耦合短程硝化反硝化的垃圾渗滤液厌氧氨氧化处理系统构建及微生物群落分析
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摘要
本研究从某垃圾填埋场计划将现有的垃圾渗滤液短程硝化反硝化脱氮工艺改造为短程硝化反硝化耦合厌氧氨氧化工艺的实际需求入手,以短程硝化反硝化污泥作为接种污泥,在上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)中完成厌氧氨氧化启动.探究反应器运行中的脱氮效能、氮容积负荷和氮去除负荷情况,并利用16S rRNA基因序列分析技术对长期运行条件下系统中微生物群落结构演替进行分析.结果表明,反应器经历了149 d后成功启动厌氧氨氧化,稳定运行后的进水总氮容积负荷达到4 000. 00 mg·(L·d)-1,总氮容积平均去除速率达到3 885. 76 mg·(L·d)-1,系统氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的平均去除率均超过了95%.运行第250 d时,系统的生物多样性减少,门水平上厌氧氨氧化主要菌群Planctomycetes的丰度达到了54. 94%;属水平上Candidatus Kuenenia为主要菌属,其相对丰度达到了49. 66%.结果证明,在短程硝化反硝化基础上耦合厌氧氨氧化实现垃圾渗滤液深度处理的升级改造工艺具有可行性.
In order to upgrade the current shortcut nitrification and denitrification process for landfill leachate treatment and to stimulate nitrification-denitrification coupled with anaerobic ammonia oxidation( ANAMMOX) at a landfill,an ANAMMOX process was started using an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed( UASB) reactor seeded with nitrification and denitrification sludge. The performances of the reactor were investigated,including the nitrogen loading and nitrogen removal rates. Moreover,Illumina Miseq sequencing was conducted to analyze the microbial community dynamics under long-term operation on a molecular level. The results showed that the ANAMMOX reactor was successfully started in 149 days. The total nitrogen loading rate reached 4 000. 00 mg·( L·d)-1,and the total nitrogen removal rate reached 3 885. 76 mg·( L·d)-1 after stable operation. The average ammonium and nitrite removal efficiencies were more than 95%. In 250 days,the Planctomycetes in the reactor experienced rapid growth,and its abundance reached 54. 94%.The abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia reached 49. 66%. The upgrading process of landfill leachate treatment by coupling ANAMMOX based on short-cut nitrification and denitrification was confirmed to be feasible.
In order to upgrade the current shortcut nitrification and denitrification process for landfill leachate treatment and to stimulate nitrification-denitrification coupled with anaerobic ammonia oxidation( ANAMMOX) at a landfill,an ANAMMOX process was started using an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed( UASB) reactor seeded with nitrification and denitrification sludge. The performances of the reactor were investigated,including the nitrogen loading and nitrogen removal rates. Moreover,Illumina Miseq sequencing was conducted to analyze the microbial community dynamics under long-term operation on a molecular level. The results showed that the ANAMMOX reactor was successfully started in 149 days. The total nitrogen loading rate reached 4 000. 00 mg·( L·d)-1,and the total nitrogen removal rate reached 3 885. 76 mg·( L·d)-1 after stable operation. The average ammonium and nitrite removal efficiencies were more than 95%. In 250 days,the Planctomycetes in the reactor experienced rapid growth,and its abundance reached 54. 94%.The abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia reached 49. 66%. The upgrading process of landfill leachate treatment by coupling ANAMMOX based on short-cut nitrification and denitrification was confirmed to be feasible.
引文
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[12] Miao L,Yang G Q,Tao T,et al. Recent advances in nitrogen removal from landfill leachate using biological treatments-A review[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2019,235:178-185.
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[14]陈重军,张海芹,汪瑶琪,等.基于高通量测序的ABR厌氧氨氧化反应器各隔室细菌群落特征分析[J].环境科学,2016,37(7):2652-2658.Chen C J,Zhang H Q,Wang Y Q,et al. Characteristics of microbial community in each compartment of ABR ANAMMOX reactor based on high-throughput sequencing[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(7):2652-2658.
[15]梁俊宇,周鸿,赵晴,等.垃圾渗滤液部分亚硝化的启动运行及菌群分析[J].水处理技术,2018,44(3):99-103,108.Liang J Y, Zhou H, Zhao Q, et al. Analysis of start-up,operation and microbial community during landfill leachate partial nitritation[J]. Technology of Water Treatment,2018,44(3):99-103,108.
[16] Wang T,Zhang H M,Gao D W,et al. Enrichment of anammox bacteria in seed sludges from different wastewater treating processes and start-up of Anammox process[J]. Desalination,2011,271(1-3):193-198.
[17]汪瑶琪,张敏,姜滢,等.厌氧氨氧化启动过程及微生物群落结构特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(12):5184-5191.Wang Y Q, Zhang M, Jiang Y, et al. Start-up and characteristics of the microbial community structure of ANAMMOX[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(12):5184-5191.
