平面斜向射流冲蚀不同坡度沙床的试验研究
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摘要
利用射流清淤在疏浚工程中已得到广泛的应用并发挥了重要的作用,探究工作射流条件和沙床边界条件对冲蚀效果的影响有助于疏浚设备的优化设计及提高疏浚效率。观测和分析了静止平面斜向射流在不同射流速度、射流角度及沙床坡度条件下冲蚀沙床的过程、冲坑形态、以及冲坑外浑水流动特征。结果表明:二维冲坑剖面存在几何相似性,几何形态不对称,整体向下游发展;冲坑发展过程可分为初始、发展和稳定三个阶段,冲坑的深度随时间的变化呈对数关系增长,在冲坑深度达到最大深度一半时冲蚀速率最大;二维冲坑面积随射流角度的增大呈先减小、后增大的关系变化,在45°时存在极小值;泥沙冲蚀量、坑外浑水流运动速度随着沙床坡度的增大而增加,而坡度大于10‰后冲蚀量增长趋势趋缓。
The utility of jet dredging has been widely used and played an important role in dredging projects.It is important to explore its results with different jet factors and dredging factors,which can improve dredging efficiency.In this paper,the erosion processes of sand beds with different slopes by the plane jet with inclined angles were investigated with different jet velocities,jet angles and slopes of sand bed,shapes of scour holes,and characteristics of turbid flow outside the crater.The results showed that:(1)There were geometric similarities of the scour holes with asymmetrical geometry and downstream-toward profiles;(2)The development processes of the scour holes can be divided into three stages:initial stage,development stage and stable stage;(3)The depth of the scour holes developed with time as a logarithmic relationshp,and the erosion rate reached the largest when the crater depth reaches half of the maximum depth;(4)With the increase of jet angle,the areas of two-dimensional crater decreased firstly and then increased.It reached its minimum value when the jet angle was at 45°;(5)The volumes of sediment erosion and the speed of turbid flow outside the crater increased with the slopes of the sand bed.However,the growth trend slowed down after the slope was greater than 10‰.
The utility of jet dredging has been widely used and played an important role in dredging projects.It is important to explore its results with different jet factors and dredging factors,which can improve dredging efficiency.In this paper,the erosion processes of sand beds with different slopes by the plane jet with inclined angles were investigated with different jet velocities,jet angles and slopes of sand bed,shapes of scour holes,and characteristics of turbid flow outside the crater.The results showed that:(1)There were geometric similarities of the scour holes with asymmetrical geometry and downstream-toward profiles;(2)The development processes of the scour holes can be divided into three stages:initial stage,development stage and stable stage;(3)The depth of the scour holes developed with time as a logarithmic relationshp,and the erosion rate reached the largest when the crater depth reaches half of the maximum depth;(4)With the increase of jet angle,the areas of two-dimensional crater decreased firstly and then increased.It reached its minimum value when the jet angle was at 45°;(5)The volumes of sediment erosion and the speed of turbid flow outside the crater increased with the slopes of the sand bed.However,the growth trend slowed down after the slope was greater than 10‰.
引文
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[7]李振升,倪福生,顾磊,等.双喷嘴射流冲坑的几何相似性研究[J].机械设计与制造工程,2016,45(1):82-85.(LI Z S,NI F S,GU L,et al.Geometrical similarity of double nozzle jet scour hole[J].Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Engineering,2016,45(1):82-85.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-509X.2016.01.019.
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[9]李彬,李果,郭志学,等.变坡陡比降河道泥沙淤积逆向发展速度的试验研究[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016,14(2):148-151.(LI B,LI G,GUO Z X,et al.Experimental study on speed of sediment deposition reversible transmission in steep slope river[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2016,14(2):148-151.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2016.02.026.
[10]宁锋,高传昌,王为术.基于脉冲射流的小浪底水库人工异重流输沙方法探讨[J].南水北调与水利科技,2007,5(2):75-77.(NING F,GAO C C,WANG W S.Research of manpower density flow in Xiaolangdi Reservoir based on pulsed Jet[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2007,5(2):75-77.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2007.02.027.
