中国典型水产品产地居民发汞含量及其影响因素
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摘要
为评价中国典型水产品产地居民汞暴露的风险,分别在武汉、青岛和厦门三地系统采集139、136和159份当地居民头发样品,测定总汞含量并分析主要影响因素。结果表明:武汉、青岛和厦门居民(n=434)发汞(THg)的中位数(四分位数)为0.435 (0.262,0.820)μg·g~(-1),武汉、青岛和厦门居民头发THg的中位数(四分位数)分别为0.392(0.253,0.611)μg·g~(-1)、0.305(0.204,0.478)μg·g~(-1)和0.814(0.445,1.350)μg·g~(-1);三地分别有10位(7.2%)、8位(5.9%)和64位(40.3%)居民发汞超过美国环保署(USEPA)限值1μg·g~(-1);厦门居民的发汞含量显著高于武汉和青岛(P<0.001),居民的发汞含量与食鱼频率呈显著的正相关关系(P<0.001);不同年龄段居民的发汞含量存在显著差异(P<0.001),且在65岁后居民发汞逐渐降低;与以小麦为主食者相比,以大米为主食者其发汞含量增加的比数比(OR)(95%CI)值为6.47(4.07～10.29);厦门地区居民存在一定的汞暴露风险,而武汉和青岛地区居民的汞暴露风险较低。
To evaluate health risks of mercury(Hg) exposure for residents in typical aquatic production areas in China,a total of 139,136,and 159 human hair samples were collected from Wuhan,Qingdao,and Xiamen,respectively.Total mercury concentrations(THg) in hair samples were measured and the influencing factors were analyzed.The median(P25,P75) of hair THg concentrations in the whole population(n=434) was 0.435(0.262,0.820) μg·g~(-1).The medians(P25,P75) of hair THg concentrations in Wuhan,Qingdao,and Xiamen were 0.392(0.253,0.611) μg·g~(-1),0.305(0.204,0.478) μg·g~(-1),and 0.814(0.445,1.350) μg·g~(-1),respectively.7.2%,5.9%,and 40.3% of population from the three areas with hair THg concentrations exceeded reference value(1 μg·g~(-1)) set by U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,respectively.The highest mean value of hair THg was obtained in Xiamen.There were significant differences of hair THg concentrations between Xiamen and Wuhan,and between Xiamen and Qingdao(P<0.001).There was a significant correlation between hair THg and frequency of fish consumption(P<0.001).Hair THg varied among different age groups,with the highest value in the age group of 36-65 years.The averaged odds ratio(OR)(95% CI) value of increasing hair THg in population with rice consumption was 6.47(4.07-10.29) compared with the population without rice consumption.In conclusion,population in Xiamen is at high risk of Hg exposure,while the population in Wuhan and Qingdao are at low risk of Hg exposure.
To evaluate health risks of mercury(Hg) exposure for residents in typical aquatic production areas in China,a total of 139,136,and 159 human hair samples were collected from Wuhan,Qingdao,and Xiamen,respectively.Total mercury concentrations(THg) in hair samples were measured and the influencing factors were analyzed.The median(P25,P75) of hair THg concentrations in the whole population(n=434) was 0.435(0.262,0.820) μg·g~(-1).The medians(P25,P75) of hair THg concentrations in Wuhan,Qingdao,and Xiamen were 0.392(0.253,0.611) μg·g~(-1),0.305(0.204,0.478) μg·g~(-1),and 0.814(0.445,1.350) μg·g~(-1),respectively.7.2%,5.9%,and 40.3% of population from the three areas with hair THg concentrations exceeded reference value(1 μg·g~(-1)) set by U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,respectively.The highest mean value of hair THg was obtained in Xiamen.There were significant differences of hair THg concentrations between Xiamen and Wuhan,and between Xiamen and Qingdao(P<0.001).There was a significant correlation between hair THg and frequency of fish consumption(P<0.001).Hair THg varied among different age groups,with the highest value in the age group of 36-65 years.The averaged odds ratio(OR)(95% CI) value of increasing hair THg in population with rice consumption was 6.47(4.07-10.29) compared with the population without rice consumption.In conclusion,population in Xiamen is at high risk of Hg exposure,while the population in Wuhan and Qingdao are at low risk of Hg exposure.
