混配除草剂对燕麦田杂草的防效及燕麦产量的影响
|
摘要
为了筛选适宜燕麦(Avena sativa)田使用的安全、高效的混配除草剂组合,选用96%精异丙甲草胺乳油和10%苄嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂、57%2,4-D丁酯乳油和10%乙羧氟草醚乳油按照不同比例两两组合,混配后施于燕麦田,研究其对燕麦田杂草的防除效果以及对燕麦安全性和产量的影响。结果表明,不同除草剂处理对杂草的防效差异显著(P <0.05),混配处理的防效普遍高于各单剂处理。T5和T9对杂草的防效最好,但后者对燕麦有药害。综合安全性、除草效果及对燕麦的增产作用,筛选出综合效应最佳的混配组合,即57%2,4-D丁酯乳油438.5 mL·hm~(–2)+10%乙羧氟草醚乳油300 mL·hm~(–2)(T12);其药后30 d的鲜重防效达87.99%,燕麦干草产量为9 875.3 kg·hm~(–2),燕麦种子产量为4 314.3 kg·hm~(–2)。
In order to select suitable combinations of herbicides for oat fields,96% S-metolachlor in combination with 10%bensulfuron methyl and 57% 2,4-D butyl ester with 10% fluoroglycofen were evaluated in different ratios and concentrations for their weed control efficacy,oat yield,and safety.The results showed that there were significant differences among the treatments(P < 0.05).The average control effect of mixed herbicides was higher than that of the single agents: T5 and T9 had the highest weed control efficacy,but the latter injured oat plants.For a safe combination,weed control efficacy,and oat yield improvement,the best combination was 57% 2,4-D butyl ester(438.5 mL·ha~(–1)) and 10% fluoroglycofen(300 mL·ha~(–1))(T12),which resulted in 87.99% weed control efficacy,9 875.3 kg·ha~(–1) oat hay yield,and 4 314.3 kg·ha~(–1) grain yield.
In order to select suitable combinations of herbicides for oat fields,96% S-metolachlor in combination with 10%bensulfuron methyl and 57% 2,4-D butyl ester with 10% fluoroglycofen were evaluated in different ratios and concentrations for their weed control efficacy,oat yield,and safety.The results showed that there were significant differences among the treatments(P < 0.05).The average control effect of mixed herbicides was higher than that of the single agents: T5 and T9 had the highest weed control efficacy,but the latter injured oat plants.For a safe combination,weed control efficacy,and oat yield improvement,the best combination was 57% 2,4-D butyl ester(438.5 mL·ha~(–1)) and 10% fluoroglycofen(300 mL·ha~(–1))(T12),which resulted in 87.99% weed control efficacy,9 875.3 kg·ha~(–1) oat hay yield,and 4 314.3 kg·ha~(–1) grain yield.
引文
[1]曲祥春,何中国,郝文媛,栾天浩,李玉发.我国燕麦生产现状及发展对策.杂粮作物,2006,26(3):11-14.QU X C,HE Z G,HAO W Y,LUAN T H,LI Y F.Productive statue and developing countermeasure of oat in China.Rain Fed Crops,2006,26(3):11-14.
[2]赵得明.燕麦草生产利用现状及发展趋势.黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016,59(22):177-179.ZHAO D M.Current situation and development rrend of oat production and utilization.Helongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2016,59(22):177-179.
[3]张曼,张美莉,郭军.中国燕麦加工现状及产业发展趋势.农产品加工(学刊),2014,13(8):49-51.ZHANG M,ZHANG M L,GUO J.Oat processing status and development trend of the industry in China.Academic Periodical of Farm Products Processing,2014,13(8):49-51.
[4]叶萱.全球抗性杂草的现状.世界农药,2015,37(2):11-18.YE X.The present status of global resistance of weeds.World Pesticides,2015,37(2):11-18.
[5]石晓旭,陈亦,黄嵘.我国化学除草剂使用现状及对策.现代农业科技,2016,45(19):133-134.SHI X X,CHEN Y,HUANG R.The current situation and countermeasures of chemical herbicides in China.Modern Agricultural Technology,2016,45(19):133-134.
[6]姚湘江,许良忠.除草剂混配联合作用的评估.植物保护,1995,12(5):38-40.YAO X J,XU L Z.Evaluation of the combination of mixed herbicides.Plant Protection,1995,12(5):38-40.
[7]张伟星.稻茬麦田除草剂47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂的研发与应用技术研究.南京:南京农业大学硕士学位论文,2015.ZHANG W X.Study on the developmentand application of the wp of 47%Halosulfuron·ethyi·pretilachlor·isoproturon in rice stubble wheat field.Master Thesis.Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2015.
