1∶5万综合工程地质图编制方法
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摘要
开展新型城镇化规划建设工作,需要以1∶5万综合工程地质图为基础。目前,1∶5万综合工程地质图尚未形成统一的编图技术标准,无法满足工程地质编图的需要。通过总结国内外工程地质编图的理论和方法,结合"中原城市群北部城镇规划区1∶5万工程地质调查与编图"工作,以焦作市幅为例,编制了1∶5万综合工程地质图,探讨了1∶5万综合工程地质图编制方法,并对编图目的、主题表达、工程地质分区、工程地质层划分和图面配置提出新见解。1∶5万综合工程地质图表达的主题为工程地质综合特征,工程地质分区是该主题的具体反映;依据宏观工程地质条件,分别以地形地貌、地层岩性(工程地质层)、岩土体结构或变形强度、地壳稳定性或活动断裂(地震)、不良地质现象或地质灾害等特征差异性进行工程地质分区;以工程地质层作为基本的制图单元,依据《GB/T 50218—2014工程岩体分级标准》进行工程地质层划分,图面尽可能反映工程地质特征要素,包括(但不限于)每个工程地质钻孔柱状图、水文地质要素、内外动力地质现象和重大工程地质问题;综合工程地质图由主体平面图、镶图、剖面图、钻孔综合柱状图、工程地质特征说明表及图例组成,图、表或图例配置要科学合理。
The 1∶ 50 000 comprehensive engineering geological map is the foundation of the planning and construction of new urbanization. However,there is no unified technical standard for the compilation of the 1∶ 50 000 comprehensive engineering geological map so far,which can't meet the needs of engineering geological mapping.By summarizing the domestic and foreign theories and methods of engineering geological mapping,and combined with the current project"1∶ 50 000 engineering geological survey and mapping of northern urban planning areas of the urban agglomeration in Central Plains ",the authors have compiled a 1 ∶ 50 000 comprehensive engineering geological map,taking Jiaozuo City as an example. Furthermore,the theories and methods of compiling the1∶ 50 000 comprehensive engineering geological map have been discussed,and new opinions and ideas on the purpose,subject expression,engineering geological zoning,division of engineering geological layers and layout of the engineering geological map have been put forward. The expressed subject of 1∶ 50 000 comprehensive engineering geological map is the comprehensive characteristics of engineering geology,and the engineering geological zoning is the concrete expression of the subject. According to the macroscopic engineering geological conditions,the engineering geological zoning can be carried out based on the difference of the topography,stratum lithology( engineering geological layer),geotechnical structure or deformation strength,crustal stability or active faults( earthquakes),and adverse geological phenomena or geological disasters. The engineering geological layer should be taken as the basic mapping unit,and the division of the engineering geological layer can be carried out according to the "GB/T 50218-2014 Standard for Classification of Engineering Rock Mass". In addition,the engineering geological features should be reflected as much as possible,including( but not limited to) each engineering geological borehole histogram,hydrogeological elements,internal and external dynamic geological phenomena,major engineering geological problems and so on. The comprehensive engineering geological map should be composed of the main body plan,inlay map,section map,comprehensive borehole histogram,engineering geological feature description table and legend,all of which should be scientifically and reasonably configured.