引文
程楠,谢青,樊宇飞,等.2018.三峡库区涪陵和忠县两地居民发汞含量水平及影响因素分析.环境科学,39(7):3426-3433.
冯新斌,仇广乐,付学吾,等.2009.环境汞污染.化学进展,21(Z1):436-457.
洪华荣,骆和东,荣飚,等.2014.厦门市城区居民营养与健康状况调查.营养学报,36(5):435-440.
洪俊成.2018.东南沿海地区燃煤电厂周边汞的富集特征及健康风险评价(硕士学位论文).杭州:浙江大学.
刘碧君,吴丰昌,邓秋静,等.2009.锡矿山矿区和贵阳市人发中锑、砷和汞的污染特征.环境科学,30(3):907-912.
刘迎春,郑徽,康家琦,等.2011.慢性汞暴露对人群肾脏功能的影响.环境与健康杂志,28(3):242-244.
牛小丽.2012.膳食来源的人群汞暴露水平的定量分析及评价(硕士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学.
钮志远,王元,刘桂建.2016.安徽省典型地区人群头发汞含量及其影响因素分析.环境化学,35(3):533-539.
农业部渔业局.2016.中国渔业统计年鉴.北京:中国农业出版社.
逄增昌,陈晓荣,汪韶洁,等.2006.青岛市居民膳食结构和营养状况调查.中国公共卫生,22(1):91-92.
乔胜英,蒋敬业,向武,等.2007.武汉市湖泊中重金属污染状况.水资源保护,23(1):45-48.
宋毅,刘爽,李骏,等.2011.湖北省成人膳食结构与营养状况分析.公共卫生与预防医学,22(3):16-19.
田文娟.2011.珠江三角洲地区总汞和甲基汞人体暴露水平与风险评价(硕士学位论文).广州:暨南大学.
童银栋,王慧,张巍,等.2016.校园学生群体食物汞暴露现状及风险评价-以天津大学为例.中国环境科学,36(2):589-595.
涂瑞,陈敏,丁丽,等.2018.万山汞矿区居民体内汞硒的含量、分布及相互关系.生态学杂志,37(5):1550-1555.
王翠萍,闫海鱼,刘鸿雁,等.2010.使用Lumex测汞仪快速测定固体样品中总汞的方法.地球与环境,38(3):378-382.
袁晓博,冯新斌,仇广乐,等.2011.中国大米汞含量研究.地球与环境,39(3):318-323.
张磊,王起超.2008.第二松花江下游居民甲基汞健康风险研究.环境与健康杂志,25(8):691-692.
张磊.2009.青岛市鱼产品汞污染初步研究.中国农学通报,25(3):293-296.
赵宇航,陈敏,涂瑞,等.2017.舟山地区海产品汞含量及居民汞暴露风险.生态学杂志,36(5):1419-1425.
中国国家统计局.2017.中国统计年鉴.北京:中国统计出版社.
Bjrklund G,Dadar M,Mutter J,et al.2017.The toxicology of mercury:Current research and emerging trends.Environmental Research,159:545-554.
Chien LC,Gao CS,Lin HH.2010.Hair mercury concentration and fish consumption:Risk and perceptions of risk among women of childbearing age.Environmental Research,110:123-129.
Du BY,Feng XB,Li P,et al.2018.Use of mercury isotopes to quantify mercury exposure sources in inland populations,China.Environmental Science&Technology,52:5407-5416.
Eunhee H,Basu N,Stephan BO.2017.Current progress on understanding the impact of mercury on human health.Environmental Research,152:419-433.