[8]刘孝慧,冯小燕,朱训永,郭吉山,耿建云,郑立金.15%麦极WP对小麦田恶性禾本科杂草的田间药效研究.安徽农业科学,2009,37(6):2606-2607.LIU X H,FEN X Y ZHU X Y,GUO J S,GEN J Y,ZHENG L J.The study about weed control efficacy of 15%clodinafoppropargyi wp tomalignant gramineae weeds on the wheat field.Journal of Anhui Agricultural science,2009,37(6):2606-2607.
[9]余建波.重庆稻田杂草调查及35%氰氟草酯·醚磺隆WG研制.重庆:西南大学硕士学位论文,2012.YU J B.Survey of weeds in paddy fileds in Chongqing and Study on 35%Cyhalofop-butyl·cinosulfuron Water dispersible granule.Master Thesis.Chongqing:Southwest University,2012.
[10]高海峰,白微微,高永红,张宏芝,李广阔.几种除草剂对冬麦田杂草的防除效果.杂草科学,2014,32(4):53-57.GAO H F,BAI W W,GAO Y H,ZHANG H Z,LI G K.Efficacy of several herbicides on weed in winter wheat.Journal of Weed Science,2014,32(4):53-57.
[11]李小刚.基于GIS的耕地地力评价研究:以甘肃省榆中县为例.兰州:兰州大学硕士学位论文,2010.LI X G.Evaluation of cultivated land fertility based on GIS:A case study of Yuzhong county of Gansu Province.Master Thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2010.
[12]林长福,杨玉廷.除草剂混用混剂及其药效评价.农药,2002,43(8):5-7.LIN C F,YANG Y T.Methods for efficacy evaluation of herbicide mixtures or herbicide prepackage mixtures.Agrochemicals,2002,43(8):5-7.
[13]黄春燕.大豆除草剂使用技术.北京:金盾出版社,2010:55.HUANG C Y.Technology of Herbicides Using in Soybean Field.Beijing:Jindun Press,2010:55.
[14]江荣昌,姚秉琦.化学除草技术.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1989:21.JIANG R C,YAO B Q.Technical of Chemical Weeding.Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers,1989:21.
[15]李孙荣.杂草及其防治.北京:北京农业大学出版社,1992:95-12,180-203.LI S R.Weed and Control.Beijing:Beijing Agricultural University Press,1992:95-12,180-203.
[16]ULLALENA B,H?NKANB F.Response of weeds and crop yield to herbicide dose decision-support guidelines.Weed Science,2002,35:186-195.
[17]MULUGETA D,STOLTENBERG D E.Seed bank characterization and emergence of a weed community in a moldboard plow system.Weed Science,1997,30:54-60.
[18]徐小燕,陈杰,台文俊,刘燕君,傅荣幸.两种除草剂复配评价方法的研究.杂草科学,2007,25(2):27-30.XU X Y,CHEN J,TAI W J,LIU Y J,FU R X.Study of evaluation methods of two herbicide mixtures.Journal of Weed Science,2007,25(2):27-30.
[19]徐映明,朱文达.农药问答.北京:化学工业出版社,2014.XU Y M,ZHU W D.Question and answer of pesticide.Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2014.
[20]李广阔,高海峰,高永红,雷俊杰,王锁牢.除草剂混配防除新疆南疆地区冬麦田杂草的药剂试验.杂草科学,2012,30(3):47-49.LI G K,GAO H F,GAO Y H,LEI J J,WANG S L.Effect of two mixed herbicides on weeds control in the winter wheat field of southern Xingjiang.Journal of Weed Science,2012,30(3):47-49.
[21]冯辉,王树杰,郜战宁,薛正刚,杨永乾,潘正茂.3种除草剂对大麦田杂草防除效果及产量效应.湖南农业科学,2017,47(6):57-59.FEN H,WANG S J,HAO Z N,XUE Z G,YANG Y Q,PAN Z M.Control effect,barley yield response of three herbicides and their mixtures on weeds in barley field.Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2017,47(6):57-59.
[22]蔡洪文.苄嘧磺隆与金都尔混用防除花生田杂草的效果.杂草科学,2006,24(1):47-48.CAI H W.Weed control efficacy of mixed herbicides by Bensulfuron methyl and S-metolachlor in Peanut Fields.Journal of Weed Science,2006,24(1):47-48.
