氮素添加对荒漠区两种濒危植物及其近缘种光合速率的影响
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摘要
以2.5 g N·m~(-2)的计量分2次叶面喷施处理,使氮素年添加量达到5.0 g N·m~(-2)·a~(-1),以探讨高通量氮沉降对荒漠区濒危植物沙冬青和蒙古扁桃及其近缘种光合速率的影响.实验结果表明:各植物光合速率日动态均呈"双峰"曲线型,干旱缺水使得午后峰值不明显;叶面喷施氮素处理组植物光合速率日平均值均低于对照组,表明干旱缺水环境下氮素添加不能有效提高植物光合速率.面对全球性的大气氮沉降危机,濒危植物作为环境敏感植物其生存遇到新的挑战.
To investigate the effects of high level nitrogen deposition on photosynthetic rate of endangered plants Prunus mongolica,Ammopiptanthus mongolicus and their related species in desert areas,5.0 g N·m~(-2) nitrogen was added to the plants by two times(2.5 g N·m~(-2) per time) through spraying to foliage and the daily dynamic changes of photosynthetic rate were observed in this research.The experimental results gave an untypical "double peak" curve model which had a weak afternoon peak because of the water shortage of afternoon for the daily dynamic change of photosynthetic rate of all the plants.The great interesting was that the photosynthesis rate of the plants treated with high level nitrogen group was lower than that of the control group,indicating that nitrogen addition could not effectively increase the photosynthetic rate of plants under water shortage stress.Our experiment results suggest that with the heavy global nitrogen deposition in atmosphere,the survival of the endangered plants will be a serious problem.
To investigate the effects of high level nitrogen deposition on photosynthetic rate of endangered plants Prunus mongolica,Ammopiptanthus mongolicus and their related species in desert areas,5.0 g N·m~(-2) nitrogen was added to the plants by two times(2.5 g N·m~(-2) per time) through spraying to foliage and the daily dynamic changes of photosynthetic rate were observed in this research.The experimental results gave an untypical "double peak" curve model which had a weak afternoon peak because of the water shortage of afternoon for the daily dynamic change of photosynthetic rate of all the plants.The great interesting was that the photosynthesis rate of the plants treated with high level nitrogen group was lower than that of the control group,indicating that nitrogen addition could not effectively increase the photosynthetic rate of plants under water shortage stress.Our experiment results suggest that with the heavy global nitrogen deposition in atmosphere,the survival of the endangered plants will be a serious problem.
引文
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[4] 张菊,康荣华,赵斌,等. 内蒙古温带草原氮沉降的观测研究 [J]. 环境科学,2013,34(9):3553-3557.
[5] 苏洁琼,李新荣,回嵘,等. 氮沉降对荒漠化草原草本植物物种多样性和群落组成的影响 [J]. 西北植物学报,2012,32(4):795-801.
[6] 何玉惠,刘新平,谢忠奎. 氮素添加对黄土高原荒漠草原草本植物物种多样性和生产力的影响 [J]. 中国沙漠,2015,35(1):66-71.
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[8] 杨涵越,张婷,黄永梅. 模拟氮沉降对内蒙古克氏针茅草原N_2O排放的影响 [J]. 环境科学,2016,37(5):1900-1907.
[9] 周晓兵,张元明,王莎莎,等. 模拟氮沉降和干旱对准噶尔盆地两种一年生荒漠植物生长和光合生理的影响 [J]. 植物生态学报,2010,34(12):1394-1403.
[10] 张云海,何念鹏,张光明,等. 氮沉降强度和频率对羊草叶绿素含量的影响 [J]. 生态学报,2013,33(21):6786-6794.
[11] 李松,散丹其其格,红艳,等. 氮素添加对不同生态位植物光合色素含量的影响 [J]. 农业科学,2018,8(4):283-288.
[12] 刘红梅,张爱林,皇甫超河,等. 氮沉降增加对贝加尔针茅草原土壤微生物群落结构的影响 [J]. 生态环境学报,2017,26(7):1100-1106.
[13] 薄正熙,游成铭,胡中民. 氮素与水分添加对内蒙古温带典型草原生物量的影响 [J]. 应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(4):658-664.
[14] 祁瑜,Mulder J,段雷,等. 模拟氮沉降对克氏针茅草原土壤有机碳的短期影响 [J]. 生态学报,2015,35(4):1104-1113.
[15] 云冬梅,杨旺林,王冰利. 和林格尔县近40年气候变化浅析 [J]. 内蒙古农业科技,2012(5):97-98.
