水稻耐低氮种质资源的筛选与评价[J].黑龙江农业科学,2018(3):1-5[Zhao HL,Li W,Wang P,Wang ML,Sun MM,Li ZY.Screening and evaluation of lownitrogen resistance germplasm in heilongjiang province[J].Heilongjiang Agric Sci,2018(3):1-5]
9王红妮,王学春,陶诗顺,李军.秸秆残茬对低温潜沼性稻田土壤还原性物质含量及稻谷产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(3):179-183[Wang HN,Wang XC,Tao SS,Li J.Effect of straw returning on soil reducing substance and rice grain yield in gleyed paddy field[J].Agric Res Arid Areas,2014,32(3):179-183]
10李昌明,周艳丽,龙光强,孙波.镉污染水稻土中水稻氮素营养的SPAD诊断[J].土壤,2017,49(5):941-950[Li CM,Zhou YL,Long GQ,Sun B.Diagnosis of nitrogen nutrition in rice plant by SPAD chlorophyll meter for paddy soils under Cd pollution[J].Soil,2017,49(5):941-950]
11陈晨,龚海青,张敬智,徐寓军,郜红建.不同基因型水稻苗期氮营养特性差异及综合评价[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(10):1347-1355[Chen C,Gong HQ,Zhang JZ,Xu YJ,Gao HJ.Evaluation of nitrogen nutrition characteristics of different rice cultivars at seedling stage[J].Chin J Eco-Agric,2016,24(10):1347-1355]
12柴煜.水稻氮高效种质的筛选及氮效率评价体系的建立[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2013[Chai Y.Screening for nitrogen efficient rice and establishment of evaluation system for nitrogen use efficiency[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2013]
13严明建,雷树凡,胡景涛,黄文章,吕直文,黄成志.水稻氮高效种质资源的筛选[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(3):952-956[Yan JM,Lei SF,Hu JT,Huang WZ,Lv ZP,Huang ZC.Screening of rice germplasm resources with high utilization ratio of nitrogen fertilizer[J].Southwest Chin JAgric Sci,2015,28(3):952-956]
14 Park H,Mok SK,Seok SJ.Efficiency of soil and fertilizernitrogen in relation to rice variety and application time,using labeled fertilizer.V.15N point application in fields[J].J Korean Agric Chem,1982,25:30-34
15 Koutroubasa SD,Ntanos DA.Genotypic differences for grainyield and nitrogen utilization in indica and japonica rice under Mediterranean conditions[J].Field Crops Res,2003,83(3):251-260
16钟代斌,陆雅海,郭龙彪,罗利军,王一平,梅捍卫,余新桥,应存山.氮高效水稻种质资源筛选的初步研究[J].植物遗传资源科学,2001,2(4):16-20[Zhong DB,Lu YH,Guo LB,Luo LJ,Wang YP,Mei HW,Yu XQ,Ying CS.Screening for rice genotypes tolerant to low nitrogen[J].JPlant Gentic Res,2001,2(4):16-20]
17刘科,陆键,高梦涛,卢碧林,魏中伟,马国辉,田小海,张运波.施氮量对杂交水稻叶片光谱特征、SPAD值和光能拦截率关系的影响.核农学报,2018,32(2):362-369[Liu K,Lu J,Gao MT,Lu BL,Wei ZW,Ma GH,Tian XH,Zhang YB,Hu B.Effects of different nitrogen treatments on the relationship between flag leaves spectral characteristic and SPADand IPAR in hybrid rice varieties[J].J Nucl Agric Sci,2018,32(2):362-369]
18 Fen FL,Le FQ,Jing SD,Yuan YS,Li SC,Ke W.Investigation of SPADmeter-based indices for estimating rice nitrogen status[J].Comput Electron Agric,2010,71:60-65
19李云,连垚,温盛琼,程建峰.稻种资源苗期氮素营养效率的相关性状与筛选指标[J].杂交水稻,2015,30(6):53-58[Li Y,Lian Y,Wen SQ,Cheng JF.Characteristics and screening indexes of nitrogen nutrition efficiency at seedling stage of rice seed resources[J].Hybrid Rice,2015,30(6):53-58]
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