三峡库区河流生境质量评价
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摘要
三峡水库建成蓄水后,库区流水生境的大幅度减少及垂直落差最高可达30 m的消落带的形成,使库区支流生境发生了剧烈变化,因此对库区河流生境质量评价十分必要。基于水文情势、河流形态和河岸带生境3个方面18个指标的河流生境评价指标体系,对三峡库区36条重要支流254个样点河段进行河流生境质量评价。结果表明,4.72%的样点河流生境质量处于优等,30.31%为良好等级,49.61%为一般等级,15.35%为较差等级,没有最差等级的样点。对于表征河流生境状况的水文情势、河流形态和河岸带生境3个类别,254个河段总体上河岸带生境状况最好,其次为水文情势,河流形态最差。从总体上来看,三峡库区支流生境质量是自然环境和人类活动相互作用的结果,其中河岸带植被状况、消落带宽度、人为干扰、河床底质状况、水文情势自然性等为主要的驱动因子。
After the completion of the Three Gorges Reservoir,tributaries of the reservoir habitat changed dramatically because of the greatly reduced flow of water and formation of a 30 m deep water-level fluctuation zone,so it is very necessary to evaluate reservoir river habitat quality. Based on the river habitat assessment index system,including 18 indicators that relate to river hydrology,river morphology,and riparian habitat,we evaluated the quality of the river habitat at 254 sampling points in the 36 important tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The quality of the habitat scored within the range of "excellent"at 4.72 percent of the sampling sites and 30.31 percent received a score within the range of"very good."On the other hand,49.61 percent received a score within the range of"average",while the remaining 15.35 percent received a score of "poor". There was no site within this catchment that received a score of "very poor". For the river habitat conditions,the riparian zone was the best out of the whole 254 sites,followed by the hydrological regime,and the river morphology was the worst. Overall,the habitat quality of tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir is due to the interaction between the natural environment and human interaction,and the riparian vegetation condition,riparian zone width,human disturbance,riverbed sediment conditions,and hydrological nature are the main driving factors.
After the completion of the Three Gorges Reservoir,tributaries of the reservoir habitat changed dramatically because of the greatly reduced flow of water and formation of a 30 m deep water-level fluctuation zone,so it is very necessary to evaluate reservoir river habitat quality. Based on the river habitat assessment index system,including 18 indicators that relate to river hydrology,river morphology,and riparian habitat,we evaluated the quality of the river habitat at 254 sampling points in the 36 important tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The quality of the habitat scored within the range of "excellent"at 4.72 percent of the sampling sites and 30.31 percent received a score within the range of"very good."On the other hand,49.61 percent received a score within the range of"average",while the remaining 15.35 percent received a score of "poor". There was no site within this catchment that received a score of "very poor". For the river habitat conditions,the riparian zone was the best out of the whole 254 sites,followed by the hydrological regime,and the river morphology was the worst. Overall,the habitat quality of tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir is due to the interaction between the natural environment and human interaction,and the riparian vegetation condition,riparian zone width,human disturbance,riverbed sediment conditions,and hydrological nature are the main driving factors.
引文
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[17]邓晓军,许有鹏,翟禄新,刘娅,李艺.城市河流健康评价指标体系构建及其应用.生态学报,2014,34(4):993-1001.
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[19]刘华,蔡颖,於梦秋,龚蕾婷,安树青.太湖流域宜兴片河流生境质量评价.生态学杂志,2012,31(5):1288-1295.
[20]朱卫红,曹光兰,李莹,徐万玲,史敏,秦雷.图们江流域河流生态系统健康评价.生态学报,2014,34(14):3969-3977.
[21]刘跃晨,袁兴中,王云.三峡库区重庆段水质安全综合评价研究.人民长江,2014,45(18):10-14.
[22]况琪军,胡征宇,周广杰,叶麟,蔡庆华.香溪河流域浮游植物调查与水质评价.武汉植物学研究,2004,22(6):507-513.
[23]王欢,韩霜,邓红兵,肖寒,吴钢.香溪河河流生态系统服务功能评价.生态学报,2006,26(9):2971-2978.
[24]李月臣,刘春霞,闵婕,王才军,张虹,汪洋.三峡库区生态系统服务功能重要性评价.生态学报,2013,33(1):168-178.
[25]刘强,李晔,马啸,郑方钊,王涌泉.香溪河流域生态治理效益综合评价.中国水土保持,2012,(6):57-58.