[23]关丽杰,邵双,刘桂萍.小麦田除草剂乙羧氟草醚与2,4-D丁酯混用技术研究.沈阳化工学院学报,2005,23(2):87-92.GUAN L J,SHAO S,LIU G P.Applying technology of fluoroglycofen with 2,4-D in wheat field.Journal of Shenyang Institute of Chemical Technology,2005,23(2):87-92.
[24]马跃峰,郭成林,马永林.氯嘧磺隆与2甲4氯钠盐混配对香附子的联合毒力测定.农药,2016,38(3):228-230.MA Y F,GUO C L,MA Y L.Chlorimuron-ethyland MCPA-Na joint toxicity measurement on cyperus rotundus.Agrochemicals,2016,38(3):228-230.
[25]高婷.水稻机插秧田杂草发生及防除研究.南京:南京农业大学硕士学位论文,2014.GAO T.Study on the occurrenc and control of weeds in mechanized transplanting rice.Master Thesis.Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2014.
[26]谭伟.乙羧氟草醚和乙草胺对葡萄的危害原因探究.泰安:山东农业大学博士学位论文,2012.TAN W.Analysis of phytotoxicity caused by fluoroglycofen and acetochlor on grapevine.PhD Thesis.Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2012.
[27]王友定,吴永虎,陈克付.20%苯磺隆·乙羧氟草醚WP防除冬小麦田阔叶杂草的研究.安徽农业科学,2004,44(6):1153.WANG Y D,WU Y H,CHEN K F.Study on weed control of 20%bensulfuron and fluorogly cofen mixtures in winter wheat field.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,2004,44(6):1153.
[28]张朝贤,黄红娟,崔海兰.抗药性杂草与治理.植物保护,2013,39(5):99-102.ZHANG C X,HUAG H J,CUI H L.Herbicide-resistant weeds and their magnagement.Plant Protection,2013,39(5):99-102.
[29]赵春凤.化学除草剂污染的分析与治理.北方水稻,2012,42(1):60-61.ZHAO C F.Analysis and management of chemical herbicide pollution.North Rice,2012,42(1):60-61.
[30]程玲,李俊凯,王勇.不同控制条件下土壤中苄嘧磺隆的残留动态初探.长江大学学报,2008,5(2):61-63.CHENG L,LI J K,WANG Y.Dynamics analysis of bensulfuron-methyl in soil under controlled environmental condi-tions.Journal of Yangtze University,2008,5(2):61-63.
[31]谢根里.麦田杂草防治技术.北京农业,2012(3):82.XIE G L.Weed control technique.Beijing Agriculture,2012(3):82.
[32]高同军,强胜,宋小玲,朱云枝.统计控制在除草剂药效评价中的应用.农药,2006,45(9):606-607.GAO T J,QIANG S,SONG X L,ZHU Y Z.Utilizing statistical control in herbicide efficacy evaluation.Agro-chemicals,2006,45(9):606-607.
[33]曹长代,周勇军,郭怡卿,叶敏,余柳青.杂草化感作用与信息互作.中国稻米,2006,2(6):6-9.CAO C D,ZHOU Y J,GUO Y Q,YE M,YU L Q.Weed allelopathy and information interactions.China Rice,2006,2(6):6-9.
[34]朱文达,何燕红,李林,魏守辉,喻大昭.氯氟吡氧乙酸与顶尖或骠马混用对小麦田间杂草的防除效果.麦类作物学报,2010,30(4):778-782.ZHU W D,HE Y H,LI L,WEI S H,YU D Z.Control effect of the mixture herbicide of fluroxypyr with topik or puma super on weeds in wheat field.Journal of Triticeae Crops,2010,30(4):778-782.
[35]柴继宽,赵桂琴,师尚礼.燕麦种子产量构成因子与产量的关联性分析.草地学报,2012,20(1):49-53.CHAI J K,ZHAO G Q,SHI S L.Association analysis between seed yield and yield components of oats.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2012,20(1):49-53.
[2]赵得明.燕麦草生产利用现状及发展趋势.黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016,59(22):177-179.ZHAO D M.Current situation and development rrend of oat production and utilization.Helongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2016,59(22):177-179.
[3]张曼,张美莉,郭军.中国燕麦加工现状及产业发展趋势.农产品加工(学刊),2014,13(8):49-51.ZHANG M,ZHANG M L,GUO J.Oat processing status and development trend of the industry in China.Academic Periodical of Farm Products Processing,2014,13(8):49-51.
[4]叶萱.全球抗性杂草的现状.世界农药,2015,37(2):11-18.YE X.The present status of global resistance of weeds.World Pesticides,2015,37(2):11-18.