[11]TANG Y,CHAN D H,ZHU D Z.Numerical investigation of sand-bed erosion by an upward water jet[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2017,143(9).DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001319.
[12]曹慧群,李青云,黄茁,等.我国水库淤积防治方法及效果综述[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(6):183-18.(CAO H Q,LI Q Y,HUANG Z,et al.Overview on control measures and their effects against reservoir sedimentation in China[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2013,32(6):183-189.(in Chinese))
[13]顾磊,倪福生,徐立群,等.垂直射流冲刷砂床的喷嘴间距试验研究[J].泥沙研究,2017,42(3):54-58.(GU L,NI F S,XU L Q,et al.Experimental study on nozzle distance of sand bed scour by impinging water jets[J].Sediment Research,2017,42(3):54-58.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16239/j.cnki.0468-155x.2017.03.010.
[14]高传昌,赵礼,刘新阳,等.淹没条件下自激脉冲射流冲蚀试验研究[J].排灌机械工程学报,2012,30(1):53-56.(GAO C C,ZHAO L,LIU X Y et al.Experiment research on erosion of self-excited inspired pulsatile jet in submerged condition[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering of Irrigation and Drainage,2012,30(1):53-56.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8530.2012.01.011.
[15]刘晓杰,化晓锋,陈伟,等.新型渠道清淤技术与设备研究[J].南水北调与水利科技,2013(5):189-192.(LIU X J,HUA X F,CHEN W,et al.Research on dredging technology and equipment of new channels[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2013(5):189-192.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1201.2013.05189.
[16]李文学,张隆荣,张原锋,等.射流冲刷试验研究[J].泥沙研究,1999(4):7-13.(LI W X,ZHANG L R,ZHANG Y F,et al.Experimental study of scour by water jets[J].Sediment Research,1999(4):7-13.(in Chinese))
[17]李文学.二维贴壁射流冲刷水槽试验[J].泥沙研究,1995(4):50-59.(LI W X.Experiments of scour caused by a wall jet[J].Sediment Research,1995(4):50-59..(in Chinese))
[18]张原锋,张隆荣.射流冲刷试验及其在黄河潼关河段的应用[J].水利水电技术,2004,35(12):19-22.(ZHANG Y F,ZHANG L R.Jet flow scouring experiments and application of their results to the Tongguan stretch of Yellow River[J].Water Conservancy and Hydropower Technology,2004,35(12):19-22.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0860.2004.12.005.
[19]ADERIBIGBE O O,RAJARATNAM N.Erosion of loose beds by submerged circular impinging vertical turbulent jets[J].Journal of Hydraulc Research,1996,134(1):19-34.DOI:10.1080/00221689609498762.
[20]槐文信,王增武,钱忠东,等.二维垂向射流沙质河床冲刷的数值模拟[J].中国科学:技术科学,2012(1):72-81.(HUAI W X,WANG Z W,QIAN Z D,et al.Numerical simulation of two-dimensional vertical jet sand bed erosion[J].Chinese Science:Technical Science,2012(1):72-81.(in Chinese))DOI:10.1007/s11431-011-4574-y.
[21]顾磊,倪福生,李雯,等.喷嘴间距对双股平面射流冲刷的影响[J].泥沙研究,2016(6):32-37.(GU L,NI FS,LI W,et al.Influence of nozzle distance on scour by two plane water jets[J].Sediment Research,2016(6):32-37.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16239/j.cnki.0468-155x.2016.06.006.
[22]BELTAOS S,RAJARATNAM N.Impinging Circular Turbulent Jets[J].Journal of the Hydraulics Division,ASCE,Vol,100,No.HY10,Oct,1974.
[23]PERNG A T H,CAPART H.Underwater sand bed erosion and internal jump formation by travelling plane jets[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2008,595(595):1-43.DOI:10.1017/S0022112007008567.
[24]RAJARATNAM N.Erosion by plane turbulent jets[J].Journal of Hydraulic Research,1981,19(4):20.DOI:10.1080/00221688109499508.