[18]陈胜,孙德智,遇光禄.填充床快速启动厌氧氨氧化反应器及其脱氮性能研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(3):691-696.Chen S,Sun D Z,Yu G L. Rapid startup and nitrogen removal characteristic of anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor in packed bed biofilm reactor with suspended carrier[J]. Environmental Science,2010,31(3):691-696.
[19]黄曦,张雁秋,李开銮.浅谈ANAMMOX反应的启动研究[J].污染防治技术,2010,23(1):74-77.Huang X,Zhang Y Q,Li K L. Studies on the start-up of ANAMMOX[J]. Pollution Control Technology,2010,23(1):74-77.
[20]安芳娇,赵智超,黄利,等. HRT对厌氧氨氧化协同异养反硝化脱氮的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(9):4302-4309.An F J,Zhao Z C,Huang L,et al. Effect of HRT on nitrogen removal using ANAMMOX and heterotrophic denitrification[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(9):4302-4309.
[21]魏琛,陆天友,钟仁超,等. HRT及氮素负荷对厌氧氨氧化系统的影响[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(4):749-755.Wei C,Lu T Y,Zhong R C,et al. Influence of HRT and nitrogen load on an ANAMMOX system[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2010,30(4):749-755.
[22] Ma J X,Wang Z W,Yang Y,et al. Correlating microbial community structure and composition with aeration intensity in submerged membrane bioreactors by 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing[J]. Water Research,2013,47(2):859-869.
[23]王亚宜,黎力,马骁,等.厌氧氨氧化菌的生物特性及CANON厌氧氨氧化工艺[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(6):1362-1374.Wang Y Y,Li L,Ma X,et al. Bio-characteristics of anammox bacteria and CANON anammox process[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(6):1362-1374.
[24] Luo J H,Liang H,Yan L J,et al. Microbial community structures in a closed raw water distribution system biofilm as revealed by 454-pyrosequencing analysis and the effect of microbial biofilm communities on raw water quality[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,148:189-195.
[25] Xia Y,Kong Y H,Thomsen T R,et al. Identification and ecophysiological characterization of epiphytic protein-hydrolyzing Saprospiraceae(“Candidatus Epiflobacter” spp.)in activated sludge[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2008,74(7):2229-2238.
[26] Lu H J, Chandran K, Stensel D. Microbial ecology of denitrification in biological wastewater treatment[J]. Water Research,2014,64:237-254.
[27]曹雁.厌氧氨氧化与反硝化协同脱氮及微生物特性研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2018.Cao Y. Study on performance and microbial characteristics of coexistence of anammox and denitrification for simultaneous nitrogen removal[D]. Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2018.
[28] Kuenen J G. Anammox bacteria:from discovery to application[J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology,2008,6(4):320-326.
[29] Kartal B,van Niftrik L,Keltjens J T,et al. Anammox—growth physiology,cell biology, and metabolism[J]. Advances in Microbial Physiology,2012,60:211-262.
[30] Gaul T,Mrker S,Kunst S. Start-up of moving bed biofilm reactors for deammonification:the role of hydraulic retention time, alkalinity and oxygen supply[J]. Water Science&Technology,2003,52(7):127-133.
[31] van der Star W R L,Abma W R,Blommers D,et al. Startup of reactors for anoxic ammonium oxidation:experiences from the first full-scale anammox reactor in Rotterdam[J]. Water Research,2007,41(18):4149-4163.
[2] Jokela J P Y,Kettunen R H,Sormunen K M,et al. Biological nitrogen removal from municipal landfill leachate:low-cost nitrification in biofilters and laboratory scale in-situ denitrification[J]. Water Research,2002,36(16):4079-4087.
[3] Kartal B,Maalcke W J,de Almeida N M,et al. Molecular mechanism of anaerobic ammonium oxidation[J]. Nature,2011,479(7371):127-130.
[4] Ali M,Chai L Y,Tang C J,et al. The increasing interest of ANAMMOX research in China:bacteria,process development,and application[J]. BioMed Research International, 2013,2013:134914.
[5] Wen X,Gong B Z,Zhou J,et al. Efficient simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification(SNAD)system equipped with a real-time dissolved oxygen(DO)intelligent control system and microbial community shifts of different substrate concentrations[J]. Water Research,2017,119:201-211.
[6] Azari M,Walter U,Rekers V,et al. More than a decade of experience of landfill leachate treatment with a full-scale anammox plant combining activated sludge and activated carbon biofilm[J]. Chemosphere,2017,174:117-126.
[7] Jetten M S M,Cirpus I,Kartal B,et al. 1994-2004:10 years of research on the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium[J].Biochemical Society Transactions,2005,33(1):119-123.
[8] Joss A,Salzgeber D, Eugster J,et al. Full-scale nitrogen removal from digester liquid with partial nitritation and anammox in one SBR[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(14):5301-5306.
[9] Ma B,Wang S Y,Cao S B,et al. Biological nitrogen removal from sewage via anammox:recent advances[J]. Bioresource Technology,2016,200:981-990.
[10] Wang G,Xu X C,Zhou L,et al. A pilot-scale study on the start-up of partial nitrification-anammox process for anaerobic sludge digester liquor treatment[J]. Bioresource Technology,2017,241:181-189.