Feng XB,Li P,Qiu GL,et al.2008.Human exposure to methylmercury through rice intake in mercury mining areas,Guizhou Province,China.Environmental Science&Technology,42:326-332.
Hajeb P,Selamat J,Ismail A,et al.2008.Hair mercury level of coastal communities in Malaysia:A linkage with fish consumption.European Food Research and Technology,227:1349-1355.
Hsiao HW,Ullrich SM,Tanton TW.2011.Burdens of mercury in residents of Temirtau,Kazakhstan.I:Hair mercury concentrations and factors of elevated hair mercury levels.Science of the Total Environment,409:2272-2280.
JECFA(Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives).2003.Summary and conclusions of the sixty-first meeting of the joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives.Rome,Italy:Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.
Kessler R.2013.The Minamata convention on mercury:A first step toward protecting future generations.Environmental Health Perspectives,121:A304.
Lehnherr I.2014.Methylmercury biogeochemistry:A review with special reference to Arctic aquatic ecosystems.Environmental Reviews,22:229-243.
Li P,Feng XB,Liang P,et al.2013.Mercury in the seafood and human exposure in coastal area of Guangdong Province,South China.Environmental Toxicology&Chemistry,32:541-547.
Li P,Feng XB,Yuan XB,et al.2012.Rice consumption contributes to low level methylmercury exposure in southern China.Environment International,49:18-23.
Li P,Feng XB,Qiu GL,et al.2011.Hair can be a good biomarker of occupational exposure to mercury vapor:Simulated experiments and field data analysis.Science of the Total Environment,409:4484-4488.
Liang P,Feng XB,Zhang C,et al.2015.Human exposure to mercury in a compact fluorescent lamp manufacturing area:By food(rice and fish)consumption and occupational exposure.Environmental Pollution,198:126-132.
Lindqvist O,Johansson K,Aastrup M,et al.1991.Mercury in the Swedish environment:Recent research on causes,consequences and corrective methods.Water,Air and Soil Pollution,55:1-261.
Liu JL,Xu XR,Yu S,et al.2014.Mercury contamination in fish and human hair from Hainan Island,South China Sea:Implication for human exposure.Environmental Research,135:42-47.
Liu XJ,Cheng JP,Song YL,et al.2008.Mercury concentration in hair samples from Chinese people in coastal cities.Journal of Environmental Sciences,20:1258-1262.
Marcinek-Jacel M,Albińska J,Pawlaczyk A,et al.2017.The impactof demographic factors,behaviors and environmental exposure to mercury content in the hair of the population living in the region of Lodz(central Poland).Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology,55:196-201.
Mergler D,Anderson HA,Chan LHM,et al.2007.Methylmercury exposure and health effects in humans:A worldwide concern.Ambio,36:3-11.
Ni WQ,Chen YW,Huang Y,et al.2014.Hair mercury concentrations and associated factors in an electronic waste recycling area,Guiyu,China.Environmental Research,128:84-91.
Onsanit S,Chen M,Ke C,et al.2011.Mercury and stable isotope signatures in caged marine fish and fish feeds.Journal of Hazardous Materials,203-204:13-21.
Shao DD,Kang Y,Cheng Z,et al.2013.Hair mercury levels and food consumption in residents from the Pearl River Delta:South China.Food Chemistry,136:682-688.
Smylie MS,McDonough CJ,Reed LA,et al.2016.Mercury bioaccumulation in an estuarine predator:Biotic factors,abiotic factors,and assessments of fish health.Environmental Pollution,214:169-174.
Tang W,Cheng JP,Zhao WC,et al.2015.Mercury levels and estimated total daily intakes for children and adults from an electronic waste recycling area in Taizhou,China:Key role of rice and fish consumption.Journal of Environmental Sciences,34:107-118.
Tremain DM,Adams DH.2012.Mercury in groupers and sea basses from the Gulf of Mexico:Relationships with size,age,and feeding ecology.Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,141:1274-1286.
USEPA.1997.Health Effects of Mercury and Mercury Compounds.Mercury Study Report to the Congress.Vol.V.Washington,DC,USA:USEPA.
冯新斌,仇广乐,付学吾,等.2009.环境汞污染.化学进展,21(Z1):436-457.
洪华荣,骆和东,荣飚,等.2014.厦门市城区居民营养与健康状况调查.营养学报,36(5):435-440.
洪俊成.2018.东南沿海地区燃煤电厂周边汞的富集特征及健康风险评价(硕士学位论文).杭州:浙江大学.
刘碧君,吴丰昌,邓秋静,等.2009.锡矿山矿区和贵阳市人发中锑、砷和汞的污染特征.环境科学,30(3):907-912.
刘迎春,郑徽,康家琦,等.2011.慢性汞暴露对人群肾脏功能的影响.环境与健康杂志,28(3):242-244.
牛小丽.2012.膳食来源的人群汞暴露水平的定量分析及评价(硕士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学.
钮志远,王元,刘桂建.2016.安徽省典型地区人群头发汞含量及其影响因素分析.环境化学,35(3):533-539.
农业部渔业局.2016.中国渔业统计年鉴.北京:中国农业出版社.
逄增昌,陈晓荣,汪韶洁,等.2006.青岛市居民膳食结构和营养状况调查.中国公共卫生,22(1):91-92.
乔胜英,蒋敬业,向武,等.2007.武汉市湖泊中重金属污染状况.水资源保护,23(1):45-48.
宋毅,刘爽,李骏,等.2011.湖北省成人膳食结构与营养状况分析.公共卫生与预防医学,22(3):16-19.
田文娟.2011.珠江三角洲地区总汞和甲基汞人体暴露水平与风险评价(硕士学位论文).广州:暨南大学.
童银栋,王慧,张巍,等.2016.校园学生群体食物汞暴露现状及风险评价-以天津大学为例.中国环境科学,36(2):589-595.
涂瑞,陈敏,丁丽,等.2018.万山汞矿区居民体内汞硒的含量、分布及相互关系.生态学杂志,37(5):1550-1555.
王翠萍,闫海鱼,刘鸿雁,等.2010.使用Lumex测汞仪快速测定固体样品中总汞的方法.地球与环境,38(3):378-382.
袁晓博,冯新斌,仇广乐,等.2011.中国大米汞含量研究.地球与环境,39(3):318-323.
张磊,王起超.2008.第二松花江下游居民甲基汞健康风险研究.环境与健康杂志,25(8):691-692.
张磊.2009.青岛市鱼产品汞污染初步研究.中国农学通报,25(3):293-296.
赵宇航,陈敏,涂瑞,等.2017.舟山地区海产品汞含量及居民汞暴露风险.生态学杂志,36(5):1419-1425.
中国国家统计局.2017.中国统计年鉴.北京:中国统计出版社.
Bjrklund G,Dadar M,Mutter J,et al.2017.The toxicology of mercury:Current research and emerging trends.Environmental Research,159:545-554.
Chien LC,Gao CS,Lin HH.2010.Hair mercury concentration and fish consumption:Risk and perceptions of risk among women of childbearing age.Environmental Research,110:123-129.
Du BY,Feng XB,Li P,et al.2018.Use of mercury isotopes to quantify mercury exposure sources in inland populations,China.Environmental Science&Technology,52:5407-5416.
Eunhee H,Basu N,Stephan BO.2017.Current progress on understanding the impact of mercury on human health.Environmental Research,152:419-433.
Feng XB,Li P,Qiu GL,et al.2008.Human exposure to methylmercury through rice intake in mercury mining areas,Guizhou Province,China.Environmental Science&Technology,42:326-332.