[5]石晓旭,陈亦,黄嵘.我国化学除草剂使用现状及对策.现代农业科技,2016,45(19):133-134.SHI X X,CHEN Y,HUANG R.The current situation and countermeasures of chemical herbicides in China.Modern Agricultural Technology,2016,45(19):133-134.
[6]姚湘江,许良忠.除草剂混配联合作用的评估.植物保护,1995,12(5):38-40.YAO X J,XU L Z.Evaluation of the combination of mixed herbicides.Plant Protection,1995,12(5):38-40.
[7]张伟星.稻茬麦田除草剂47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂的研发与应用技术研究.南京:南京农业大学硕士学位论文,2015.ZHANG W X.Study on the developmentand application of the wp of 47%Halosulfuron·ethyi·pretilachlor·isoproturon in rice stubble wheat field.Master Thesis.Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2015.
[8]刘孝慧,冯小燕,朱训永,郭吉山,耿建云,郑立金.15%麦极WP对小麦田恶性禾本科杂草的田间药效研究.安徽农业科学,2009,37(6):2606-2607.LIU X H,FEN X Y ZHU X Y,GUO J S,GEN J Y,ZHENG L J.The study about weed control efficacy of 15%clodinafoppropargyi wp tomalignant gramineae weeds on the wheat field.Journal of Anhui Agricultural science,2009,37(6):2606-2607.
[9]余建波.重庆稻田杂草调查及35%氰氟草酯·醚磺隆WG研制.重庆:西南大学硕士学位论文,2012.YU J B.Survey of weeds in paddy fileds in Chongqing and Study on 35%Cyhalofop-butyl·cinosulfuron Water dispersible granule.Master Thesis.Chongqing:Southwest University,2012.
[10]高海峰,白微微,高永红,张宏芝,李广阔.几种除草剂对冬麦田杂草的防除效果.杂草科学,2014,32(4):53-57.GAO H F,BAI W W,GAO Y H,ZHANG H Z,LI G K.Efficacy of several herbicides on weed in winter wheat.Journal of Weed Science,2014,32(4):53-57.
[11]李小刚.基于GIS的耕地地力评价研究:以甘肃省榆中县为例.兰州:兰州大学硕士学位论文,2010.LI X G.Evaluation of cultivated land fertility based on GIS:A case study of Yuzhong county of Gansu Province.Master Thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2010.
[12]林长福,杨玉廷.除草剂混用混剂及其药效评价.农药,2002,43(8):5-7.LIN C F,YANG Y T.Methods for efficacy evaluation of herbicide mixtures or herbicide prepackage mixtures.Agrochemicals,2002,43(8):5-7.
[13]黄春燕.大豆除草剂使用技术.北京:金盾出版社,2010:55.HUANG C Y.Technology of Herbicides Using in Soybean Field.Beijing:Jindun Press,2010:55.
[14]江荣昌,姚秉琦.化学除草技术.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1989:21.JIANG R C,YAO B Q.Technical of Chemical Weeding.Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers,1989:21.
[15]李孙荣.杂草及其防治.北京:北京农业大学出版社,1992:95-12,180-203.LI S R.Weed and Control.Beijing:Beijing Agricultural University Press,1992:95-12,180-203.
[16]ULLALENA B,H?NKANB F.Response of weeds and crop yield to herbicide dose decision-support guidelines.Weed Science,2002,35:186-195.
[17]MULUGETA D,STOLTENBERG D E.Seed bank characterization and emergence of a weed community in a moldboard plow system.Weed Science,1997,30:54-60.
[18]徐小燕,陈杰,台文俊,刘燕君,傅荣幸.两种除草剂复配评价方法的研究.杂草科学,2007,25(2):27-30.XU X Y,CHEN J,TAI W J,LIU Y J,FU R X.Study of evaluation methods of two herbicide mixtures.Journal of Weed Science,2007,25(2):27-30.
[19]徐映明,朱文达.农药问答.北京:化学工业出版社,2014.XU Y M,ZHU W D.Question and answer of pesticide.Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2014.
[20]李广阔,高海峰,高永红,雷俊杰,王锁牢.除草剂混配防除新疆南疆地区冬麦田杂草的药剂试验.杂草科学,2012,30(3):47-49.LI G K,GAO H F,GAO Y H,LEI J J,WANG S L.Effect of two mixed herbicides on weeds control in the winter wheat field of southern Xingjiang.Journal of Weed Science,2012,30(3):47-49.
