马尾松广东种源与湖北种源的人工林生物量分配差异
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摘要
采用解析木法与整株收获法分析已达轮伐期的马尾松广东种源和湖北当地种源的生长进程及地上、地下生物量分配格局,分析生长快速与缓慢种源人工林生长过程及生产力形成过程中生物量分配模式,探讨2个种源的长期适应性差异的机制。根据胸径(DBH)大小将解析木划分为3个等级:12 cm≤DBH<18 cm, 18 cm≤DBH<26 cm和26 cm≤DBH<34 cm。结果如下:①广东种源在25年生连年生长量达最大值0.015 m3·a-1, 35年生平均生长量达最大值0.011 m3·a-1,湖北种源30年生时连年生长量达最大值0.011 m3·a-1, 42年生时平均生长量达最大值0.007 1 m3·a-1。②广东种源分配较多比例的生物量给地下部分, 2个种源的粗根生物量存在显著差异(P<0.05),随胸径增加,相对差异(RE,GD/HB)分别为36.5%, 62.9%和47.5%,而细根间生物量未达显著性差异。在胸径范围2 634 cm内, 2个种源人工林在整株生物量、地上部分生物量、树干和针叶生物量差异显著(P<0.05)。③湖北种源地下生物量分配比例在整个生长过程中均低于广东种源;在生长初期,湖北种源树干所占总生物量比例高于广东种源,而枝和叶的生物量分配比例低于广东种源;随着树龄增长,广东种源树干所占总生物量比例逐渐高于湖北种源,并趋于稳定;而枝、叶正好相反。因此,引种的广东种源生长性状及树干生物量均表现出快速增长的特点,数量成熟年龄较湖北种源提前,栽植快速成长的种源将增加人工林生物量。
To analyze biomass allocation in the pro cess of productivity formation in man-made forests of fastand slow-growing provenances,Masson pine(Pinus massoniana),an important man-made forest species in south China,was used.Different mechanisms of long-term adaptation in the two provenance types were also discussed.The allocation patterns of above-and below-ground biomass in Guangdong and Hubei provenances were analyzed by using the whole plant harvest method.According to differing diameter at breast heights(DBH),the analytic trees were grouped into three classes:12 cm ≤DBH<18 cm,18 cm≤DBH<26 cm,and 26 cm≤DBH<34 cm.Results showed that(1) The maximum of annual growth of Guangdong provenance reached 0.015 m3·a-1 in 25 years and the average annual growth of Guangdong provenance reached 0.011 m3·a-1 in 30 years.In addition,the maximum of annual growth of Hubei provenance reached 0.011 and 0.007 m3·a-1 in 30 and 42 years,respectively.(2) A large proportion of biomass was distributed to the underground part in Guangdong provenance.There were significant differences in the crude root biomass of the two provenances(P<0.05).With the increasing of chest diameter,the relative difference were 36.5%,62.9% and 47.5%,respectively,while there was no significant difference in the biomass between the fine roots.In the DBHrange from 26 to 34 cm,there were significant differences among the biomass of the whole plant,the aboveground part,the tree trunk and the conifer(P<0.05).(3) The biomass allocation proportion of Hubei provenance for the whole growth process in the 3 DBHclasses was lower than that of the Guangdong provenance.At the initial stage of growth,the total biomass of the trunk in the Hubei provenance was higher than that in the Guangdong seed source;whereas,the biomass allocation proportions of branches and leaves was lower.As tree age increased,the proportion of total biomass for the tree trunk in the Guangdong provenance was gradually higher than that in the Hubei provenance and tended to be stable.However,the results were opposite in the branches and leaves.Therefore,the growth characters and the biomass of tree trunks showed the characteristic of rapid growth in Guangdong provenance,while quantitative maturity age was earlier than that in Hubei provenance.