[26]陈淼,苏晓磊,党成强,高婷,黄慧敏,董蓉,陶建平.三峡水库河流生境评价指标体系构建及应用.生态学报,2017,37(24):8433-8444.
[27]马骏,李昌晓,魏虹,马朋,杨予静,任庆水,张雯.三峡库区生态脆弱性评价.生态学报,2015,35(21):7117-7129.
[28]陈淼,苏晓磊,黄慧敏,党成强,高婷,曾波,陶建平.三峡库区支流生境因子对库区蓄水的响应.生态学报,2018,38(4):1478-1486.
[29] Shine J P,Ika R V,Ford T E. Multivariate statistical examination of spatial and temporal patterns of heavy metal contamination in new Bedford Harbor marine sediments. Environment Science&Technology,1995,29(7):1781-1788.
[30]杨宇.多指标综合评价中赋权方法评析.统计与决策,2006,(13):17-19.
[31]郑志宏,魏明华.基于组合赋权的河流健康模糊评价研究.水利水电技术,2013,44(2):28-31.
[32]山成菊,董增川,樊孔明,杨江浩,刘晨,方庆.组合赋权法在河流健康评价权重计算中的应用.河海大学学报:自然科学版,2012,40(6):622-628.
[33]宋光兴,杨德礼.基于决策者偏好及赋权法一致性的组合赋权法.系统工程与电子技术,2004,26(9):1226-1230,1290-1290.
[34]李俊玲.河流健康评价指标体系及权重模型研究[D].南京:河海大学,2008.
[35]陈加良.基于博弈论的组合赋权评价方法研究.福建电脑,2003,(9):15-16.
[36] An K G,Park S S,Shin J Y. An evaluation of a river health using the index of biological integrity along with relations to chemical and habitat conditions. Environment International:A Journal of Environmental Science,Risk and Health,2002,28(5):411-420.
[37] Maddock I. The importance of physical habitat assessment for evaluating river health. Freshwater Biology,1999,41(2):373-391.
[38]赵进勇,董哲仁,孙东亚.河流生物栖息地评估研究进展.科技导报,2008,26(17):82-88.
[39]王建华,田景汉,吕宪国.挠力河流域河流生境质量评价.生态学报,2010,30(2):481-486.
[2]石秋池.欧盟水框架指令及其执行情况.中国水利,2005,(22):65-66,52-52.
[3] Belletti B,Rinaldi M,Buijse A D,Gurnell A M,Mosselman E. A review of assessment methods for river hydromorphology. Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,73(5):2079-2100.
[4] Szoszkiewicz K,Buffagni A,Davy-Bowker J,Lesny J,Chojnicki B H,Zbierska J,Staniszewski R,Zgola T. Occurrence and variability of River Habitat Survey features across Europe and the consequences for data collection and evaluation. Hydrobiologia,2006,566(1):267-280.
[5]王强.山地河流生境对河流生物多样性的影响研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2011.
[6] Ecot J R,Dice J L,Celeste L A A,Podico R R,Tayong L M P,Abdon S A P,Olegario S P,Sabid J,Ferrer C J,Bigsang R T,Abalunan A J F,Jumawan J H. Riparian zone analysis using riparian,channel and environmental(RCE)inventory and water testing analysis in Lun Padidu river,Lun Padidu,Malapatan,Sarangani Province,Philippines. AES Bioflux,2014,6(3):276-283.
[7] Ladson A R,White L J,Doolan J A,Finlayson B L,Hart B T,Lake P S,Tilleard J W. Development and testing of an index of stream condition for waterway management in Australia. Freshwater Biology,1999,41(2):453-468.
[8] Brierley G J,Cohen T,Fryirs K,Brooks A. Post-European changes to the fluvial geomorphology of Bega catchment,Australia:implications for river ecology. Freshwater Biology,1999,41(4):839-848.
[9] Barbour M T,Gerritsen J,Snyder B D,Stribling J B. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Streams and Wadeable Rivers:Periphyton,Benthic Macroinvertebrates,and Fish. 2nd ed. Washington,DC:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,1999.
[10] Ollero A,Ibisate A,Gonzalo L E,Acín V,Ballarín D,Díaz E,Domenech S,Gimeno M,Granado D,Horacio J,Mora D,Sánchez M. The IHG index for hydromorphological quality assessment of rivers and streams:updated version. Limnetica,2011,30(2):255-262.
[11] Ortiz B J,Fernández D P,lvarez-Cabria M,Pe1as F. Riparian quality and habitat heterogeneity assessment in Cantabrian rivers. Limnetica,2011,30(2):329-346.