[16] 甄江红,王永秀,成舜,等. 濒危植物四合木生境景观动态及其驱动因子分析 [J]. 地理科学进展,2008(6):41-48.
[17] 周晓兵,张元明. 干旱半干旱区氮沉降生态效应研究进展 [J]. 生态学报,2009,29(7):3837-3847.
[18] Nakaji T,Fukami M,Dokiya Y,et al. Effects of high nitrogen load on growth,photosynthesis and nutrient status of Cryptomeria japonica and Pinus densiflora seedlings [J]. Trees-Structure and Function,2001,15:453-461.
[19] 刘红梅,李洁,陈新微,等. 羊草光合特征对氮沉降的响应 [J]. 生态环境学报,2016,25(6):973-980.
[20] Goedhart C M,Pataki D E,Billings S A. Seasonal variations in plant nitrogen relations and photosynthesis along a grassland to shrub land gradient in Owens Valley,California [J]. Plant and Soil,2010,327(1/2):213-223.
[2] Vitousek P M,Aber J D,Howarth R W,et al. Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: Sources and consequences [J]. Ecological Applications,1997,7( 3):737-750.
[3] Fenn M E,Baron J S,Allen E B,et al. Ecological effects of nitrogen deposition in the western United States [J]. Bioscience,2003,53(4):404-420.
[4] 张菊,康荣华,赵斌,等. 内蒙古温带草原氮沉降的观测研究 [J]. 环境科学,2013,34(9):3553-3557.
[5] 苏洁琼,李新荣,回嵘,等. 氮沉降对荒漠化草原草本植物物种多样性和群落组成的影响 [J]. 西北植物学报,2012,32(4):795-801.
[6] 何玉惠,刘新平,谢忠奎. 氮素添加对黄土高原荒漠草原草本植物物种多样性和生产力的影响 [J]. 中国沙漠,2015,35(1):66-71.
[7] 徐瑞阳,白龙,王晓红,等. 模拟氮沉降对两种草地植物氮同化物积累的影响 [J]. 草业科学,2013,30(4):501-505.
[8] 杨涵越,张婷,黄永梅. 模拟氮沉降对内蒙古克氏针茅草原N_2O排放的影响 [J]. 环境科学,2016,37(5):1900-1907.
[9] 周晓兵,张元明,王莎莎,等. 模拟氮沉降和干旱对准噶尔盆地两种一年生荒漠植物生长和光合生理的影响 [J]. 植物生态学报,2010,34(12):1394-1403.
[10] 张云海,何念鹏,张光明,等. 氮沉降强度和频率对羊草叶绿素含量的影响 [J]. 生态学报,2013,33(21):6786-6794.
[11] 李松,散丹其其格,红艳,等. 氮素添加对不同生态位植物光合色素含量的影响 [J]. 农业科学,2018,8(4):283-288.
[12] 刘红梅,张爱林,皇甫超河,等. 氮沉降增加对贝加尔针茅草原土壤微生物群落结构的影响 [J]. 生态环境学报,2017,26(7):1100-1106.
[13] 薄正熙,游成铭,胡中民. 氮素与水分添加对内蒙古温带典型草原生物量的影响 [J]. 应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(4):658-664.
[14] 祁瑜,Mulder J,段雷,等. 模拟氮沉降对克氏针茅草原土壤有机碳的短期影响 [J]. 生态学报,2015,35(4):1104-1113.
[15] 云冬梅,杨旺林,王冰利. 和林格尔县近40年气候变化浅析 [J]. 内蒙古农业科技,2012(5):97-98.
[16] 甄江红,王永秀,成舜,等. 濒危植物四合木生境景观动态及其驱动因子分析 [J]. 地理科学进展,2008(6):41-48.
[17] 周晓兵,张元明. 干旱半干旱区氮沉降生态效应研究进展 [J]. 生态学报,2009,29(7):3837-3847.
[18] Nakaji T,Fukami M,Dokiya Y,et al. Effects of high nitrogen load on growth,photosynthesis and nutrient status of Cryptomeria japonica and Pinus densiflora seedlings [J]. Trees-Structure and Function,2001,15:453-461.
[19] 刘红梅,李洁,陈新微,等. 羊草光合特征对氮沉降的响应 [J]. 生态环境学报,2016,25(6):973-980.
[20] Goedhart C M,Pataki D E,Billings S A. Seasonal variations in plant nitrogen relations and photosynthesis along a grassland to shrub land gradient in Owens Valley,California [J]. Plant and Soil,2010,327(1/2):213-223.