To analyze biomass allocation in the pro cess of productivity formation in man-made forests of fastand slow-growing provenances,Masson pine(Pinus massoniana),an important man-made forest species in south China,was used.Different mechanisms of long-term adaptation in the two provenance types were also discussed.The allocation patterns of above-and below-ground biomass in Guangdong and Hubei provenances were analyzed by using the whole plant harvest method.According to differing diameter at breast heights(DBH),the analytic trees were grouped into three classes:12 cm ≤DBH<18 cm,18 cm≤DBH<26 cm,and 26 cm≤DBH<34 cm.Results showed that(1) The maximum of annual growth of Guangdong provenance reached 0.015 m3·a-1 in 25 years and the average annual growth of Guangdong provenance reached 0.011 m3·a-1 in 30 years.In addition,the maximum of annual growth of Hubei provenance reached 0.011 and 0.007 m3·a-1 in 30 and 42 years,respectively.(2) A large proportion of biomass was distributed to the underground part in Guangdong provenance.There were significant differences in the crude root biomass of the two provenances(P<0.05).With the increasing of chest diameter,the relative difference were 36.5%,62.9% and 47.5%,respectively,while there was no significant difference in the biomass between the fine roots.In the DBHrange from 26 to 34 cm,there were significant differences among the biomass of the whole plant,the aboveground part,the tree trunk and the conifer(P<0.05).(3) The biomass allocation proportion of Hubei provenance for the whole growth process in the 3 DBHclasses was lower than that of the Guangdong provenance.At the initial stage of growth,the total biomass of the trunk in the Hubei provenance was higher than that in the Guangdong seed source;whereas,the biomass allocation proportions of branches and leaves was lower.As tree age increased,the proportion of total biomass for the tree trunk in the Guangdong provenance was gradually higher than that in the Hubei provenance and tended to be stable.However,the results were opposite in the branches and leaves.Therefore,the growth characters and the biomass of tree trunks showed the characteristic of rapid growth in Guangdong provenance,while quantitative maturity age was earlier than that in Hubei provenance.
引文
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[15]刘青华,张蕊,金国庆,等.马尾松年轮宽度和木材基本密度的种源变异及早期选择[J].林业科学,2010,46(5):49-54.LIU Qinghua,ZHANG Rui,JIN Guoqing,et al.Variation of ring width and wood basic density and early selection of Pinus massoniana provenances[J].Sci Silv Sin,2010,46(5):49-54.
[16]侯爱敏,周国逸,彭少麟.鼎湖山马尾松径向生长动态与气候因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(4):637-639.HOU Aimin,ZHOU Guoyi,PENG Shaolin.Relationship between climatic factors and radial growth of Pinus massoniana in Dinghushan Mountain[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,2003,14(4):637-639.
[17]程瑞梅,封晓辉,肖文发,等.北亚热带马尾松净生产力对气候变化的响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(8):2086-2095.CHENG Ruimei,FENG Xiaohui,XIAO Wenfa,et al.Response of net productivity of Masson pine plantation to climate change in North subtropical region[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2011,31(8):2086-2095.
[18]孟宪宇.测树学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006.
[19]GOODMAN A M,ENNOS A R.A comparative study of the response of the roots and shoots of sunflower and maize to mechanical stimulation[J].J Exp Bot,1996,47(303):1499-1507.
[20]HENRY H A L,AARSSENN L W.On the relationship between shade tolerance and shade avoidance strategies in woodland plants[J].Oikos,1997,80:575-582.
[21]PEICHL M,ARAIN M A.Allometry and partitioning of above and belowground tree biomass in an age-sequence of white pine forests[J].For Ecol Manage,2007,253(1):68-80.
[22]RETZLAFF W A,HANDEST J A,O’MALLEY D M,et al.Wholetree biomass and carbon allocation of juvenile trees of loblolly pine(Pinus taeda):influence of genetics and fertilization[J].Can J For Res,2001,31(1):960-970.
[23]STOVALL J P,FOX T R,SEILER J R.Allometry varies among 6-year-old Pinus taeda(L.)clones in the Virginia Piedmont[J].For Sci,2013,59(1):50-62.
[24]BONGARTEN B C,TESKEY R O.Dry-weight partitioning and its relationship to productivity in loblolly pine seedlings from 7 sources[J].For Sci,1987,33:255-267.
[2]王霓虹,高萌,李丹.长白落叶松人工林乔木层生物量分布特征及其固碳能力研究[J].植物研究,2014,34(4):554-560.WANG Nihong,GAO Meng,LI Dan.Tree layer biomass distribution and carbon storage capacity of Larix olgensis plantation[J].Bull Bot Res,2014,34(4):554-560.
[3]XIANG Wenhua,LIU Shaohui,DENG Xiangwen,et al.General allometric equations and biomass allocation of Pinus massoniana trees on a regional scale in southern China[J].Ecol Res,2011,26(4):699-711.
[4]ZHU H Y,WENG Y H,ZHANG H G,et al.Comparing fast-and slow-growing provenances of Picea koraiensis in biomass,carbon parameters and their relationships with growth[J].For Ecol Manage,2013,307(6):178-185.
[5]WANG X W,WENG Y H,LIU G F,et al.Variations in carbon concentration,sequestration and partitioning among Betula platyphylla provenances[J].For Ecol Manage,2015,358:344-352.
[6]GERSONDE R F,O’HARA K L.Comparative tree growth efficiency in Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forests[J].For Ecol Manage,2005,219(1):95-108.
[7]JOHNSEN K H,SEILER J R,MAJOR J E.Growth shoot phenology and physiology of diverse seed sources of black spruce.II.23-year-old field trees[J].Tree Physiol,1996,16:375-380.