The 1∶ 50 000 comprehensive engineering geological map is the foundation of the planning and construction of new urbanization. However,there is no unified technical standard for the compilation of the 1∶ 50 000 comprehensive engineering geological map so far,which can't meet the needs of engineering geological mapping.By summarizing the domestic and foreign theories and methods of engineering geological mapping,and combined with the current project"1∶ 50 000 engineering geological survey and mapping of northern urban planning areas of the urban agglomeration in Central Plains ",the authors have compiled a 1 ∶ 50 000 comprehensive engineering geological map,taking Jiaozuo City as an example. Furthermore,the theories and methods of compiling the1∶ 50 000 comprehensive engineering geological map have been discussed,and new opinions and ideas on the purpose,subject expression,engineering geological zoning,division of engineering geological layers and layout of the engineering geological map have been put forward. The expressed subject of 1∶ 50 000 comprehensive engineering geological map is the comprehensive characteristics of engineering geology,and the engineering geological zoning is the concrete expression of the subject. According to the macroscopic engineering geological conditions,the engineering geological zoning can be carried out based on the difference of the topography,stratum lithology( engineering geological layer),geotechnical structure or deformation strength,crustal stability or active faults( earthquakes),and adverse geological phenomena or geological disasters. The engineering geological layer should be taken as the basic mapping unit,and the division of the engineering geological layer can be carried out according to the "GB/T 50218-2014 Standard for Classification of Engineering Rock Mass". In addition,the engineering geological features should be reflected as much as possible,including( but not limited to) each engineering geological borehole histogram,hydrogeological elements,internal and external dynamic geological phenomena,major engineering geological problems and so on. The comprehensive engineering geological map should be composed of the main body plan,inlay map,section map,comprehensive borehole histogram,engineering geological feature description table and legend,all of which should be scientifically and reasonably configured.
引文
[1] ANON. Engineering Geological Maps. A Guide to Their Prepara-tion[M]. Paris:The UNESCO Press,1976:3-48.
[2]任国林.工程地质编图指南[M].北京:地质出版社,1989:16-45.
[3] Mc Call G J,Marker B. Earth Science Mapping for Planning,Deve-lopment and Conservation[M]. London:Graham&Trotman,1989:32-49.
[4] Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific,UnitedNations. Polders in Asia,Volume 6 of Atlas of Urban Geology[M].New York:The UNESCO Press,1996:2-58.
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[6] Ribi i M,INIGOJ J,Komac M. New general engineering geolo-gical map of Slovenia[J]. Geologija,2003,46(2):397-404.
[7] Zuquette L V,Pejon O J,Dos Santos Collares J Q. Engineering geo-logical mapping developed in the Fortaleza metropolitan region,State of Ceara,Brazil[J]. Eng Geol,2004,71(3/4):227-253.
[8] Nespereira J J,Yenes O M,Charfole J F,et al. Engineering geo-logical mapping for the urban area of Salamanca(Spain)[M]//Culshaw M G,Reeves H J,Jefferson I,et al. Engineering Geologyof Tomorrow’s Cities. London:Geological Society,2006:1-9.
[9] Chávez J A,Valenta J,Schrfe J,et al. Engineering geology map-ping in the southern part of the metropolitan area of San Salva-dor[J]. Rev Geol Am Cen,2012,46:161-178.
[10] Baliak F,Brek M. Engineering-geological maps of geologicalfactors of the environment in Slovakia[J]. Studia Geotechn Mech,2013,35(1):19-25.
[11]刘国昌.中国区域工程地质学纲要[J].水文地质工程地质,1957(3):3-7,15.
[12]李明朗,刘玉海.中国城市地质[M].北京:中国大地出版社,2005:11-19.
[13] Varnes D J,Keaton J R.工程地质制图的趋势(1972—1983)[J].郑达辉,译.世界地质,1986,5(3):1-11.
[14]李相然,宋琰勋.城市环境工程地质图基本要素与编制原理[J].西安工程学院学报,1998,20(2):55-59.
[15]吴恒.城市地质环境的工程地质分析与图系编绘[J].桂林冶金地质学院学报,1993,13(3):225-235.
[16]任国林.中国区域工程地质条件基本特征———中国工程地质图(1∶4 000 000)简介[J].水文地质工程地质,1992,19(3):36-37,52.
[17]地矿部地质环境管理司. GB/T 12328—1990综合工程地质图图例及色标[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1991.
[18]方鸿琪,杨闽中.城市工程地质环境分析原理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999:4-89.
[19]中国地质调查局,中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所.中国典型城市环境地质图集[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2015:19-243.