[25]钱宁,万兆惠.泥沙运动力学[M].北京,科学出版社,1983:41-43.(QIAN N,WAN Z H.Sediment movement mechanics[M].Beijing,Science Press,1983:41-43.(in Chinese))
[26]钱忠东,胡晓清,槐文信,等.基于欧拉模型的淹没射流冲刷数值模拟[J].中国科学:技术科学,2011,41(4):419-425.(QIAN Z D,HU X Q,HUI W X,et al.Numerical simulation of submerged jet scour based on Euler model[J].Chinese Science:Technical Science,2011,41(4):419-425.(in Chinese))DOI:10.1007/s11431-010-4165-3.
[2]YEH P H,CHANG K A,HENRIKSEN J,et al.Largescale laboratory experiment on erosion of sand beds by moving circular vertical jets[J].Ocean Engineering,2009,36(3):248-255.DOI:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2008.11.006.
[3]范家骅,祁伟,戴清.异重流潜入现象探讨Ⅰ:水槽实验与理论分析成果回顾[J].水利学报,2018,49(4):404-418.(FAN J H,QI W,DAI Q.Investigation of density current plungingⅠ:Review of previous flume experiment works and theoretical analysis[J].Journal of Water Conservation,2018,49(4):404-418.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20170641.
[4]董伟,魏伟,周茜.浅谈黄河河口拦门沙疏浚综合技术[J].南水北调与水利科技,2010,8(3):142-145.(DONG W,WEI W,ZHOU Q.Analysis of comprehensive dredging technology of Yellow River delta sandbar[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2010,8(3):142-145.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/SP.J.1201.2010.03142.
[5]王楠,何炎平,黄超.射流清淤船技术进展[J].船海工程,2013,42(3):1-6.(WANG N,HE Y P,HUANGC.The technology development of water injection dredger[J].Marine Engineering,2013,42(3):1-6.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3963/j.issn.1671-7953.2013.03.001.
[6]李涛,张俊华,李书霞,等.基于浑液面变化的水库异重流不平衡输沙规律探讨[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(4):148-152.(LI T,ZHANG J H,LI S X.Discussion on non-equilibrium sediment transport law of turbidity current under muddy lake interface changes in reservoir[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2013,32(4):148-152.(in Chinese))
[7]李振升,倪福生,顾磊,等.双喷嘴射流冲坑的几何相似性研究[J].机械设计与制造工程,2016,45(1):82-85.(LI Z S,NI F S,GU L,et al.Geometrical similarity of double nozzle jet scour hole[J].Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Engineering,2016,45(1):82-85.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-509X.2016.01.019.
[8]AZIMI A H,RAJARATNAM,ZHU.An experimental study of sand deposition from slurry wall jets[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2014,140(140):296-314.DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000664.
[9]李彬,李果,郭志学,等.变坡陡比降河道泥沙淤积逆向发展速度的试验研究[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016,14(2):148-151.(LI B,LI G,GUO Z X,et al.Experimental study on speed of sediment deposition reversible transmission in steep slope river[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2016,14(2):148-151.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2016.02.026.
[10]宁锋,高传昌,王为术.基于脉冲射流的小浪底水库人工异重流输沙方法探讨[J].南水北调与水利科技,2007,5(2):75-77.(NING F,GAO C C,WANG W S.Research of manpower density flow in Xiaolangdi Reservoir based on pulsed Jet[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2007,5(2):75-77.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2007.02.027.
[11]TANG Y,CHAN D H,ZHU D Z.Numerical investigation of sand-bed erosion by an upward water jet[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2017,143(9).DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001319.
[12]曹慧群,李青云,黄茁,等.我国水库淤积防治方法及效果综述[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(6):183-18.(CAO H Q,LI Q Y,HUANG Z,et al.Overview on control measures and their effects against reservoir sedimentation in China[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2013,32(6):183-189.(in Chinese))
[13]顾磊,倪福生,徐立群,等.垂直射流冲刷砂床的喷嘴间距试验研究[J].泥沙研究,2017,42(3):54-58.(GU L,NI F S,XU L Q,et al.Experimental study on nozzle distance of sand bed scour by impinging water jets[J].Sediment Research,2017,42(3):54-58.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16239/j.cnki.0468-155x.2017.03.010.