[8]OLEKSYN J,REICH P B,CHALUPKA W,et al.Differential above-and below-ground biomass accumulation of European Pinus sylvestris populations in a 12-year-old provenance experiment[J].Scand J For Res,1999,14(1):7-17.
[9]MAJOR J E,JOHNSEN K H,BARSI D C,et al.Fine and coarse root parameters from mature black spruce displaying genetic soil moisture interaction in growth[J].Can J For Res,2012,42(11):1926-1938.
[10]朱航勇,张含国,张振,等.整合生物量及碳汇的帽儿山地区兴安落叶松31年生种源选择[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(7):5-10.ZHU Hangyong,ZHANG Hanguo,ZHANG Zhen,et al.Integrating biomass and carbon sequestration of 31-year Larix gmelinii provenance selection in Maoershan[J].J Northeast For Univ,2014,42(7):5-10.
[11]董点,林天喜,唐景毅,等.紫椴生物量分配格局及异速生长方程[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(4):54-63.DONG Dian,LIN Tianxi,TANG Jingyi,et al.Biomass allocation patterns and allometric models of Tilia amurensis[J].J Beijing For Univ,2014,36(4):54-63.
[12]汪金松,张春雨,范秀华,等.臭冷杉生物量分配格局及异速生长模型[J].生态学报,2011,31(14):3918-3927.WANG Jinsong,ZHANG Chunyu,FAN Xiuhua,et al.Biomass allocation patterns and allometric models of Abies nephrolepis Maxim[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2011,31(14):3918-3927.
[13]贺庆棠,袁嘉祖,陈志泊.气候变化对马尾松和云南松分布的可能影响[J].北京林业大学学报,1996,18(1):22-28.HE Qingtang,YUAN Jiazu,CHEN Zhibo.Possible effects of the climate changes on the distribution of Pinus massoniana and Pinus yunnanensis in South China[J].J Beijing For Univ,1996,18(1):22-28.
[14]丁贵杰,王鹏程.马尾松人工林生物量及生产力变化规律研究(Ⅱ)不同林龄生物量及生产力[J].林业科学研究,2001,15(1):54-60.DING Guijie,WANG Pengcheng.Study on change laws of biomass and productivity of Masson pine forest plantation(Ⅱ)biomass and productivity of stand at different ages[J].For Res,2001,15(1):54-60.
[15]刘青华,张蕊,金国庆,等.马尾松年轮宽度和木材基本密度的种源变异及早期选择[J].林业科学,2010,46(5):49-54.LIU Qinghua,ZHANG Rui,JIN Guoqing,et al.Variation of ring width and wood basic density and early selection of Pinus massoniana provenances[J].Sci Silv Sin,2010,46(5):49-54.
[16]侯爱敏,周国逸,彭少麟.鼎湖山马尾松径向生长动态与气候因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(4):637-639.HOU Aimin,ZHOU Guoyi,PENG Shaolin.Relationship between climatic factors and radial growth of Pinus massoniana in Dinghushan Mountain[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,2003,14(4):637-639.
[17]程瑞梅,封晓辉,肖文发,等.北亚热带马尾松净生产力对气候变化的响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(8):2086-2095.CHENG Ruimei,FENG Xiaohui,XIAO Wenfa,et al.Response of net productivity of Masson pine plantation to climate change in North subtropical region[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2011,31(8):2086-2095.
[18]孟宪宇.测树学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006.
[19]GOODMAN A M,ENNOS A R.A comparative study of the response of the roots and shoots of sunflower and maize to mechanical stimulation[J].J Exp Bot,1996,47(303):1499-1507.
[20]HENRY H A L,AARSSENN L W.On the relationship between shade tolerance and shade avoidance strategies in woodland plants[J].Oikos,1997,80:575-582.
[21]PEICHL M,ARAIN M A.Allometry and partitioning of above and belowground tree biomass in an age-sequence of white pine forests[J].For Ecol Manage,2007,253(1):68-80.
[22]RETZLAFF W A,HANDEST J A,O’MALLEY D M,et al.Wholetree biomass and carbon allocation of juvenile trees of loblolly pine(Pinus taeda):influence of genetics and fertilization[J].Can J For Res,2001,31(1):960-970.
[23]STOVALL J P,FOX T R,SEILER J R.Allometry varies among 6-year-old Pinus taeda(L.)clones in the Virginia Piedmont[J].For Sci,2013,59(1):50-62.
[24]BONGARTEN B C,TESKEY R O.Dry-weight partitioning and its relationship to productivity in loblolly pine seedlings from 7 sources[J].For Sci,1987,33:255-267.
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