[20]孙晓明,张开军,杨齐青,等.中国海岸带环境地质图简介[J].中国地质调查,2015,2(5):52-55.
[21]国土资源部.关于加强城市地质工作的指导意见[EB/OL].(2017-09-01). http://www. mlr. gov. cn/zwgk/zytz/201709/t20170906_1585778. htm.
[22]北京市勘察设计研究院有限公司. CJJ 57—2012城乡规划工程地质勘察规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013:27-32.
[23]长江水利委员会长江科学院. GB/T 50218—2014工程岩体分级标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2015:4-25.
[2]任国林.工程地质编图指南[M].北京:地质出版社,1989:16-45.
[3] Mc Call G J,Marker B. Earth Science Mapping for Planning,Deve-lopment and Conservation[M]. London:Graham&Trotman,1989:32-49.
[4] Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific,UnitedNations. Polders in Asia,Volume 6 of Atlas of Urban Geology[M].New York:The UNESCO Press,1996:2-58.
[5] Maharaj R J. Engineering-geological mapping of tropical soils forland-use planning and geotechnical purposes:A case study fromJamaica,West Indies[J]. Eng Geol,1995,40(3/4):243-286.
[6] Ribi i M,INIGOJ J,Komac M. New general engineering geolo-gical map of Slovenia[J]. Geologija,2003,46(2):397-404.
[7] Zuquette L V,Pejon O J,Dos Santos Collares J Q. Engineering geo-logical mapping developed in the Fortaleza metropolitan region,State of Ceara,Brazil[J]. Eng Geol,2004,71(3/4):227-253.
[8] Nespereira J J,Yenes O M,Charfole J F,et al. Engineering geo-logical mapping for the urban area of Salamanca(Spain)[M]//Culshaw M G,Reeves H J,Jefferson I,et al. Engineering Geologyof Tomorrow’s Cities. London:Geological Society,2006:1-9.
[9] Chávez J A,Valenta J,Schrfe J,et al. Engineering geology map-ping in the southern part of the metropolitan area of San Salva-dor[J]. Rev Geol Am Cen,2012,46:161-178.
[10] Baliak F,Brek M. Engineering-geological maps of geologicalfactors of the environment in Slovakia[J]. Studia Geotechn Mech,2013,35(1):19-25.
[11]刘国昌.中国区域工程地质学纲要[J].水文地质工程地质,1957(3):3-7,15.
[12]李明朗,刘玉海.中国城市地质[M].北京:中国大地出版社,2005:11-19.
[13] Varnes D J,Keaton J R.工程地质制图的趋势(1972—1983)[J].郑达辉,译.世界地质,1986,5(3):1-11.
[14]李相然,宋琰勋.城市环境工程地质图基本要素与编制原理[J].西安工程学院学报,1998,20(2):55-59.
[15]吴恒.城市地质环境的工程地质分析与图系编绘[J].桂林冶金地质学院学报,1993,13(3):225-235.
[16]任国林.中国区域工程地质条件基本特征———中国工程地质图(1∶4 000 000)简介[J].水文地质工程地质,1992,19(3):36-37,52.
[17]地矿部地质环境管理司. GB/T 12328—1990综合工程地质图图例及色标[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1991.
[18]方鸿琪,杨闽中.城市工程地质环境分析原理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999:4-89.
[19]中国地质调查局,中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所.中国典型城市环境地质图集[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2015:19-243.
[20]孙晓明,张开军,杨齐青,等.中国海岸带环境地质图简介[J].中国地质调查,2015,2(5):52-55.
[21]国土资源部.关于加强城市地质工作的指导意见[EB/OL].(2017-09-01). http://www. mlr. gov. cn/zwgk/zytz/201709/t20170906_1585778. htm.
[22]北京市勘察设计研究院有限公司. CJJ 57—2012城乡规划工程地质勘察规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013:27-32.
[23]长江水利委员会长江科学院. GB/T 50218—2014工程岩体分级标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2015:4-25.