[21]冯辉,王树杰,郜战宁,薛正刚,杨永乾,潘正茂.3种除草剂对大麦田杂草防除效果及产量效应.湖南农业科学,2017,47(6):57-59.FEN H,WANG S J,HAO Z N,XUE Z G,YANG Y Q,PAN Z M.Control effect,barley yield response of three herbicides and their mixtures on weeds in barley field.Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2017,47(6):57-59.
[22]蔡洪文.苄嘧磺隆与金都尔混用防除花生田杂草的效果.杂草科学,2006,24(1):47-48.CAI H W.Weed control efficacy of mixed herbicides by Bensulfuron methyl and S-metolachlor in Peanut Fields.Journal of Weed Science,2006,24(1):47-48.
[23]关丽杰,邵双,刘桂萍.小麦田除草剂乙羧氟草醚与2,4-D丁酯混用技术研究.沈阳化工学院学报,2005,23(2):87-92.GUAN L J,SHAO S,LIU G P.Applying technology of fluoroglycofen with 2,4-D in wheat field.Journal of Shenyang Institute of Chemical Technology,2005,23(2):87-92.
[24]马跃峰,郭成林,马永林.氯嘧磺隆与2甲4氯钠盐混配对香附子的联合毒力测定.农药,2016,38(3):228-230.MA Y F,GUO C L,MA Y L.Chlorimuron-ethyland MCPA-Na joint toxicity measurement on cyperus rotundus.Agrochemicals,2016,38(3):228-230.
[25]高婷.水稻机插秧田杂草发生及防除研究.南京:南京农业大学硕士学位论文,2014.GAO T.Study on the occurrenc and control of weeds in mechanized transplanting rice.Master Thesis.Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2014.
[26]谭伟.乙羧氟草醚和乙草胺对葡萄的危害原因探究.泰安:山东农业大学博士学位论文,2012.TAN W.Analysis of phytotoxicity caused by fluoroglycofen and acetochlor on grapevine.PhD Thesis.Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2012.
[27]王友定,吴永虎,陈克付.20%苯磺隆·乙羧氟草醚WP防除冬小麦田阔叶杂草的研究.安徽农业科学,2004,44(6):1153.WANG Y D,WU Y H,CHEN K F.Study on weed control of 20%bensulfuron and fluorogly cofen mixtures in winter wheat field.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,2004,44(6):1153.
[28]张朝贤,黄红娟,崔海兰.抗药性杂草与治理.植物保护,2013,39(5):99-102.ZHANG C X,HUAG H J,CUI H L.Herbicide-resistant weeds and their magnagement.Plant Protection,2013,39(5):99-102.
[29]赵春凤.化学除草剂污染的分析与治理.北方水稻,2012,42(1):60-61.ZHAO C F.Analysis and management of chemical herbicide pollution.North Rice,2012,42(1):60-61.
[30]程玲,李俊凯,王勇.不同控制条件下土壤中苄嘧磺隆的残留动态初探.长江大学学报,2008,5(2):61-63.CHENG L,LI J K,WANG Y.Dynamics analysis of bensulfuron-methyl in soil under controlled environmental condi-tions.Journal of Yangtze University,2008,5(2):61-63.
[31]谢根里.麦田杂草防治技术.北京农业,2012(3):82.XIE G L.Weed control technique.Beijing Agriculture,2012(3):82.
[32]高同军,强胜,宋小玲,朱云枝.统计控制在除草剂药效评价中的应用.农药,2006,45(9):606-607.GAO T J,QIANG S,SONG X L,ZHU Y Z.Utilizing statistical control in herbicide efficacy evaluation.Agro-chemicals,2006,45(9):606-607.
[33]曹长代,周勇军,郭怡卿,叶敏,余柳青.杂草化感作用与信息互作.中国稻米,2006,2(6):6-9.CAO C D,ZHOU Y J,GUO Y Q,YE M,YU L Q.Weed allelopathy and information interactions.China Rice,2006,2(6):6-9.
[34]朱文达,何燕红,李林,魏守辉,喻大昭.氯氟吡氧乙酸与顶尖或骠马混用对小麦田间杂草的防除效果.麦类作物学报,2010,30(4):778-782.ZHU W D,HE Y H,LI L,WEI S H,YU D Z.Control effect of the mixture herbicide of fluroxypyr with topik or puma super on weeds in wheat field.Journal of Triticeae Crops,2010,30(4):778-782.
[35]柴继宽,赵桂琴,师尚礼.燕麦种子产量构成因子与产量的关联性分析.草地学报,2012,20(1):49-53.CHAI J K,ZHAO G Q,SHI S L.Association analysis between seed yield and yield components of oats.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2012,20(1):49-53.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |