水汽场中气液态水质量比的确定方法
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摘要
包气带中裂隙岩体含水量无法用仪器或者实验的方法获取,也无法用理论方法计算,而这部分水对生态复绿和文物保护等的影响不容忽视。为了解决这一问题,确定岩体内气液态水的质量比(α)是关键。在岩体、气态水和液态水组成的开放系统中,当系统内相对湿度达到100%,系统达到局域平衡态。根据热动力学平衡理论,此时系统内气液态水的密度和质量都相等,即液态水和气态水的质量之比为一常数。因此,为了求取α值,文章设计了室内试验,通过对有效试验数据的分析,获取计算α经验公式。试验研究表明:质量比α跟温度t呈指数函数关系;当气态水达到饱和时,液态水的质量远大于气态水的质量。此研究不仅为定量评价包气带中岩体内水汽含量提供一种计算方法,同时对探讨包气带中岩体内气液态水转化规律具有十分重要的参考价值。
Moisture content of the fractured rock mass in the unsaturated zone cannot be measured or calculated up till now,but liquid water in it is very important for ecological regreening and preservation of cultural relics(frescoes).Determination of the ratio of liquid water mass to gaseous water mass(α) is the key to solve this problem.In the open system,which consists of rock mass,gaseous water and liquid water,two-phase water moves and transforms each other continuously,it is in a non-equilibrium state.When the humidity of the system reaches 100%,it is in a local equilibrium state.According to thermodynamic balance principle,density and mass of liquid water and gaseous water are the same in this system,so the ratio of mass of liquid water to gaseous water α is constant.In this paper,the main aim is to find a way to get the value of α.Experiment is designed to record large numbers of data,and to get an empirical formula to get the value of α.The results show that the relationship between α and temperature can be expressed as an exponential function,and the mass of liquid water is much greater than the mass of gaseous water when gaseous water is saturated.The results are very useful to quantify moisture content of rock mass,and helpful in discussion of the transformation law of gaseous water into liquid water each other.
Moisture content of the fractured rock mass in the unsaturated zone cannot be measured or calculated up till now,but liquid water in it is very important for ecological regreening and preservation of cultural relics(frescoes).Determination of the ratio of liquid water mass to gaseous water mass(α) is the key to solve this problem.In the open system,which consists of rock mass,gaseous water and liquid water,two-phase water moves and transforms each other continuously,it is in a non-equilibrium state.When the humidity of the system reaches 100%,it is in a local equilibrium state.According to thermodynamic balance principle,density and mass of liquid water and gaseous water are the same in this system,so the ratio of mass of liquid water to gaseous water α is constant.In this paper,the main aim is to find a way to get the value of α.Experiment is designed to record large numbers of data,and to get an empirical formula to get the value of α.The results show that the relationship between α and temperature can be expressed as an exponential function,and the mass of liquid water is much greater than the mass of gaseous water when gaseous water is saturated.The results are very useful to quantify moisture content of rock mass,and helpful in discussion of the transformation law of gaseous water into liquid water each other.
引文
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[2]柴利杰.云冈石窟水分来源控制因素[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2011.[CHAI L J.Controls of water movement and transform in Yungang Grottoes[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(beijing),2011.(in Chinese)]
[3]万力,曹文炳,王旭升,等.云冈石窟水汽转化特征的初步研究[J].工程勘察,2012,40(2):6-11.[WAN L,CAO W B,WANG X D,et al.Preliminary investigation on water-vapor transfer in Yungang Grottoes[J].Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2012,40(11):6-11(in Chinese)]
[4]林波,王旭东,郭青林,等.敦煌莫高窟第108窟西壁岩体内温湿度变化规律研究[J].敦煌研究,2013(1):86-91.[LIN B,WANG X D,GUO Q L,et al.A study on the variation laws of temperature and relative humidity in the rock of the west wall in Mogao Cave 108[J].Dunhuan Research,2013(1):86-91.(in Chinese)]
[5]杨善龙,王旭东,郭青林,等.敦煌莫高窟崖体中水分分布初步分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2009,36(6):94-97.[YANG S L,WANG X D,GUO Q L,et al.Preliminary analysis of moisture distribution in cliff rocks of the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2009,36(6):94-97.(in Chinese)]
[6]黄继忠,万力,彭涛,等.云冈石窟水分来源探查工程及若干成果[J].工程勘察,2012,40(2):1-5.[HUANG J Z,WAN L,PENG T,et al.Survey on water sources in Yungang Grottoes and some results[J].Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2012,40(2):1-5.(in Chinese)]
[7]LEFEBVRE,LAMONTAGNE,WELS.ARDproduction and water vapor transport at the Questa mine[J].International Conference on Tailings and Mine Waste,2002(6):27-30.
[8]BONNIE S D,S LEE B,ZHOU J.Prediction of water vapor movement through waste rock[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2004(11):293-303
[9]李华翔,宁立波,黄景春,等.裂隙岩体水汽场内温湿度分布及汽液转化规律研究---以河南省宜阳锦屏山为例[J].水文地质工程地质,2017,44(6):9-14.[LI H X,NING L B,HUANG J C,et al.Astudy of the distribution of temperature-humidity and vapor-liquid transformation in the water vapor field of fractured rock mass:a case study in the Jinping Mountain of Yiyang county in Henan[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2017,44(6):9-14.(in Chinese)]
[10]朱晛亭,黄景春,宁立波,等,裂隙岩体内凝结水时空分布规律---以宜阳锦屏山为例[J].水文地质工程地质,2018,45(4):1-6.[ZHU X T,HUANGJ C,NING L B,et al.Temporal and spatial distribution of condensate water in fractured rock mass:a case study in the Jinping Mountain of Yiyang County[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2018,45(4):1-6.(in Chinese)]
[11]严家騄,王永春.工程热力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005.[YAN J L,WANG Y C.Engineering thermodynamics[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2005.(in Chinese)]
[12]严家騄,余晓福,王永青,等.水和水蒸气热力学性质图表[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.[YAN JL,YU X F,WANG Y Q,et al.Diagrams of thermal properties of water and water vapor[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2004.(in Chinese)]