重庆彭水棣棠河浮游生物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系
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摘要
【目的】研究重庆彭水棣棠河浮游生物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系。【方法】在2018年1月对棣棠河3个采样点的浮游生物及水质的理化因子状况进行了调查和采样。【结果】浮游植物共计4门17属41种,其中以硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)种类最多,优势种为模糊直链藻(Melosira ambigua)和颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata);平均密度为3×10~5个·L~(-1),平均生物量为209.16mg·L~(-1);Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)、Pielou指数(J)与Margalef指数(D)分别为3.078,0.975和4.677。浮游动物共计3门11属13种,优势种为前节晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna priodonta);平均密度为10.67个·L~(-1),平均生物量为0.193mg·L~(-1);H′,J和D分别为2.038,0.965和2.141。相关性分析表明,棣棠河浮游生物的多样性指数与溶解氧含量、温度、总磷含量和总氮含量呈统计学意义上的正相关关系(p<0.05),与pH、化学需氧量、悬浮物含量、电导率和溶解固体总量呈统计学意义上的负相关关系(p<0.05)。【结论】研究河段水质为清洁型,营养程度为贫营养型。
[Purposes]To study the plankton community structure of Ditang river in Pengshui of Chongqing and its relationship with environmental factors.[Methods]The phytoplankton and physical and chemical factors of water quality at three points in Ditang river were investigated and sampled in January 2018.[Findings]The results showed that there were 83 species of phytoplankton belonging to 4 phylum 17 genera,among which diatomophyta had the most species,accounting for 68.6% of the total species.The average density was 300000 individuals·L~(-1) and the average biomass was 209.16 mg·L~(-1).The Shannon Wiener index(H′),Pielou index(J),and Margalef index(D)were 3.078,0.975,and 4.677,respectively.There were 26 species of 11 genera in 4 phytoplankton.The average density of zooplankton was 10.67 individuals·L~(-1) and the average biomass was 0.193 mg·L~(-1).The H′,J,and D were 2.038,0.965,and 2.141,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that the diversity index of plankton in Ditang river showed a statistically significant positive correlation with dissolved oxygen content,temperature,total phosphorus content and total nitrogen content(p<0.05),and a statistically significant negative correlation with pH,COD,suspended matter content,electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids(p<0.05).[Conclusions]The water quality of the studied reach was clean and the nutrient level was poor.
[Purposes]To study the plankton community structure of Ditang river in Pengshui of Chongqing and its relationship with environmental factors.[Methods]The phytoplankton and physical and chemical factors of water quality at three points in Ditang river were investigated and sampled in January 2018.[Findings]The results showed that there were 83 species of phytoplankton belonging to 4 phylum 17 genera,among which diatomophyta had the most species,accounting for 68.6% of the total species.The average density was 300000 individuals·L~(-1) and the average biomass was 209.16 mg·L~(-1).The Shannon Wiener index(H′),Pielou index(J),and Margalef index(D)were 3.078,0.975,and 4.677,respectively.There were 26 species of 11 genera in 4 phytoplankton.The average density of zooplankton was 10.67 individuals·L~(-1) and the average biomass was 0.193 mg·L~(-1).The H′,J,and D were 2.038,0.965,and 2.141,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that the diversity index of plankton in Ditang river showed a statistically significant positive correlation with dissolved oxygen content,temperature,total phosphorus content and total nitrogen content(p<0.05),and a statistically significant negative correlation with pH,COD,suspended matter content,electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids(p<0.05).[Conclusions]The water quality of the studied reach was clean and the nutrient level was poor.
引文
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[3]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.State Environmental Protection Administration.Methods for water and wastewater monitoring and analysis[M].4th edition.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002.
[4]周凤霞,陈剑虹.淡水微型生物与底栖动物图谱[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.ZHOU F X,CHEN J H.Map of freshwater micro-organisms and benthos[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2005.
[5]金相灿,屠清英.湖泊富营养化调查规范[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.1990.JIN X C,TUQY.Investigation specifications for lake eutrophication[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1990.
[6]赵建刚,肖林,许总能.水域生态学实验指导[M].广州:暨南大学出版社,2013.ZHAO J G,XIAO L,XU Z N.Experimental guidance of water ecology[M].Guangzhou:Jinan University Press,2013.
[7]国家环保局.水生生物监测手册[M].南京:东南大学出版社,1993.State Environmental Protection Administration.Handbook of aquatic biology monitoring[M].Nanjing:Southeast University Press,1993.
[8]CARLSON R E.A trophic state index for lake[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1977,22(2):361-369.
[9]国家环保总局,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.地表水环境质量标准GB3838-2002[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.State Environmental Protection Administration,General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine.Environmental quality standards for surface water GB3838-2002[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002.
[10]KALFF J.Limnology:inland water ecosystems[M].Upper Saddle River,New Jersey:Prentice Hall,2002.
[11]HENEASH A M M,TADROSE H R Z,HUSSEIN M MA,et al.Potential effects of abiotic factors on the abundance and distribution of the plankton in the Western Harbour,south-eastern Mediterranean Sea,Egypt[J].Oceanologia,2015,57(1):61-70.
[12]COSTANZAR,d’ARGER,de GROOT R,et al.The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Nature,1997,387(15):253-260.
[13]WANG H R,CHEN Y C,LIU Z W.Effects of the“runof-river”hydro scheme on macroinvertebrate communities and habitat conditions in a mountain river of northeastern China[EB/OL].(2016-01-21)[2018-09-12].https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/8/1/31.
[14]GABRIELS W I M,LOCK K,de PAUW N,et al.Multimetric macroinvertebrate index Flanders(MMIF)for biological assessment of rivers and lakes in Flanders(Belgium)[J].Limnologica,2010,40(3):199-207.
[15]王强.山地河流生境对河流生物多样性的影响研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2011.WANGQ.Effectsofmountainriverhabitatonriver biodiversity[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2011.
[16]林青,由文辉,徐凤洁,等.滴水湖浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态学报,2014,34(23):6918-6929.LIN Q,YOU W H,XU F J,et al.Dishui lake zooplankton community structure and its relationship with environmental factors[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(23):6918-6929.
[17]BRIGGS K B,CRAIG J K,SHIVARUDRAPPA S,et al.Macrobenthosand megabenthos responses to long-term,large-scale hypoxia on the Louisiana continental shelf[J].Marine Environmental Research,2017,123:38-52.