Hajeb P,Selamat J,Ismail A,et al.2008.Hair mercury level of coastal communities in Malaysia:A linkage with fish consumption.European Food Research and Technology,227:1349-1355.
Hsiao HW,Ullrich SM,Tanton TW.2011.Burdens of mercury in residents of Temirtau,Kazakhstan.I:Hair mercury concentrations and factors of elevated hair mercury levels.Science of the Total Environment,409:2272-2280.
JECFA(Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives).2003.Summary and conclusions of the sixty-first meeting of the joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives.Rome,Italy:Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.
Kessler R.2013.The Minamata convention on mercury:A first step toward protecting future generations.Environmental Health Perspectives,121:A304.
Lehnherr I.2014.Methylmercury biogeochemistry:A review with special reference to Arctic aquatic ecosystems.Environmental Reviews,22:229-243.
Li P,Feng XB,Liang P,et al.2013.Mercury in the seafood and human exposure in coastal area of Guangdong Province,South China.Environmental Toxicology&Chemistry,32:541-547.
Li P,Feng XB,Yuan XB,et al.2012.Rice consumption contributes to low level methylmercury exposure in southern China.Environment International,49:18-23.
Li P,Feng XB,Qiu GL,et al.2011.Hair can be a good biomarker of occupational exposure to mercury vapor:Simulated experiments and field data analysis.Science of the Total Environment,409:4484-4488.
Liang P,Feng XB,Zhang C,et al.2015.Human exposure to mercury in a compact fluorescent lamp manufacturing area:By food(rice and fish)consumption and occupational exposure.Environmental Pollution,198:126-132.
Lindqvist O,Johansson K,Aastrup M,et al.1991.Mercury in the Swedish environment:Recent research on causes,consequences and corrective methods.Water,Air and Soil Pollution,55:1-261.
Liu JL,Xu XR,Yu S,et al.2014.Mercury contamination in fish and human hair from Hainan Island,South China Sea:Implication for human exposure.Environmental Research,135:42-47.
Liu XJ,Cheng JP,Song YL,et al.2008.Mercury concentration in hair samples from Chinese people in coastal cities.Journal of Environmental Sciences,20:1258-1262.
Marcinek-Jacel M,Albińska J,Pawlaczyk A,et al.2017.The impactof demographic factors,behaviors and environmental exposure to mercury content in the hair of the population living in the region of Lodz(central Poland).Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology,55:196-201.
Mergler D,Anderson HA,Chan LHM,et al.2007.Methylmercury exposure and health effects in humans:A worldwide concern.Ambio,36:3-11.
Ni WQ,Chen YW,Huang Y,et al.2014.Hair mercury concentrations and associated factors in an electronic waste recycling area,Guiyu,China.Environmental Research,128:84-91.
Onsanit S,Chen M,Ke C,et al.2011.Mercury and stable isotope signatures in caged marine fish and fish feeds.Journal of Hazardous Materials,203-204:13-21.
Shao DD,Kang Y,Cheng Z,et al.2013.Hair mercury levels and food consumption in residents from the Pearl River Delta:South China.Food Chemistry,136:682-688.
Smylie MS,McDonough CJ,Reed LA,et al.2016.Mercury bioaccumulation in an estuarine predator:Biotic factors,abiotic factors,and assessments of fish health.Environmental Pollution,214:169-174.
Tang W,Cheng JP,Zhao WC,et al.2015.Mercury levels and estimated total daily intakes for children and adults from an electronic waste recycling area in Taizhou,China:Key role of rice and fish consumption.Journal of Environmental Sciences,34:107-118.
Tremain DM,Adams DH.2012.Mercury in groupers and sea basses from the Gulf of Mexico:Relationships with size,age,and feeding ecology.Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,141:1274-1286.
USEPA.1997.Health Effects of Mercury and Mercury Compounds.Mercury Study Report to the Congress.Vol.V.Washington,DC,USA:USEPA.