[11] Chen H,Hu H Y,Chen Q Q,et al. Successful start-up of the anammox process:influence of the seeding strategy on performance and granule properties[J]. Bioresource Technology,2016,211:594-602.
[12] Miao L,Yang G Q,Tao T,et al. Recent advances in nitrogen removal from landfill leachate using biological treatments-A review[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2019,235:178-185.
[13]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002. 88-284.
[14]陈重军,张海芹,汪瑶琪,等.基于高通量测序的ABR厌氧氨氧化反应器各隔室细菌群落特征分析[J].环境科学,2016,37(7):2652-2658.Chen C J,Zhang H Q,Wang Y Q,et al. Characteristics of microbial community in each compartment of ABR ANAMMOX reactor based on high-throughput sequencing[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(7):2652-2658.
[15]梁俊宇,周鸿,赵晴,等.垃圾渗滤液部分亚硝化的启动运行及菌群分析[J].水处理技术,2018,44(3):99-103,108.Liang J Y, Zhou H, Zhao Q, et al. Analysis of start-up,operation and microbial community during landfill leachate partial nitritation[J]. Technology of Water Treatment,2018,44(3):99-103,108.
[16] Wang T,Zhang H M,Gao D W,et al. Enrichment of anammox bacteria in seed sludges from different wastewater treating processes and start-up of Anammox process[J]. Desalination,2011,271(1-3):193-198.
[17]汪瑶琪,张敏,姜滢,等.厌氧氨氧化启动过程及微生物群落结构特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(12):5184-5191.Wang Y Q, Zhang M, Jiang Y, et al. Start-up and characteristics of the microbial community structure of ANAMMOX[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(12):5184-5191.
[18]陈胜,孙德智,遇光禄.填充床快速启动厌氧氨氧化反应器及其脱氮性能研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(3):691-696.Chen S,Sun D Z,Yu G L. Rapid startup and nitrogen removal characteristic of anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor in packed bed biofilm reactor with suspended carrier[J]. Environmental Science,2010,31(3):691-696.
[19]黄曦,张雁秋,李开銮.浅谈ANAMMOX反应的启动研究[J].污染防治技术,2010,23(1):74-77.Huang X,Zhang Y Q,Li K L. Studies on the start-up of ANAMMOX[J]. Pollution Control Technology,2010,23(1):74-77.
[20]安芳娇,赵智超,黄利,等. HRT对厌氧氨氧化协同异养反硝化脱氮的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(9):4302-4309.An F J,Zhao Z C,Huang L,et al. Effect of HRT on nitrogen removal using ANAMMOX and heterotrophic denitrification[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(9):4302-4309.
[21]魏琛,陆天友,钟仁超,等. HRT及氮素负荷对厌氧氨氧化系统的影响[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(4):749-755.Wei C,Lu T Y,Zhong R C,et al. Influence of HRT and nitrogen load on an ANAMMOX system[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2010,30(4):749-755.
[22] Ma J X,Wang Z W,Yang Y,et al. Correlating microbial community structure and composition with aeration intensity in submerged membrane bioreactors by 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing[J]. Water Research,2013,47(2):859-869.
[23]王亚宜,黎力,马骁,等.厌氧氨氧化菌的生物特性及CANON厌氧氨氧化工艺[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(6):1362-1374.Wang Y Y,Li L,Ma X,et al. Bio-characteristics of anammox bacteria and CANON anammox process[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(6):1362-1374.
[24] Luo J H,Liang H,Yan L J,et al. Microbial community structures in a closed raw water distribution system biofilm as revealed by 454-pyrosequencing analysis and the effect of microbial biofilm communities on raw water quality[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,148:189-195.
[25] Xia Y,Kong Y H,Thomsen T R,et al. Identification and ecophysiological characterization of epiphytic protein-hydrolyzing Saprospiraceae(“Candidatus Epiflobacter” spp.)in activated sludge[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2008,74(7):2229-2238.
[26] Lu H J, Chandran K, Stensel D. Microbial ecology of denitrification in biological wastewater treatment[J]. Water Research,2014,64:237-254.
[27]曹雁.厌氧氨氧化与反硝化协同脱氮及微生物特性研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2018.Cao Y. Study on performance and microbial characteristics of coexistence of anammox and denitrification for simultaneous nitrogen removal[D]. Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2018.
[28] Kuenen J G. Anammox bacteria:from discovery to application[J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology,2008,6(4):320-326.
[29] Kartal B,van Niftrik L,Keltjens J T,et al. Anammox—growth physiology,cell biology, and metabolism[J]. Advances in Microbial Physiology,2012,60:211-262.
[30] Gaul T,Mrker S,Kunst S. Start-up of moving bed biofilm reactors for deammonification:the role of hydraulic retention time, alkalinity and oxygen supply[J]. Water Science&Technology,2003,52(7):127-133.
[31] van der Star W R L,Abma W R,Blommers D,et al. Startup of reactors for anoxic ammonium oxidation:experiences from the first full-scale anammox reactor in Rotterdam[J]. Water Research,2007,41(18):4149-4163.