[12]郑丙辉,张远,李英博.辽河流域河流栖息地评价指标与评价方法研究.环境科学学报,2007,27(6):928-936.
[13]夏继红,严忠民,蒋传丰.河岸带生态系统综合评价指标体系研究.水科学进展,2005,16(3):345-348.
[14]娄会品,高甲荣,陈子珊.北京郊区河岸带自然性评价指标体系.水土保持通报,2010,30(1):161-165.
[15]王强,袁兴中,刘红,庞旭,王志坚,张耀光.基于河流生境调查的东河河流生境评价.生态学报,2014,34(6):1548-1558.
[16]汪冬冬,杨凯,车越,吕永鹏.河段尺度的上海苏州河河岸带综合评价.生态学报,2010,30(13):3501-3510.
[17]邓晓军,许有鹏,翟禄新,刘娅,李艺.城市河流健康评价指标体系构建及其应用.生态学报,2014,34(4):993-1001.
[18]赵彦伟,杨志峰.城市河流生态系统健康评价初探.水科学进展,2005,16(3):349-355.
[19]刘华,蔡颖,於梦秋,龚蕾婷,安树青.太湖流域宜兴片河流生境质量评价.生态学杂志,2012,31(5):1288-1295.
[20]朱卫红,曹光兰,李莹,徐万玲,史敏,秦雷.图们江流域河流生态系统健康评价.生态学报,2014,34(14):3969-3977.
[21]刘跃晨,袁兴中,王云.三峡库区重庆段水质安全综合评价研究.人民长江,2014,45(18):10-14.
[22]况琪军,胡征宇,周广杰,叶麟,蔡庆华.香溪河流域浮游植物调查与水质评价.武汉植物学研究,2004,22(6):507-513.
[23]王欢,韩霜,邓红兵,肖寒,吴钢.香溪河河流生态系统服务功能评价.生态学报,2006,26(9):2971-2978.
[24]李月臣,刘春霞,闵婕,王才军,张虹,汪洋.三峡库区生态系统服务功能重要性评价.生态学报,2013,33(1):168-178.
[25]刘强,李晔,马啸,郑方钊,王涌泉.香溪河流域生态治理效益综合评价.中国水土保持,2012,(6):57-58.
[26]陈淼,苏晓磊,党成强,高婷,黄慧敏,董蓉,陶建平.三峡水库河流生境评价指标体系构建及应用.生态学报,2017,37(24):8433-8444.
[27]马骏,李昌晓,魏虹,马朋,杨予静,任庆水,张雯.三峡库区生态脆弱性评价.生态学报,2015,35(21):7117-7129.
[28]陈淼,苏晓磊,黄慧敏,党成强,高婷,曾波,陶建平.三峡库区支流生境因子对库区蓄水的响应.生态学报,2018,38(4):1478-1486.
[29] Shine J P,Ika R V,Ford T E. Multivariate statistical examination of spatial and temporal patterns of heavy metal contamination in new Bedford Harbor marine sediments. Environment Science&Technology,1995,29(7):1781-1788.
[30]杨宇.多指标综合评价中赋权方法评析.统计与决策,2006,(13):17-19.
[31]郑志宏,魏明华.基于组合赋权的河流健康模糊评价研究.水利水电技术,2013,44(2):28-31.
[32]山成菊,董增川,樊孔明,杨江浩,刘晨,方庆.组合赋权法在河流健康评价权重计算中的应用.河海大学学报:自然科学版,2012,40(6):622-628.
[33]宋光兴,杨德礼.基于决策者偏好及赋权法一致性的组合赋权法.系统工程与电子技术,2004,26(9):1226-1230,1290-1290.
[34]李俊玲.河流健康评价指标体系及权重模型研究[D].南京:河海大学,2008.
[35]陈加良.基于博弈论的组合赋权评价方法研究.福建电脑,2003,(9):15-16.
[36] An K G,Park S S,Shin J Y. An evaluation of a river health using the index of biological integrity along with relations to chemical and habitat conditions. Environment International:A Journal of Environmental Science,Risk and Health,2002,28(5):411-420.
[37] Maddock I. The importance of physical habitat assessment for evaluating river health. Freshwater Biology,1999,41(2):373-391.
[38]赵进勇,董哲仁,孙东亚.河流生物栖息地评估研究进展.科技导报,2008,26(17):82-88.
[39]王建华,田景汉,吕宪国.挠力河流域河流生境质量评价.生态学报,2010,30(2):481-486.