[14]高传昌,赵礼,刘新阳,等.淹没条件下自激脉冲射流冲蚀试验研究[J].排灌机械工程学报,2012,30(1):53-56.(GAO C C,ZHAO L,LIU X Y et al.Experiment research on erosion of self-excited inspired pulsatile jet in submerged condition[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering of Irrigation and Drainage,2012,30(1):53-56.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8530.2012.01.011.
[15]刘晓杰,化晓锋,陈伟,等.新型渠道清淤技术与设备研究[J].南水北调与水利科技,2013(5):189-192.(LIU X J,HUA X F,CHEN W,et al.Research on dredging technology and equipment of new channels[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2013(5):189-192.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1201.2013.05189.
[16]李文学,张隆荣,张原锋,等.射流冲刷试验研究[J].泥沙研究,1999(4):7-13.(LI W X,ZHANG L R,ZHANG Y F,et al.Experimental study of scour by water jets[J].Sediment Research,1999(4):7-13.(in Chinese))
[17]李文学.二维贴壁射流冲刷水槽试验[J].泥沙研究,1995(4):50-59.(LI W X.Experiments of scour caused by a wall jet[J].Sediment Research,1995(4):50-59..(in Chinese))
[18]张原锋,张隆荣.射流冲刷试验及其在黄河潼关河段的应用[J].水利水电技术,2004,35(12):19-22.(ZHANG Y F,ZHANG L R.Jet flow scouring experiments and application of their results to the Tongguan stretch of Yellow River[J].Water Conservancy and Hydropower Technology,2004,35(12):19-22.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0860.2004.12.005.
[19]ADERIBIGBE O O,RAJARATNAM N.Erosion of loose beds by submerged circular impinging vertical turbulent jets[J].Journal of Hydraulc Research,1996,134(1):19-34.DOI:10.1080/00221689609498762.
[20]槐文信,王增武,钱忠东,等.二维垂向射流沙质河床冲刷的数值模拟[J].中国科学:技术科学,2012(1):72-81.(HUAI W X,WANG Z W,QIAN Z D,et al.Numerical simulation of two-dimensional vertical jet sand bed erosion[J].Chinese Science:Technical Science,2012(1):72-81.(in Chinese))DOI:10.1007/s11431-011-4574-y.
[21]顾磊,倪福生,李雯,等.喷嘴间距对双股平面射流冲刷的影响[J].泥沙研究,2016(6):32-37.(GU L,NI FS,LI W,et al.Influence of nozzle distance on scour by two plane water jets[J].Sediment Research,2016(6):32-37.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16239/j.cnki.0468-155x.2016.06.006.
[22]BELTAOS S,RAJARATNAM N.Impinging Circular Turbulent Jets[J].Journal of the Hydraulics Division,ASCE,Vol,100,No.HY10,Oct,1974.
[23]PERNG A T H,CAPART H.Underwater sand bed erosion and internal jump formation by travelling plane jets[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2008,595(595):1-43.DOI:10.1017/S0022112007008567.
[24]RAJARATNAM N.Erosion by plane turbulent jets[J].Journal of Hydraulic Research,1981,19(4):20.DOI:10.1080/00221688109499508.
[25]钱宁,万兆惠.泥沙运动力学[M].北京,科学出版社,1983:41-43.(QIAN N,WAN Z H.Sediment movement mechanics[M].Beijing,Science Press,1983:41-43.(in Chinese))
[26]钱忠东,胡晓清,槐文信,等.基于欧拉模型的淹没射流冲刷数值模拟[J].中国科学:技术科学,2011,41(4):419-425.(QIAN Z D,HU X Q,HUI W X,et al.Numerical simulation of submerged jet scour based on Euler model[J].Chinese Science:Technical Science,2011,41(4):419-425.(in Chinese))DOI:10.1007/s11431-010-4165-3.
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